Umhlaza we-Ovarian

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wesibeleko
• Oonobangela bomhlaza wesibeleko
• Iindidi zomhlaza wesibeleko
• I-epithelial carcinoma ye-ovary
• Izinto zofuzo
• Izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nokusinda okwandayo
• Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza esibelekweni se-ovary
• Unyango lomhlaza we-ovari
• Ugqirha
• Utyando oluphambili lwe-ovarian cancer
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lweempawu
• Ukuchonga umhlaza we-ovari
• Uqhaqho
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo
• Ukujonga imastastasis
• Umngcipheko womhlaza we-Ovarian
• Amanqanaba omhlaza we-ovari
• Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza kwi-Ovarian
• Ngaba umhlaza wesibeleko unokuthintelwa?
• Ukuxelwa komhlaza kwi-Ovarian
• Iribhoni yomhlaza we-Ovarian
• Izibalo zomhlaza we-Ovarian

Umhlaza we-Ovarian

Ii-ovari zincinci, izitho ezimile okweamangile ezibekwe ngapha nangapha kwesibeleko. Amaqanda aveliswa kwii-ovari. Umhlaza we-Ovarian unokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-ovary.

Umhlaza we-Ovarian ungaqala kwi-ovary's germ, stromal, okanye epithelial seli. Iiseli zentsholongwane ziiseli eziba ngamaqanda. Iiseli zeStromal zenza into ye-ovary. Iiseli ze-Epithelial ngumaleko ongaphandle we-ovary.

I-American Cancer Society iqikelela ukuba ama-22,240 abasetyhini bayakufunyaniswa benomhlaza we-ovari e-United States ngo-2018, kunye nokufa kwabantu abayi-14,070 kuya kwenzeka kolu hlobo lomhlaza kwi-2018. Malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke iimeko zenzeka kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-63.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesibeleko

Isigaba sokuqala somhlaza we-ovari sinokungabikho mpawu. Oko kunokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyifumana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa rhoqo
• ukuziva ukhawulezileyo xa usitya
• ubunzima bokutya
• Ukuchama rhoqo, ngokungxamisekileyo
• iintlungu okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwisisu okanye isinqe

Ezi mpawu ziqala ngesiquphe. Baziva behlukile ekwetyisweni okuqhelekileyo okanye kukungabikho exesheni. Kananjalo azihambi. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba le miqondiso yokuqala yomhlaza we-ovari inokuziva njani kwaye kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba ucinga ukuba unolu hlobo lomhlaza.

Ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza we-ovari zinokubandakanya:

• iintlungu ezisezantsi
• iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo
• ukuqhina
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukudinwa
• utshintsho kumjikelo wokuya exesheni
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukopha kwilungu lobufazi
• induna
• Umqolo obuhlungu okhulayo

Ukuba unezimpawu ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini, kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango.

Oonobangela bomhlaza wesibeleko

Abaphandi abakaqondi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba umhlaza we-ovari wenze. Imingcipheko eyahlukeneyo inokunyusa amathuba omfazi okuphuhlisa olu hlobo lomhlaza, kodwa ukuba nezo zinto zobungozi akuthethi ukuba uya kuba nomhlaza. Funda malunga nomngcipheko ngamnye kunye nendima yawo ekumiseleni umngcipheko womhlaza we-ovari.

Iifom zomhlaza xa iiseli emzimbeni ziqala ukukhula kwaye zanda ngokungaqhelekanga. Abaphandi abafunda umhlaza we-ovari bazama ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uguquko kwimfuza olunoxanduva lomhlaza.

Olu tshintsho lunokuzuzwa njengelifa kumzali okanye lunokufunyanwa. Oko kukuthi, zenzeka ngexesha lokudla kwakho ubomi.

Iindidi zomhlaza wesibeleko

I-epithelial carcinoma ye-ovary

I-Epithelial cell carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-ovari. Yenza iipesenti ezingama-85 ukuya kuma-89 zeekhensi zomhlaza. Ikwangunobangela wesine oqhelekileyo wokufa komhlaza kwabasetyhini.

