Ngomlomo vs uNyango lwe-MS olunokuyitofa: Uyintoni umahluko?

Umxholo

• Ukukhetha ichiza le-MS
• Amayeza okuzitofa ngokwakho
• I-Avonex (i-interferon beta-1a)
• I-Betaseron (i-interferon beta-1b)
• ICopaxone (glatiramer acetate)
• I-Extavia (i-interferon beta-1b)
• IGlatopa (glatiramer acetate)
• I-Plegridy (i-interferon beta-1a ene-pegylated)
• I-Rebif (i-interferon beta-1a)
• Amayeza okufakwa ngaphakathi
• ILemtrada (alemtuzumab)
• IMitoxantrone hydrochloride
• I-Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)
• ITysabri (natalizumab)
• Amayeza omlomo
• IAubagio (teriflunomide)
• IGilenya (fingolimod)
• I-Tecfidera (i-dimethyl fumarate)
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) kukuphazamiseka komzimba apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela i-myelin egubungele imithambo-luvo yakho. Ekugqibeleni, oku kubangela ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo ngokwayo.

Akukho lunyango lwe-MS, kodwa unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Unyango oluguqula isifo (i-DMTs) luyilelwe ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ixesha elide, ukunciphisa ukubuyela umva, kunye nokuthintela umonakalo omtsha ukuba ungenzeki.

Ii-DMTs zinokuthathwa ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti. Inaliti zinokuthi zi-injowe ngokwakho ekhaya okanye zinikezwe njenge-infusvenous infusions kwimeko yezonyango.

Omabini amayeza omlomo kunye nenaliti anezibonelelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Uninzi luza nezilumkiso ezithile ezivela kuLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA).

Ukukhetha ichiza le-MS

Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usenza isigqibo phakathi komlomo kunye nonyango olwenziweyo. Umzekelo, amayeza omlomo athathwa yonke imihla, ngelixa uninzi lweyeza elingena ngenaliti luthathwa rhoqo.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukuba ulinganise umngcipheko ngokuchasene nezibonelelo kwaye uthathe isigqibo ngokhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukhetho lwakho lubalulekile ekukhetheni isicwangciso sonyango. Izinto ezibalulekileyo oya kufuna ukuzithathela ingqalelo zezi:

• ukusebenza kweyeza
• iziphumo zalo ebezingalindelekanga
• Ubuninzi beedosi
• indlela esetyenziselwa ukunyanga amayeza

Amayeza okuzitofa ngokwakho

Amayeza okuzitofa enza elona candelo likhulu le-DMTs. Zisetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elide lokuphindaphinda-ukukhupha i-MS (RRMS).

Ingcali yezonyango iya kukuqeqesha kwinkqubo yenaliti ukuze ukwazi ukulawula idosi yakho ngokukhuselekileyo. Uninzi lala mayeza anokubangela ubomvu, ukudumba, kunye nentlungu kwindawo yenaliti, ukongeza kwezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

I-Avonex (i-interferon beta-1a)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ineempawu zokulwa intsholongwane
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: veki nganye, inaliti yentsimbi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: intloko, iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: ii-enzyme zesibindi kunye nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (i-CBC) kunokufuna ukubekwa esweni

I-Betaseron (i-interferon beta-1b)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ineempawu zokulwa intsholongwane
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: Yonke imihla, inaliti engaphantsi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukubala kweeseli ezimhlophe ezisezantsi (WBC)
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: ii-enzyme zesibindi kunye ne-CBC zisenokufuna ukubekwa esweni

ICopaxone (glatiramer acetate)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iibhloko zihlasela i-myelin
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: yonke imihla okanye kathathu ngeveki, inaliti engaphantsi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: ukugungxula, ukuphefumla kancinci, irhashalala, iintlungu esifubeni
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: iisayithi zenaliti zinokufakwa ngokusisigxina ngenxa yokuba izicwili ezinamafutha zitshatyalalisiwe (ngenxa yoko, ukujikeleza ngononophelo kweendawo zenaliti kuyacetyiswa)

I-Extavia (i-interferon beta-1b)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ineempawu zokulwa intsholongwane
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: Yonke imihla, inaliti engaphantsi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: ii-enzyme zesibindi kunye ne-CBC zisenokufuna ukubekwa esweni

IGlatopa (glatiramer acetate)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iibhloko zihlasela i-myelin
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: Yonke imihla, inaliti engaphantsi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: ubomvu, ukudumba, iintlungu kwindawo yenaliti
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: iisayithi zenaliti zinokufakwa ngokusisigxina ngenxa yokuba izicwili ezinamafutha zitshatyalalisiwe (ngenxa yoko, ukujikeleza ngononophelo kweendawo zenaliti kuyacetyiswa)

I-Plegridy (i-interferon beta-1a ene-pegylated)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ineempawu zokulwa intsholongwane
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini, inaliti engaphantsi
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: ii-enzyme zesibindi zisenokufuna ukubekwa esweni

I-Rebif (i-interferon beta-1a)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ineempawu zokulwa intsholongwane
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kunye nendlela: kathathu ngeveki, inaliti ongama
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: ii-enzyme zesibindi zingadinga ukubekwa esweni

Amayeza okufakwa ngaphakathi

Olunye uhlobo lokhetho olunokutofa lokunyanga i-MS kukufakwa ngaphakathi. Endaweni yokungena kwinkqubo yakho ngaphakathi okanye nge-subcutaneous, i-infusions iya ngqo emthanjeni.

