Ngaba i-anemia enobungozi ingaba sisizathu sokuba udinwe kangaka?

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-anemia eyingozi?
• Ixhaphake kangakanani ianemia eyingozi?
• Iimpawu ezinobungozi ze-Anemia
• Izizathu zokungabikho kwegazi
• Unyango lwe-Anemia
• Uphengululo lwe

Inyaniso: Ukuziva udiniwe apha kwaye kukho inxalenye yokuba ngumntu. Ukudinwa okungapheliyo, nangona kunjalo, kunokuba ngumqondiso wesimo sempilo esisisiseko-kubandakanya into ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia eyingozi.

Mhlawumbi uqhelene ne-anemia, imeko eqhelekileyo ebonakaliswe ngokungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinokubangela ukudinwa okukhulu, isiyezi, kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane.

I-anemia enobungozi, kwelinye icala, yingxaki yegazi enqabileyo apho umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo i-vitamin B12, i-vitamin efunekayo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinempilo, ngokutsho kweNational Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Ngokufana ne-anemia, i-anemia eyingozi ikakhulu ibonakaliswa kukudinwa okungapheliyo, phakathi kwezinye iimpawu, kodwa ukuxilonga i-anemia eyingozi kuhlala kunzima.

Kwimeko yenqaku: Umqeqeshi osaziwayo uHarley Pasternak kutshanje uvule malunga namava akhe nge-anemia eyingozi. "Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, bendidiniwe, kwaye andifumananga ukuba yintoni ephosakeleyo- nditya kakuhle, ndiyazilolonga, ndizama ukulala kakuhle, utshilo kwividiyo ye-Instagram. "Ndenze uvavanyo lwegazi, kwaye kwabonisa ukuba bendingenayo ivithamini B12 emzimbeni wam," ngaphandle kokutya rhoqo ukutya okuphezulu kwi-B12, ucacisile uPasternak.

Emva kokufumana ezo ziphumo, uPasternak wathi wanyusa ukutya kwakhe kwe-B12 ngokusebenzisa izongezo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-B12 yokutshiza ukuya kwiipilisi ze-B12. Kodwa uvavanyo lwegazi olulandelayo lwabonisa ukuba nangoku "wayengenayo i-B12 emzimbeni [wakhe]," kwabelwana ngePasternak. Kwavela ukuba, une-anemia eyingozi, kwaye imeko yayithintela umzimba wakhe ukuba ufunxe kwaye usebenzise i-B12, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wongezelela kangakanani kwaye watya kangakanani, wachaza. (Idibeneyo: Ngaba ukusilela kweVitamin kungawonakalisa umsebenzi wakho?)

Ngezantsi, iingcali zichaza yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga ne-anemia enobungozi, ukusuka kwinto enokubangela ukuba imeko ibe yindlela yokuphatha ngayo.

Yintoni i-anemia eyingozi?

I-anemia eyothusayo yenzeka xa umzimba wakho ungenako ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo kuba ayinakho ukusebenzisa ivithamini B12 oyityayo, ngokweNational Heart, Lung, kunye neGazi Institute (NHLBI). Ifunyenwe kubisi, amaqanda, iintlanzi, iinkukhu, kunye nokutya okuqinileyo, i-vitamin B12 ibalulekile ekugcineni amandla akho. (Ngakumbi apha: Kutheni iiVithamini ze-B ziyiMfihlo kuMandla amaninzi)

Nge-anemia eyingozi, umzimba wakho awunakufumana i-vitamin B12 eyaneleyo ekutyeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuyenzeka kuba umzimba wakho awunanto yangaphakathi, iprotein eyenziwe esiswini, ngokwe-NHLBI. Ngenxa yoko, uphelelwa yi-vitamin B12.