Olu hlobo kaninzi alunazo iimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala. Uninzi lwabantu alufunyaniswa lude lufike kumanqanaba aphezulu esi sifo.

Izinto zofuzo

Olu hlobo lomhlaza we-ovari lunokuqhuba kwiintsapho kwaye luqheleke kakhulu kwabasetyhini abanembali yosapho:

• umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza webele
• Umhlaza wesibeleko ngaphandle komhlaza wamabele
• umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wekolon

Abasetyhini abanezihlobo ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu kwezihlobo zokuqala, njengomzali, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana, abanomhlaza we-ovari banomngcipheko omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nesidanga sokuqala nesihlobo somhlaza we-ovari kwandisa umngcipheko. "Imfuza yomhlaza wamabele" i-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 ikwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko womhlaza we-ovari.

Izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nokusinda okwandayo

Zininzi izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokuphila kwabasetyhini abane-epithelial carcinoma ye-ovary:

• ukufumana uxilongo kwinqanaba lokuqala
• ukuba mncinci
• ukuba nethumba elihluke kakuhle, okanye iiseli zomhlaza ezihlala zifana neeseli ezisempilweni
• ukuba nethumba elincinci ngexesha lokususwa
• ukuba nomhlaza obangelwa zii-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 zofuzo

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesibeleko

"Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesibeleko" ligama elichaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Ezi zomhlaza ziphuma kwiiseli ezenza amaqanda. Zihlala zenzeka kubafazi abancinci nakwishumi elivisayo kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abakuma-20s abo.

Le mihlaza inokuba nkulu, kwaye ithande ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, amathumba avelisa i-chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Oku kunokubangela uvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluchanekileyo.

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza uhlala unyangeka. Utyando lunyango lokuqala lonyango. I-Chemotherapy emva kotyando icetyiswa kakhulu.

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza esibelekweni se-ovary

I-Stromal cell cancer zivela kwiiseli zama-ovari. Ezinye zezi seli zivelisa iihomoni ze-ovari kubandakanya i-estrogen, iprogesterone, kunye ne testosterone.

Umhlaza weStromal somhlaza wama-ovari unqabile kwaye ukhula kancinci. Babhala i-estrogen kunye ne testosterone. Ukugqithisa kwe testosterone kunokubangela ukukhula kwamabala amabala ebusweni. Ukugqitha kwe-estrogen kunokubangela ukopha kwesibeleko. Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kakhulu.

Oku kwenza ukuba umhlaza weselfowuni ube sesichengeni sokuchongwa kwinqanaba lokuqala. Abantu abanomhlaza wesifo somhlaza bahlala benesimo esihle. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luhlala lulawulwa ngotyando.

Unyango lomhlaza we-ovari

Unyango lomhlaza we-ovari luxhomekeke kudidi, kwinqanaba, nokuba uyafuna ukuba nabantwana kwikamva.

Ugqirha

Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukumisela inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nokususa umhlaza.

Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha wakho wotyando uya kuzama ukususa zonke izicwili ezinomhlaza. Banokuthatha i-biopsy ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile. Ubungakanani botyando bunokuxhomekeka ekubeni uyafuna ukukhulelwa kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuba ufuna ukukhulelwa kwixa elizayo kwaye unenqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza, utyando lunokubandakanya:

• ukususwa kwe-ovary enomhlaza kunye ne-biopsy yelinye i-ovary
• ukususwa kwethambo elinamafutha, okanye i-omentum eqhotyoshelwe kwamanye amalungu esisu
• ukususwa kwesisu kunye ne-lymph node
• ii-biopsies zezinye izicubu kunye nokuqokelelwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kwesisu

Utyando oluphambili lwe-ovarian cancer

Utyando lubanzi ngakumbi ukuba awufuni kuba nabantwana. Unokufuna olunye uqhaqho ukuba unesiqendu 2, 3, okanye 4 somhlaza. Ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwazo zonke iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngumhlaza kunokuthintela ukuba ungakhulelwa kwixa elizayo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukususwa kwesibeleko
• ukususwa kokubini kwama-ovari kunye ne-fallopian tubes
• ukususwa kwe-omentum
• ukususwa kwezicubu ezininzi ezineseli zomhlaza kangangoko
• i-biopsies yazo naziphi na izicubu ezinokuba ngumhlaza