I-infusions kufuneka inikwe kwindawo yezonyango ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo. Iidosi azilawulwa rhoqo.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kungenisa umngcipheko wokwanda kosulelo ukongeza kwezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

I-Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) kuphela kwonyango olwamkelwe yi-FDA kubantu abane-MS ephambili ye-MS (PPMS). Ikwavunyiwe kwakhona ukunyanga iRRMS.

ILemtrada (alemtuzumab)

• Izibonelelo: icinezela iiseli zomzimba ezonakalisa i-myelin
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: yonke imihla kangangeentsuku ezintlanu; unyaka omnye kamva, yonke imihla kangangeentsuku ezintathu
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, intloko ebuhlungu, irhashalala, ukurhawuzelela
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela umhlaza kunye ne-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPT), isifo sokopha

IMitoxantrone hydrochloride

Eli yeza lifumaneka kuphela njengechiza elenza la machiza.

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nengcinezelo
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: kanye kwiinyanga ezintathu (umda wobomi we-8 ukuya kwi-12 infusions ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu)
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: ukulahleka kweenwele, isicaphucaphu, amenorrhea
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela ukonakala kwentliziyo kunye neleukemia; ilungele kuphela abantu abaneemeko ezinzima ze-RRMS, ngenxa yomngcipheko omkhulu weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

I-Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)

• Izibonelelo: Iithagethi ze-B, ezizii-WBCs ezonakalisa imithambo-luvo
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: iiveki ezimbini ngokwahlukeneyo kwiidosi zokuqala ezimbini; qho kwiinyanga ezintandathu kuwo onke amachaphaza amva
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, usulelo
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela umhlaza kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukusongela ukunyanzeliswa kokunyuswa kobomi

ITysabri (natalizumab)

• Izibonelelo: inqanda ukubambelela kwiimolekyuli, eziphazamisa amajoni omzimba
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: rhoqo kwiiveki ezine
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ukudinwa, ukudakumba, ubunzima besisu
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili kwe-leukoencephalopathy (PML) eqhubekayo, isifo esisifo sobuchopho esinokubulala

Amayeza omlomo

Ukuba awukhululekanga ngeenaliti, kukho iindlela zomlomo zokunyanga i-MS. Ithathwe yonke imihla okanye kabini ngemini, amayeza omlomo zezona zilula ukuzilawula kodwa zifuna ukuba ugcine ishedyuli yedosi eqhelekileyo.

IAubagio (teriflunomide)

• Izibonelelo: isebenza njengemodyuli yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, inqanda ukonakala kwentliziyo
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: yonke imihla
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Intloko, utshintsho kwesibindi (njengesibindi esandisiweyo okanye ii-enzyme zesibindi eziphakanyisiweyo), isicaphucaphu, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukubala kwe-WBC
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela ukonzakala okukhulu kwesibindi kunye neziphene zokuzalwa

IGilenya (fingolimod)

• Izibonelelo: kuthintela iiseli ze-T ekubeni zishiye ii-lymph node
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: yonke imihla
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ii-enzymes zesibindi eziphakanyisiweyo
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo

I-Tecfidera (i-dimethyl fumarate)

• Izibonelelo: inezinto ezichasayo, ikhusela imithambo-luvo kunye ne-myelin ekonakaleni
• Ukuhamba rhoqo: kabini yonke imihla
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokubandakanya: utshintsho lwesisu, ukunciphisa inani le-WBC, ii-enzyme zesibindi eziphakanyisiweyo
• Izilumkiso zibandakanya: kunokubangela ukungabikho komzimba, kuquka i-anaphylaxis

Ukuthatha

Injongo yonyango lwe-MS kukulawula iimpawu, ukulawula ukubuyela umva, kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ixesha elide.

Unyango lwe-MS olunezitofu luza ngeendlela ezimbini: ii-self-injectable kunye ne-infusions infusions. Uninzi lweenaliti akufuneki luthathwe rhoqo njengamayeza omlomo, athathwa yonke imihla.

Zonke iindlela zonyango ze-MS zinezibonelelo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nomngcipheko. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba uthathe unyango lwakho njengoko kumiselwe, nokuba loluphi unyango okulo.

Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zanele ukwenza ukuba ufune ukweqa unyango, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunceda ukhethe olona khetho lufanelekileyo kuwe.