I-Glaucoma evulekileyo yeAngle

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• I-glaucoma evaliweyo-evaliweyo
• Umahluko kwi-engile
• Iimpawu zeglaucoma evulekileyo
• Izinto ezibangela glaucoma evulekileyo-engile
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Ukuchongwa kweglaucoma evulekileyo
• Unyango lweglaucoma evulekileyo
• Olunye unyango
• Imbonakalo yeglaucoma evulekileyo engile
• Ukuthintela i-glaucoma evulekileyo

Ushwankathelo

I-glaucoma evulekileyo evulekileyo lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweglaucoma. I-Glaucoma sisifo esonakalisa imithambo-luvo yakho kwaye sinokubangela ukunciphisa umbono kwanokuba yimfama.

Iglaucoma ichaphazela ngaphezu komhlaba wonke. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wobumfama ongenakulungiseka.

I-glaucoma evaliweyo (okanye i-engile-ukuvalwa) ye-glaucoma ibandakanya iimeko ze-glaucoma e-United States. Ihlala iqatha ngakumbi kune-glaucoma evulekileyo.

Zombini iimeko zibandakanya utshintsho kwiliso elithintela ukukhutshwa kakuhle kolwelo. Oku kukhokelela ekwakhiweni koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso, eliqhubeka lonakalisa imithambo-luvo yakho.

I-Glaucoma ayinakunyangeka. Kodwa ngokuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango, uninzi lweziganeko ze-glaucoma zinokulawulwa ukuthintela isifo ukuba singahambeli kumonakalo wombono.

I-Glaucoma kaninzi ayibonisi zimpawu ngaphambi kokuba yenze umonakalo kumbono wakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ube neemviwo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo ezikwisikrini se-glaucoma.

I-glaucoma evaliweyo-evaliweyo

Inxalenye engaphambili yeliso lakho, phakathi kwe-cornea kunye nelensi, igcwele ulwelo olunamanzi olubizwa ngokuba lulwelo oluhlekisayo. Uburharha obunamanzi:

• igcina imo engqukuva yamehlo
• wondla ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lweliso

Uburharha obutsha obunamanzi buhlala buveliswa buze bukhutshwe ngaphandle kweliso. Ukugcina uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kweliso, isixa esivelisiweyo kunye nemali ekhutshiweyo kufuneka igcinwe ilinganiselwe.

I-Glaucoma ibandakanya ukonakala kwizakhiwo ezivumela uburharha ukuba buphume. Zimbini iindawo ekuthengiswa kuzo uburharha bokuntywila:

• meshwork trabecular
• ukuphuma kwe-uveoscleral

Zombini ezi zakhiwo zikufuphi ngaphambili kweliso, ngasemva kwe-cornea.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-engile evulekileyo kunye ne-glaucoma evaliweyo ixhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi kwezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba ezonakalisiweyo.

Kwi glaucoma evulekileyo, meshwork trabecular inikezela ukonyuka kokuchasana nokuphuma kwamanzi. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo lokwakha ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho.

Kwi iglaucoma evaliweyo, zombini idreyini ye-uveoscleral kunye ne-trabecular meshwork iyavalwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kubangelwa yiris eyonakeleyo (inxalenye enemibala yamehlo) ethintela indawo yokuphuma.

Ukuvaleka kwezi ndawo zivelayo kukhokelela kukonyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho. Uxinzelelo olunamanzi ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho lwaziwa njengoxinzelelo lwe-intraocular (IOP).

Umahluko kwi-engile

I-engile yohlobo lwe-glaucoma ibhekisa kwi-engile eyenziwa yi-iris nge-cornea.

Kwi-glaucoma evulekileyo, i-iris ikwindawo elungileyo, kwaye imijelo ye-uveoscleral yokuhambisa amanzi icacile. Kodwa i-meshwork trabecular ayikhuphi ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwi-glaucoma evaliweyo, i-iris ifakwe kwi-cornea, ivimba i-uveoscleral drains kunye ne-meshwork trabecular.

Iimpawu zeglaucoma evulekileyo

Iglaucoma kumanqanaba okuqala ngesiqhelo ayivelisi zimpawu.Ukonakala kumbono wakho kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba wazi. Xa kuvela iimpawu, zinokubandakanya:

• ukunciphisa umbono kunye nokulahleka kombono
• i-cornea edumbileyo okanye edumbileyo
• ukwanda komfundi kubungakanani obuphakathi obungatshintshi ngokukhanya okwandayo okanye okunciphayo
• ububomvu kumhlophe wamehlo
• isicaphucaphu

Ezi mpawu ikakhulu zivela kwiimeko ezibi zeglaucoma evaliweyo kodwa zinokubonakala njengeglaucoma evulekileyo. Khumbula, ukungabikho kweempawu akubobungqina bokuba awunayo i-glaucoma.

Izinto ezibangela glaucoma evulekileyo-engile

Iglaucoma yenzeka xa ukuvaleka kweendawo zokuhambisa amanzi ukuze kuhlekiswe ngamanzi kubangela uxinzelelo kwiliso lokwakha. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi lunokonakalisa i-optic nerve. Yilapho inxalenye yentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina ganglion ingena emva kweso lakho.

Akuqondwa ngokucacileyo ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana i-glaucoma kwaye abanye abayifumani. Ezinye izinto zemfuza zichongiwe, kodwa ezi akhawunti zazo zonke iimeko zeglaucoma.