Unyango ngamayeza

Utyando luhlala lulandelwa yichemotherapy. Amayeza anokunikwa ngokufaka ngaphakathi okanye ngesisu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba unyango lwe-intraperitoneal. Imiphumo emibi ye-chemotherapy ingabandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukulahleka kweenwele
• ukudinwa
• iingxaki zokulala

Unyango lweempawu

Ngelixa ugqirha wakho elungiselela ukunyanga okanye ukususa umhlaza, unokufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo lweempawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza. Intlungu ayiqhelekanga ngomhlaza we-ovari.

Ithumba linokubeka uxinzelelo kumalungu akufuphi, izihlunu, imithambo-luvo kunye namathambo. Umkhulu umhlaza, kokukhona iintlungu zinokuqina.

Ubuhlungu bunokuba sisiphumo sonyango. I-Chemotherapy, i-radiation, kunye nokuhlinzwa kunokukushiya kwiintlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokulawula ngazo iintlungu zomhlaza we-ovari.

Ukuchonga umhlaza we-ovari

Ukuchonga umhlaza we-ovari kuqala ngembali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo lomzimba kufuneka lubandakanye uvavanyo lwe-pelvic kunye ne-rectal. Uvavanyo lwegazi olunye okanye nangaphezulu lunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa le meko.

Uvavanyo lwepap smear lonyaka aluwuboni umhlaza we-ovari. Uvavanyo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza we-ovari lubandakanya:

• ubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza we-antigen 125 kumanqanaba, anokuphakanyiswa ukuba unomdlavuza we-ovari
• uvavanyo kumanqanaba e-HCG, anokuphakanyiswa ukuba unesisu sentsholongwane
• uvavanyo lwe-alpha-fetoprotein, olunokuthi luveliswe ziintsholongwane zeseli zentsholongwane
• uvavanyo lwamanqanaba e-lactate dehydrogenase, anokuphakanyiswa ukuba unesisu sentsholongwane
• Uvavanyo lwe-inhibin, estrogen, kunye namanqanaba e testosterone, anokuphakanyiswa ukuba une-stromal cell tumor
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi ukumisela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wezintso ukumisela ukuba umhlaza uthintele ukuhamba komchamo wakho okanye usasazeke kwisinyi nakwizintso

Olunye uphononongo lokuqonda isifo lunokusetyenziselwa ukukhangela imiqondiso yomhlaza we-ovari:

Uqhaqho

I-biopsy ibalulekile ekumiseleni ukuba ngaba umhlaza ukhona. Ngexesha lenkqubo, kuthathwa iisampulu ezincinci zethishu kwii-ovari ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.

Oku kunokwenziwa ngenaliti ekhokelwa yi-CT scan okanye nge-ultrasound. Inokwenziwa kwakhona nge-laparoscope. Ukuba ulwelo esiswini lukhona, isampulu inokuvavanywa kwiiseli ezinomhlaza.

Ukujonga iimvavanyo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lokucinga olunokujonga utshintsho kwii-ovari nakwamanye amalungu abangelwa ngumhlaza. Oku kubandakanya ukuskena kwe-CT, iMRI, kunye nokuvavanywa kwePET.

Ukujonga imastastasis

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela umhlaza we-ovari, banoku-odola ezinye iimvavanyo ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kwamanye amalungu. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lokuchama lunokwenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo okanye igazi kumchamo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa umhlaza usasazeka kwisinyi nakwizintso.
• I-X-ray yesifuba inokwenziwa ukukhangela xa amathumba athe saa kwimiphunga.
• I-enema ye-barium inokwenziwa ukubona ukuba i-tumor isasazekile kwikholoni okanye kwi-rectum.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza we-ovari rhoqo akukhuthazwa. Okwangoku, iingcali zonyango zikholelwa ukuba zibuyisa iziphumo ezininzi ezingezizo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unembali yosapho yesifuba, i-ovari, ityhubhu ye-fallopian, okanye umhlaza we-peritoneal, unokufuna ukuvavanywa kutshintsho oluthile kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Thatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba ukuhlolwa komhlaza we-ovari kukulungele.

