I-Optic Neuritis

Umxholo

• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-optic neuritis?
• Yintoni ebangela i-optic neuritis?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-optic neuritis?
• Ichongwa njani i-optic neuritis?
• Luthini unyango lwe-optic neuritis?
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Yintoni i-optic neuritis?

Iimbilini ze-optic zithwala ulwazi olubonakalayo ukusuka kwiso lakho ukuya kwingqondo yakho. I-Optic neuritis (ON) kuxa isifo sakho se-optic sivutha.

I-ON inokuqhambuka ngesiquphe kusulelo okanye isifo semithambo-luvo. Ukudumba kuhlala kubangela ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana okwenzeka kwiliso elinye kuphela. Abo bane-ON ngamanye amaxesha bafumana iintlungu.Njengoko uchacha kwaye ukudumba kuyahamba, umbono wakho uya kubuya.

Ezinye iimeko zikhokelela kwiimpawu ezifana nezo ze-ON. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa ukuhambelana kwe-tomography (OCT) okanye imaging resonance imaging (MRI) ukunceda ukufikelela kwisifo esichanekileyo.

I-ON ayisoloko ifuna unyango kwaye inokuziphilisa yodwa. Amayeza, anjengee-corticosteroids, anokunceda ukubuyisa ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwabantu abanamava e-ON banembono epheleleyo (okanye ephantse yagqitywa) yokubuyisela ngaphakathi kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kodwa kunokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukufezekisa umbono wokubuyiselwa.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-optic neuritis?

Kungenzeka ukuba ukhule ON ukuba:

• ungowasetyhini ophakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-45 ubudala
• uye wafumanisa ukuba une-multiple sclerosis (MS)
• uhlala kubude obuphezulu (umzekelo, eMantla eMelika, eNew Zealand)

Yintoni ebangela i-optic neuritis?

Unobangela we-ON awuqondwa kakuhle. Uninzi lweziganeko ziyi-idiopathic, oko kuthetha ukuba abanaso isizathu esichazayo. Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo saziwayo yi-MS. Ngapha koko, i-ON ihlala iluphawu lokuqala lwe-MS. I-ON inokubakho ngenxa yosulelo okanye impendulo yomzimba yokuvuvukala.

Izifo zemithambo-luvo ezinokubangela i-ON zibandakanya:

• NKSK
• i-neuromyelitis optica
• Isifo sikaSchilder (imeko engapheliyo yokudimazeka eqala ebuntwaneni)

Usulelo olunokubangela ON lubandakanya:

• uqwilikana
• imasisi
• isifo sephepha
• Isifo seLyme
• encephalitis wentsholongwane
• sinusitis
• meningitis
• amatyathanga

Ezinye izizathu ze-ON zibandakanya:

• sarcoidosis, isifo esibangela ukudumba kwizitho ezahlukeneyo nakwizihlunu
• Isifo i-Guillain-Barre syndrome, sisifo apho amajoni akho omzimba ahlasela inkqubo ye-nervous system
• Ukuphendula emva kokugonywa, impendulo yomzimba emva kokugonywa
• imichiza ethile okanye iziyobisi

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-optic neuritis?

Iimpawu ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-ON zezi:

• ukulahleka kombono kwiliso elinye, elinokwahluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima kwaye lihlale kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10
• iintlungu ze-periocular, okanye iintlungu ejikeleze iliso lakho zihlala zibi kukuhamba kwamehlo
• I-dyschromatopsia, okanye ukungakwazi ukubona imibala ngokuchanekileyo

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• I-photopsia, ukubona izibane ezidanyazayo (ecaleni) kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo
• utshintsho kwindlela umfundi asabela ngayo ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo
• Uhthoff's phenomenon (okanye uphawu luka-Uhthoff), xa umbono wamehlo esiba mandundu ngokwanda kweqondo lobushushu emzimbeni

Ichongwa njani i-optic neuritis?

Uvavanyo lomzimba, iimpawu, kunye nembali yezonyango zenza isiseko sokuchongwa kwe-ON. Ukuqinisekisa unyango oluchanekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukumisela unobangela we-ON yakho.

Iindidi zokugula ezinokubangela i-optic neuritis ibandakanya:

• isifo esichitha isifo, njenge-MS
• autoimmune neuropathies, ezinje ngenkqubo ye-lupus erythematosus
• iingxaki ze-neuropathies, ezifana ne-meningioma (uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo)
• iimeko ezivuthayo, ezifana ne-sarcoidosis
• usulelo, njenge-sinusitis

I-ON injengokudumba kwethambo le-optic. Iimeko ezineempawu ezifana ne-ON ezingadumbisi zibandakanya:

• i-ischemic optic neuropathy yangaphakathi
• I-leber ye-optic neuropathy

Ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwe-ON kunye ne-MS, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Iskena se-OCT, esijonga kwimithambo-luvo ngasemva kweliso lakho
• Ukuskena kwengqondo ye-MRI, esebenzisa umazibuthe kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza umfanekiso ocacileyo wengqondo yakho
• Ukuskena kwe-CT, okudala umfanekiso weX-reyi weengqondo zakho okanye amanye amalungu omzimba wakho

Luthini unyango lwe-optic neuritis?

Uninzi lwamatyala e-ON alulama ngaphandle konyango. Ukuba i-ON yakho sisiphumo sinye imeko, ukunyanga loo meko kuya kuhlala kusombulula i-ON.

Unyango lwe-ON lubandakanya:

• I-methylprednisolone efakwa ngaphakathi (IVMP)
• i-immunoglobulin efakwa ngaphakathi (IVIG)
• Inaliti ye-interferon

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-corticosteroids ezinje nge-IVMP kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinqabileyo ze-IVMP zibandakanya uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nepancreatitis.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwe-steroid zibandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• utshintsho oluchukumisayo
• isisu esibuhlungu

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-ON luya kuba nenxalenye yokugqibezela ukubuyiswa kombono kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12. Emva koko, amaxabiso okuphilisa ancipha kwaye umonakalo uhlala uhleli. Nokuba uphilile ngombono, uninzi luya kuhlala lunomlinganiselo owahlukileyo womonakalo kwimithambo-luvo yabo yokukhanya.

Iliso lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukujongana neempawu zokulumkisa ngomonakalo ongapheliyo nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba zibuyiselwe umva. Le miqondiso yesilumkiso ibandakanya umbono wakho usiya usiba ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini kwaye akukho phuculo emva kweeveki ezisibhozo.