I-Glaucoma nayo inokubangelwa kukulimala kwamehlo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiglaucoma yesibini.

Imiba yomngcipheko

I-glaucoma evulekileyo emele imele iimeko ze-glaucoma e-United States. Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ubudala obudala (olunye uphando lubonise ukuba i-glaucoma evulekileyo echaphazeleka ichaphazela iipesenti ezili-10 zabadala kunama-75 kunye neepesenti ezi-2 zabo badala kunama-40
• Imbali yosapho yeglaucoma
• Imvelaphi yaseAfrika
• ukubona kwangaphambili
• phezulu IOP
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (kodwa ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunenye ingozi)
• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-corticosteroids
• ukudumba
• ithumba

Ukuchongwa kweglaucoma evulekileyo

IOP ephezulu inokuhamba ne-glaucoma, kodwa ayilophawu luqinisekileyo. Ngapha koko, yabantu abane-glaucoma bane-IOP eqhelekileyo.

Ukufumanisa ukuba unayo i-glaucoma, kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo ngokubanzi kwaye ujonge amehlo. Ezinye zeemvavanyo oza kuzisebenzisa ugqirha wakho zezi:

• Ubunzima bokubonakalayovavanyo ngetshathi yamehlo.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo ukujonga umbono wakho wendlela. Oku kunokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kodwa uninzi lweeseli ezikwiiseli ze-ganglion zeeseli zingalahleka ngaphambi kokuba ilahleko ibonakale kuvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo.
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo olucocekileyo. Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Amaconsi asetyenziselwa ukukhulisa (ukuvula phezulu) abafundi bakho ukuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone kwi-retina kunye ne-optic nerve ngasemva kweliso. Baya kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope. Inkqubo ayibangeli ntlungu, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba uye waphazamiseka kumbono osondeleyo kunye nemvakalelo yokukhanya okukhanyayo iiyure ezimbalwa.

• Unyango lweglaucoma evulekileyo

  Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lolwelo ngaphakathi kweliso lakho kuphela kwendlela eqinisekisiweyo yokunyanga i-glaucoma. Unyango luhlala luqala ngamathontsi, awaziwa njengamachaphaza oxinzelelo lwegazi, ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.

  Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa amanqanaba akho oxinzelelo lwangaphambili (ukuba ukhona) ukumisela uxinzelelo ekujolise kulo ukunyanga i-glaucoma yakho. Ngokubanzi, baya kujolisa kuxinzelelo njengethagethi yokuqala. Ujoliso luya kuthotywa ukuba umbono wakho uqhubeka usiba mandundu okanye ukuba ugqirha wakho ubona utshintsho kwi-optic nerve.

  Umgca wokuqala wokunciphisa uxinzelelo iziyobisi zii-analogs ze-prostaglandin. Iprostaglandins zii-acid ezinamafutha ezifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke izicwili. Benza ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba kunye nokuphucula umjelo wamanzi ahlekisayo kwindawo yokuphuma ye-uveoscleral. Ezi zithathwa kanye ebusuku.

  Iprostaglandins ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, kodwa zinokubangela:

  • Ukuphakama kunye nokumnyama kweenkophe
  • amehlo abomvu okanye abomvu
  • ukulahleka kwamafutha ajikeleze amehlo (i-periorbital fat)
  • ubumnyama be-iris okanye ulusu olujikeleze iliso

  Iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa njengomgca wesibini wokhuselo zibandakanya:

  • iicarbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • beta-iibhlokhi
  • I-alpha agonists
  • I-agonists ye-cholinergic

  Olunye unyango

  • Ukukhetha i-laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Le yinkqubo yeofisi apho i-laser ijolise kwi-meshwork trabecular ukuphucula umjelo kunye noxinzelelo lwamehlo olusezantsi. Ngokomndilili, inokuhlisa uxinzelelo ngama-20 ukuya kuma-30 epesenti. Iphumelele malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zabantu. Iziphumo zihlala ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu kwaye zinokuphindwa. I-SLT ithathe indawo yamehlo kwezinye iimeko.

  • Imbonakalo yeglaucoma evulekileyo engile

    Akukho lunyango lweglaucoma evulekileyo, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunokukunceda uphephe uninzi lweengozi zokulahleka kombono.

    Nokuba unyango olutsha lwe-laser kunye notyando, i-glaucoma ifuna ukubekwa kweliso ebomini. Kodwa i-eyedrops kunye nonyango olutsha lwe-laser lunokwenza ulawulo lwe-glaucoma luqheleke.

    Ukuthintela i-glaucoma evulekileyo

    Ukubona ugqirha wamehlo kanye ngonyaka lolona thintelo lubalaseleyo lweglaucoma evulekileyo. Xa i-glaucoma ifunyenwe kwangoko, uninzi lweziphumo ezibi lunokuthintelwa.

    I-glaucoma evulekileyo engabonakaliyo ayibonisi zimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala, ke ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kuphela kwendlela yokufumanisa ukuba iyakhula na. Kungcono kuvavanyo lwamehlo kunye ne-ophthalmoscope kunye nokwanda okwenziwa kanye ngonyaka, ngakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.

    Ngelixa ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni inokunika ukhuselo oluthile, ayisosiqinisekiso ngokuchasene ne-glaucoma.