Umngcipheko womhlaza we-Ovarian

Ngelixa imbangela yomhlaza we-ovari ingaziwa, abaphandi bafumanise uninzi lomngcipheko onokuthi wandise umngcipheko wokukhula kolu hlobo lomhlaza. Ziquka:

• Imfuza: Ukuba unembali yosapho ye-ovarian, isifuba, ityhubhu, okanye umhlaza ongathandabuzekiyo, umngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza we-ovari uphezulu. Kungenxa yokuba abaphandi bafumanise utshintsho oluthile kwimfuza olunoxanduva lwezi mhlaza. Zingadluliselwa zisuka kumzali ziye emntwaneni.
• Imbali yonyango lomntu: Ukuba unembali yobuqu yomhlaza wamabele, umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko uphezulu. Ngokunjalo, ukuba uye wafunyaniswa uneemeko ezithile zenkqubo yokuzala, amathuba okuba nomhlaza we-ovari aphezulu. Ezi meko zibandakanya i-polycystic ovary syndrome kunye ne-endometriosis, phakathi kwabanye.
• Imbali yokuzala: Abasetyhini abasebenzisa ulawulo lokuzalwa eneneni banomngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza we-ovari, kodwa abasetyhini abasebenzisa iziyobisi zokuchuma banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngokufanayo, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabancancisayo iintsana zabo banokuba nomngcipheko ophantsi, kodwa abasetyhini abangazange bakhulelwe basemngciphekweni owandayo.
• Ubudala: Umhlaza wesibeleko uxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abadala; kunqabile ukuba kufunyanwe kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40. Ngapha koko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumaneke unomdlavuza wesibeleko emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni.
• Ubuhlanga: Abasetyhini abamhlophe abangabemi baseSpain banomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesibeleko. Bayalandelwa ngabafazi abangamaSpanishi nabafazi abamnyama.
• Ubungakanani bomzimba: Abasetyhini abanesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba ngaphezulu kwama-30 banomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza we-ovari.

Amanqanaba omhlaza we-ovari

Inqanaba lomhlaza we-ovari limiselwa zizinto ezintathu:

• ubukhulu bethumba
• ingaba i-tumor ingenele izicubu kwi-ovary okanye kwizicubu ezikufutshane
• ingaba umhlaza usasazekile nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba

Nje ukuba ezi zinto zaziwe, umhlaza we-ovary uhlelwe ngokwezi nqobo zilandelayo:

• Umhlaza wamanqanaba oku-1 uvalelwe kwelinye okanye kuzo zombini ii-ovari.
• Umhlaza webakala 2 uvalelwe esinqeni.
• Umhlaza webakala 3 usasazekile esiswini.
• Umhlaza webakala 4 usasazekile ngaphandle kwesisu okanye kwamanye amalungu aqinileyo.

Kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho iziqendwana. Ezi ndawo zixelela ugqirha wakho ngakumbi ngomhlaza wakho. Umzekelo, inqanaba loku-1A lomhlaza we-ovari ngumhlaza oye wakhula kwi-ovary enye kuphela. Inqanaba 1B Umhlaza ukuzo zombini ii-ovari. Isigaba ngasinye somhlaza sinentsingiselo ethile kunye nembonakalo eyahlukileyo.

Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza kwi-Ovarian

Amanqanaba okusinda abonisa ukuba bangaphi abantu abanoluhlobo lunye lomhlaza abaphilayo emva kwexesha elithile. Uninzi lwamazinga okusinda asekwe kwiminyaka emihlanu. Ngelixa la manani engakuxeleli ukuba ungaphila ixesha elingakanani, ayakunika umbono wokuba uphumelele kangakanani unyango lohlobo oluthile lomhlaza.

Kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-ovari, inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu liipesenti ezingama-47. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza we-ovari ufunyenwe kwaye uphathwe ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke ngaphandle kwama-ovari, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu liipesenti ezingama-92.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphantsi kwekota enye, iipesenti ezili-15, zazo zonke i-cancer ze-ovari zifumaneka kweli nqanaba lokuqala. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokujonga komntu ngamnye kuhlobo ngalunye kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza we-ovari.