FWIW, ezinye iimeko zinokubangela ukunqongophala kwevithamin B12, ngoko ke i-anemia eyingozi ayikuko ukuxilongwa ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba une-B12 ephantsi. "Ukuba yi-vegan kwaye ungathathi ngokwaneleyo i-B12 kwisidlo sakho, ukwenza utyando lwesisu ngokudlula emzimbeni, ukwanda kwebhakteria emathunjini, amayeza anje ngeyeza le-asidi ye-reflux, i-metformin yesifo seswekile, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza" konke kunokubangela ukusilela kwe-vitamin B12. Utshilo uSandy Kotiah, MD, ugqirha wegazi, oncologist, kunye nomlawuli weZiko leThumba leNeuroendocrine kwiziko lonyango iMercy eBaltimore. (Idibeneyo: 10 Iimpazamo zesondlo iiVegans zenza- kunye nendlela yokuzilungisa)

Ixhaphake kangakanani ianemia eyingozi?

I-anemia enobungozi ithathwa njengemeko enqabileyo, ngoko kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bangaphi abantu abayifumanayo.

Enye into, akukho "mvumelwano yokwenyani" kuluntu lwezonyango kwinto ebaluleke njengokusilela kwe-vitamin B12, ngokutsho kwePernicious Anemia Society (PAS). Oko kwathiwa, iphepha le-2015 elipapashwe kwiphephancwadi Unyango lweklinikhi uqikelela ukuba ukusilela kwe-vitamin B12 kuchaphazela ubuncinci iipesenti ezi-3 zabantu abadala base-US abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-39 ubudala, iipesenti ezi-4 zabo baphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nama-59 ubudala, kunye neepesenti ezi-6 zabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Kwakhona, nangona kunjalo, i-anemia eyingozi ayinatyala kuzo zonke ezi meko.

Kukwanzima ukwazi ukuba bangaphi abantu abane-anemia eyingozi kuba uvavanyo lwe-intrinsic factor, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Intrinsic Factor Antibody Test, lumalunga neepesenti ezingama-50 ezichanekileyo, ngokwe-PAS. Oku kungenxa yokuba phantse isiqingatha sabo bane-anemia eyingozi abanazo izilwa-buhlungu ze-intrinsic factor, ngokutsho kweAmerican Association for Clinical Chemistry.

Ngayo yonke loo nto engqondweni, uphando lubonisa ukuba imeko inokuthi ichaphazele nje iipesenti ezi-0.1 zoluntu ngokubanzi kwaye phantse iipesenti ezi-2 zabantu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60. Ke, ngelixa kunokwenzeka, akufuneki utsibe ukucinga ukuba ukukhathala kwakho kubangelwa yi-anemia eyingozi.

Iimpawu ezinobungozi ze-Anemia

Abanye abantu abane-anemia eyingozi abayi kuba nazimpawu, zincinci kakhulu iimpawu, okanye, kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu azizukuvela kude kube semva kweminyaka engama-30, ngokweThala leLizwe lezeMpilo. Akukacaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni, kodwa ukuqala kwe-anemia enobungozi kuhlala kucotha kwaye kunokuthatha amashumi eminyaka, kungoko kutheni iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kude kube kamva, ngokwe-NORD.

"Kungathatha iminyaka emininzi ukuba iimpawu zikhule, kuxhomekeke kwivenkile zakho zokuqala zevithamini B12," utshilo uJack Jacoub, MD, ugqirha wegazi kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza, kunye nomlawuli wezonyango we-MemorialCare Cancer Institute e-Orange Coast Medical Centre eFountain Valley, California. "Kodwa iimpawu zihlala zingaphaya kokudinwa." (Eyeleleneyo: I-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ingaphezulu kunokudinwa ngokwenyani ngalo lonke ixesha)

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Urhudo okanye ukuqhina
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubumhlophe obukhanyayo xa umile okanye ngokuzimisela
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ulusu oluthuthu
• Ukuphefumla kancinci, ubukhulu becala ngexesha lokuzilolonga
• Isitshisa
• Ulwimi oludumbileyo, olubomvu okanye iintsini ezophayo (i-pernicious anemia ulwimi)

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-anemia eyingozi inokubangela ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kwaye inokukhokelela kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, ngokutsho kweThala leeNcwadi leSizwe leMithi:

• Ukudideka
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukulahlekelwa kwibhalansi
• Ubudenge nokutswina ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuba nemibono
• Inkohliso
• I-optic nerve atrophy (imeko ebangela ukungaboni kakuhle)

