Yintoni usuleleko esibhedlele, iintlobo kwaye ilawulwa njani?

Umxholo

• Uninzi lwezifo eziqhelekileyo
• 1. Inyumoniya
• 2. Usulelo lomchamo
• 3. Usulelo lolusu
• 4. Usulelo lwegazi
• Ngubani osengozini enkulu

Usulelo esibhedlele, okanye usulelo olunxulumene noKhathalelo lwezeMpilo (HAI) luchazwa njengalo naluphi na usulelo olufunyenwe ngelixa umntu engeniswa esibhedlele, kwaye usenokubonakala ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele, okanye emva kokuphuma, ukuba nje kunxulumene nokulaliswa esibhedlele okanye iinkqubo ezenziweyo esibhedlele.

Ukufumana usulelo esibhedlele yinto eqhelekileyo, kuba le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi begula kwaye benyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ngexesha lesibhedlele, ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela usulelo zezi:

• Ukungalingani kweentlobo zebhakteria ulusu kunye nomzimba, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane;
• Ukuwa komkhosi wokhuselo Umntu olele esibhedlele, zombini isifo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza;
• Ukwenza iinkqubo izixhobo ezingafunekiyo ezifana nokufakwa kwe-catheter, ukufakwa kwe-catheter, ii-biopsies, ii-endoscopies okanye utyando, umzekelo, ezaphula isikhuselo solusu.

Ngokubanzi, iintsholongwane ezibangela ukosuleleka esibhedlele azibangeli kusuleleka kwezinye iimeko, njengoko zisebenzisa imeko-bume eneentsholongwane ezimbalwa ezingenabungozi kunye nokwehla kwesixhathiso somguli ukuzinza. Ngaphandle koku, isibacteria esibhedlele sithambekele ekuphuhliseni usulelo olunzima ekunzima ukulunyanga, kuba ziyanyangeka kwi-antibiotics, ke ngoku, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ii-antibiotics ezinamandla ukunyanga olu hlobo losulelo.

Uninzi lwezifo eziqhelekileyo

Usulelo olufunyenwe esibhedlele lunokukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu kunye neempawu ezahluka ngokuhambelana ne-microorganism ejongene nosulelo kunye nendlela yokungena emzimbeni. Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo esibhedlele zezi:

1. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele ihlala iqatha kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abalele ebhedini, abangazi nto okanye abanengxaki yokuginya, ngenxa yomngcipheko wokulangazelela ukutya okanye amathe. Ukongeza, abantu abasebenzisa izixhobo zokuphefumla kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane usulelo olufunyenwe esibhedlele.

Ezinye zeentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kolu hlobo lwenyumoniya ziI-Klebsiella pneumoniae, i-Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella sp., Ukongeza kwezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane kunye nefungi.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulunyaniswa nenyumoniya yasesibhedlele ziintlungu esifubeni, ukukhohlela ngokukhupha okutyheli okanye okunegazi, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukungabikho komdla kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.

2. Usulelo lomchamo

Usulelo lomchamo wesifo esibhedlele luququzelelwa kukusetyenziswa kweprobe ngexesha lokuhlala esibhedlele, nangona nabani na enokukuhlakulela. Ezinye zeebhaktheriya ezichaphazelekayo kule meko zibandakanya Escherichia coli, Iproteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis kunye nefungi, njenge Candida sp.

Iimpawu eziphambiliUsulelo lomchamo lunokuchongwa ngentlungu okanye ngokutsha xa uchama, iintlungu zesisu, ubukho begazi kumchamo kunye nomkhuhlane.

3. Usulelo lolusu

Usulelo lolusu luxhaphake kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwenaliti kunye nokufikelela kwimithambo kunyango okanye iisampulu zovavanyo, utyando okanye amabala e-biopsy okanye ukwakheka kweebhedi. Ezinye zeentsholongwane ezichaphazelekayo kolu hlobo losulelo ziI-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Enterococcus, i-Klebsiella sp., I-Proteus sp., I-Enterobacter sp, i-Serratia sp., I-Streptococcus sp. kwaye I-Staphylococcus epidermidis, umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambiliKwimeko yosulelo lolusu, kunokubakho indawo ebomvu kunye nokudumba kuloo mmandla, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwamadyunguza. Ngokubanzi, le ndawo ibuhlungu kwaye iyatshisa, kwaye kunokubakho imveliso ye-purulent kunye ne-smelly secretion.

4. Usulelo lwegazi

Usulelo lwegazi lubizwa ngokuba yi-septicemia kwaye luhlala lwenzeka emva kosulelo lwenxalenye ethile yomzimba, enwenwa ngokuhamba kwegazi. Olu hlobo losulelo luyingozi, kwaye ukuba alunyangwa ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukusilela komzimba kunye nomngcipheko wokufa. Naziphi na iintsholongwane ezosulelayo zingasasazeka ngegazi, kwaye ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi E. coli, I-Staphylococcus aureus, I-Staphylococcus epidermidis okanye Candida, umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambiliIimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene nosulelo egazini ngumkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukwehla koxinzelelo, ukubetha kwentliziyo ebuthathaka, ukozela. Funda indlela yokuchonga usulelo egazini lakho.

Kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwe-nosocomial, ezichaphazela imimandla eyahlukeneyo yomzimba, enje ngomlomo, indawo yokugaya ukutya, amalungu esini, amehlo okanye iindlebe, umzekelo. Naluphi na usulelo esibhedlele kufuneka lubonwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunyangwe ngamayeza afanelekileyo okubulala iintsholongwane, ukunqanda ukuba lungabi sengozini kwaye lubeke engozini ubomi bomntu.Ngoko ke, phambi kwalo naluphi uphawu okanye uphawu lwale meko, ugqirha onoxanduva kufuneka axelwe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu

Nabani na onokuhlakulela usulelo esibhedlele, nangona kunjalo abo banokuqina kokungakhuseleki komzimba basemngciphekweni omkhulu, onje:

• Abadala;
• Iintsana;
• Abantu abanokungakhuseleki komzimba, ngenxa yezifo ezinjengoGawulayo, emva kokufakelwa kwakhona okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuselayo;
• Ukulawulwa kakubi kweswekile;
• Abantu balele ebhedini okanye banolwazi olutshintshileyo, njengoko benomngcipheko ophezulu wokufuna;
• Izifo ze-Vascular, kunye nokuhamba kakuhle, njengoko kuthintela i-oxygenation kunye nokuphilisa izicubu;
• Izigulana ezinesidingo sokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingafunekiyo, ezinje ngokufaka umchamo ngokufaka umchamo, ukufakwa kwecatheter yemithambo, ukusetyenziswa komoya ngezixhobo;
• Ukwenza utyando.

Ukongeza, ukuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele, kokukhona umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo esibhedlele, kuba kukho amathuba amakhulu okuba sesichengeni sobungozi kunye neentsholongwane ezinoxanduva.