Ngaba umhlaza wesibeleko unokuthintelwa?

Umhlaza we-Ovarian awufane ubonakalise iimpawu kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, ayisoloko ifunyanwa de ibe iqhubele phambili ngokwamanqanaba aphezulu. Okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela umhlaza we-ovari, kodwa oogqirha bayazazi izinto ezinciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-ovari.

Ezi zinto zibandakanya:

• ukuthatha iipilisi zokulawula inzala
• emva kokuzala
• ukuncancisa
• i-tubal ligation (ekwabizwa ngokuba "kukubopha iityhubhu zakho")
• isibeleko

I-Tubal ligation kunye ne-hysterectomy kufuneka yenziwe kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zonyango ezifanelekileyo. Kweminye, izizathu ezifanelekileyo zonyango zinokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-ovari. Nangona kunjalo, wena kunye nogqirha wakho kufuneka nixoxe ngezinye iindlela zokuthintela kuqala.

Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuvavanywa kwangoko komhlaza we-ovari ukuba unembali yosapho. Ukutshintsha kwemfuza ethile kunokukubeka emngciphekweni womhlaza we-ovari kamva. Ukwazi ukuba unolu tshintsho kunokukunceda wena nogqirha ukuba nihlale nilumkele utshintsho.

Ukuxelwa komhlaza kwi-Ovarian

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kwabantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza we-ovari kuxhomekeke kwindlela umhlaza oqhubele phambili ngayo xa ufumanekile kwaye unyango lusebenza njani. Inqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza unesifo esibonakalayo esingcono kunesomhlaza emva kwexesha lomhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, ziipesenti ezili-15 kuphela zomhlaza womhlaza eziye zafunyanwa kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-80 zabasetyhini abanomhlaza we-ovari abafunyaniswa xa umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphambili.

Iribhoni yomhlaza we-Ovarian

NgeyoMsintsi yinyanga yokwazisa ngomhlaza wesibeleko kwi-Ovarian. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, unokwazi ukubona abantu abaninzi abanxibe iti, umbala osemthethweni wokuhamba komhlaza we-ovari. Iirebhoni zeti ziyimpawu yokwazisa ngomhlaza we-ovari.

Izibalo zomhlaza we-Ovarian

Ngelixa ii-ovari zisenokuba lilungu elinye, ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeentlobo zomhlaza we-ovari ezikhoyo. Bahlulwe ngohlobo lweseli apho umhlaza uqala khona, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-ovari sisifo se-epithelial tumors. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-85 zomhlaza wesibeleko kuqala ukukhula kwiiseli ezibeke icandelo elingaphandle lama-ovari.

Umhlaza we-Ovarian ukwindawo yesihlanu phakathi kokubulawa ngumhlaza kwabasetyhini baseMelika. Kubangela ukusweleka okungaphezulu kwawo nawuphi na omnye umhlaza wenkqubo yamabhinqa yokuzala.

Omnye kwabasetyhini abangama-78 uya kufunyaniswa enomhlaza we-ovari ebomini babo.

Abafazi asebekhulile kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane umhlaza we-ovari. Umyinge weminyaka yokufumanisa isifo somhlaza kwi-ovari uneminyaka engama-63 ubudala.

Kuphela ziipesenti ezili-15 zamatyala omhlaza we-ovari afunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Abasetyhini abanesifo somhlaza esifunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuqala baneminyaka emihlanu yokuphila kwiipesenti ezingama-92. Kuzo zonke iintlobo kunye namanqanaba omhlaza, iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwesihlobo ngama-47 epesenti.

Kwi-2018, i-22,240 iya kufunyaniswa inomhlaza we-ovari. Abanye abayi-14,070 baya kufa kolu hlobo lomhlaza.

Ngombulelo, iAmerican Cancer Society ithi inqanaba apho abantu ababhinqileyo abafunyaniswa benolu hlobo lomhlaza sele liwile kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngubani onokuthi afumaneke ukuba unomdlavuza we-ovari, indlela unyango oluyimpumelelo ngayo, kunye nokunye.