Izizathu zokungabikho kwegazi

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo ezinokukhokelela kwi-anemia eyingozi, ngokutsho kwe-NHLBI:

• Ukunqongophala kwento engaphakathi. Xa une-anemia eyingozi, umzimba wakho wenza izilwa-buhlungu ezihlasela zize zitshabalalise iiseli zeparietali, ezibeka isisu sakho kunye nokwenza into yangaphakathi. (Iingcali zithi akwaziwa ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka.) Ngaphandle kwento engaphakathi, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuhambisa ivithamin B12 kuthumbu oluncinci, apho ifunxa khona, kwaye ekugqibeleni uvelisa ukusilela kwe-B12 kwaye, emva koko, i-anemia eyingozi.
• I-Malabsorption kumathumbu amancinci. I-anemia enobungozi inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ithumbu elincinci alinakufumana ngokufanelekileyo i-vitamin B12. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yebhaktheriya ethile emathunjini amancinci, iimeko eziphazamisa ukuxutywa kwe-B12 (njengesifo se-celiac), amayeza athile, ukususwa kwengxenye okanye onke amathumbu amancinci, okanye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, usulelo lwe-tapeworm .
• Ukutya okungekho B12. I-NHLBI ithi ukutya "akuqhelekanga" kubangela i-anemia eyingozi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha idlala indima, ngakumbi "kubantu abatya inyama ngokungqongqo" kunye nemifuno engathathi vithamini B12.

Unyango lwe-Anemia

Kwakhona, ukutya ngamaxesha athile idlala indima kwi-anemia eyingozi, kodwa ubukhulu becala, unyango alunakusebenza ukuba kunjalo nje ukutya ngakumbi ivithamin B12 okanye ukuthatha isongezelelo njengoko oko kungenzi ukuba izondlo zifumaneke ngakumbi. "Ukusilela kwe-B12 kwi-anemia eyingozi [kuhlala] kubangelwa zii-autoantibodies ezithintela ukufunxa okwaneleyo kwe-B12 emathunjini amancinci," ucacisa uAmanda Kaveney, MD, isekela likanjingalwazi we-hematology kwiYunivesithi yaseRutgers- kwisikolo sezonyango iRobert Wood Johnson. (Idibeneyo: Iimpawu zeVitamin D ezisezantsi wonke umntu kufuneka azi malunga nazo)

"Ukuzama ukoyisa ukusilela kwe-B12 ngokuthatha ngaphezulu kwe-B12 akusoloko kunceda kuba unengxaki yokufunxa," wongeza uGqirha uJacoub.

Endaweni yoko, unyango luya kuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya into ebangela i-anemia yakho enobungozi kwindawo yokuqala, ngokutsho kwe-NHLBI. Ngokubanzi, iLayibrari yeSizwe yoNyango ithi unyango lwe-anemia oluyingozi luhlala lubandakanya:

• Udubulo lwenyanga lwevithamini B12; iinaliti ze-B12 zinceda ukudlula imiqobo enokubakho ekufunxeni. (Abantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi e-B12 banokufuna ukubethwa rhoqo rhoqo kunyango.)
• Ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, abanye abantu babona impumelelo emva kokuthatha iidosi ezinkulu kakhulu zevithamini B12 ngomlomo. "Kukho idatha yokubonisa ukuba ukuba uthatha umthamo ophezulu ngokwaneleyo we-vitamin B12 - i-2,000 micrograms [phantsi kolwimi], umzekelo - kwaye uthatha inani elincinci laloo dosi, ukuba inokulungisa amanqanaba akho e-vitamin B12," utsho. UGqr. Kotiah. (Ngokomxholo, isixa esicetyiswayo semihla ngemihla sevithamini B-12 yi-2.4 micrograms kuphela.)
• Ukuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwe-vitamin B12 nge-nasal spray (indlela ebonakalisiweyo yokwenza i-vitamin ifumaneke ngakumbi kwezinye iimeko).

Undoqo: Ukudinwa rhoqo akuqhelekanga. Akunakuba ngenxa ye-anemia enobungozi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba, kuyafaneleka ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Banokuthi baqhube uvavanyo lwegazi ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni, kwaye bathathe izinto apho.

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