Zithini iiPeyer's Patches?

Umxholo

• Ingcaciso
• Bafumaneka phi?
• Yintoni umsebenzi wabo?
• Impendulo kusulelo
• Ukunyamezelana komzimba ngomlomo
• Imiqathango ebandakanya iipatches zikaPeyer
• Usulelo lwebhakteria
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane
• Isifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis
• Izifo zePrion
• Umgca wezantsi

Ingcaciso

Iimpawu zePeyer zingamaqela eefollic follicles kwi-mucus membrane ebeka amathumbu akho amancinci. Iifollic follicles zizitho ezincinci kwinkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic efana ne-lymph nodes.

Inkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic yenziwe ngezicubu kunye namalungu aneeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo. I-spleen, umongo wethambo, kunye ne-lymph node zonke ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic.

Iimpawu zePeyer zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugadweni kwamajoni omzimba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yakho yokwetyisa. Ukuqwalaselwa kwamajoni omzimba kubhekisa kwinkqubo apho amajoni akho omzimba abona kwaye atshabalalise izifo ezinokubakho.

Bafumaneka phi?

Iimpawu zePeyer zibekwe emathunjini akho amancinci, zihlala kwindawo ye-ileum. Iileum sisabelo sokugqibela samathumbu akho amancinci. Ukongeza ekucoleni ukutya okutyayo, ileile ikwafunxa amanzi kunye nezakha mzimba kukutya.

Uninzi lwabantu luphakathi kwama-30 kunye nama-40 ama-Peyer's patches, kwaye abantu abancinci bahlala banabantu abangaphezulu kunabantu abadala. kholelwa kwinani leempawu zikaPeyer kwiincopho zakho ze-ileum kwii-20s zakho.

Ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokusasazwa ngokubanzi kwamaphetshana kaPeyer kuyahluka kuye komnye umntu.

Yintoni umsebenzi wabo?

Iimpawu zikaPeyer zinemisebenzi emibini ebalulekileyo enxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nendlela ephendula ngayo kwizifo ezinokubakho.

Impendulo kusulelo

Iimpawu zePeyer ziqulathe iintlobo zeeseli zomzimba, kubandakanya ii-macrophage, iiseli zedendritic, iiseli ze-T, kunye neeseli ze-B. Kukwakho iiseli ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-M cells, ecaleni kwee-Peyer's patches zakho. Ezi seli ze-M zondla iiantigen kwii-macrophage kunye neeseli zedendritic zemigca yakho yePeyer. I-antigen yinto, enjenge-virus, enokuvelisa impendulo kumzimba wakho womzimba.

Ii-macrophages kunye neeseli zedendritic emva koko zibonise ezi antijeni kwiiseli zakho ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B, ezichonga ukuba ingaba i-antigen ifuna impendulo yomzimba. Ukuba bayayiqonda i-antigen njenge-pathogen eyingozi, iiseli ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B ezikwi-Peyer's patches yakho zibonisa amajoni akho omzimba ukuba awuhlasele.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iibacteria kunye neentsholongwane zinokuqhekeza le ndlela kwaye ziyisebenzise ukungena kuwo wonke umzimba wakho ngamathumbu amancinci.

Ukunyamezelana komzimba ngomlomo

Yonke into oyityayo ekugqibeleni yenza indlela eya emathunjini akho amancinci. Umzimba wakho awukuqapheli ukutya njengezinto zangaphandle ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba kukunyamezelana komzimba. Oku kubhekisa kuthintelo lweempendulo zomzimba kumajoni athile. Iimpawu zakho zePeyer zihlala zisampulu yezinto ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho amancinci, ngenxa yoko zinokudlala indima ekumiseleni ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifuna impendulo yomzimba.

Akukho mntu uqinisekileyo malunga nendima ngqo yemigca kaPeyer kule nkqubo. Uqaphele isifundo esichaphazelekayo esibandakanya iimpuku. Iimpuku ezinokuphungulwa kophuhliso lwe-Peyer's patch zazinexesha elinzima lokunyamezela iiprotein njengabantu abadala, kodwa hayi ezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olufanayo luye lwaphawula ukuba ezinye izifundo ziye zagqiba kwelokuba ukungabinamabala kaPeyer akubonakali kuchaphazela ukunyamezelana komzimba.

Iimpawu zikaPeyer kusenokwenzeka ukuba zidlale uhlobo lwendima ekuphuhliseni ukunyamezelana komzimba ngomlomo, kodwa abaphandi basazifumana iinkcukacha.

Imiqathango ebandakanya iipatches zikaPeyer

Usulelo lwebhakteria

Iindidi zebacteria zinokuhlasela umzimba wakho ngokujolisa iiseli ze-M kunye neepeyile zikaPeyer. Umzekelo, u-2010 uqaphele ukuba IListeria monocytogenes, ebangela i-listeria, inxibelelana neeseli ze-M kunye neepeyile zikaPeyer. Inkqubo ye- L. monocytogenes Iibhaktheriya zinako:

• fuduka ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa iiseli ze-M kwaye uhambe ngokukhawuleza ungene kwizikhonkwane zeempuku zikaPeyer
• phinda phakathi kweempawu zikaPeyer
• ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwii-patches zePeyer ukuya kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi

Ezinye iintlobo zebhakteria ezaziwa ngokwenza oku zibandakanya i-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, ebangela E. coli izifo, kunye ISalmonella typhimurium, ezinokubangela ityhefu ekutyeni.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Iintsholongwane zingasebenzisa iiseli ze-M ukufaka ii-Peyer's patches zakho kwaye ziqale ukuphindaphinda. Umzekelo, uqaphele ukuba ipoliyo, ebangela ipoliyo, ikhetha ukuziphindaphinda emathunjini akho amancinci.

Ezinye iintsholongwane ezaziwa ngokwenza oku zibandakanya i-HIV-1, ebangela olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-HIV.

Isifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis

Isifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis ziindidi ezimbini zesifo sokukrala kwamathumbu. Isifo sikaCrohn sihlala sibandakanya ukudumba kwe-ileum yakho, ngelixa ulcerative colitis ihlala ibandakanya ikholoni yakho.

Abantu abanazo kwaye bathanda ukuba nezilonda okanye zijikeleze ii-Peyer's patches zabo, becebisa ukuba kungenzeka badlale indima kuphuhliso lwezi meko.

Izifo zePrion

Iiprions zizifo ezinokutshintsha ukumila okanye ubume beeproteni, ngakumbi ezo zisengqondweni. Iimeko ezibandakanya iipron ziyaziwa njengezifo ze-prion. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo sisifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba sibangelwa sisilo esinye esinoxanduva lwezifo zeenkomo eziphambeneyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ii-prions zityiwa kukutya, ke zihlala zingena emathunjini akho amancinci ngaphambi kokufumana amanye amalungu omzimba wakho, anje ngengqondo yakho. Abanye bafumene inani elikhulu lee-prion kwii-Peyer's patches zeentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ukongeza, iimpuku ezinamabala amancinci kaPeyer zibonakala ngathi zizifo ze-prion.

Umgca wezantsi

Iimpawu zePeyer ziindawo ezincinci emathunjini akho amancinci, ngakumbi icandelo elisezantsi. Ngokudibana neeseli ze-M, badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni ii-pathogen kwindawo yakho yokwetyisa. Nangona kunjalo, iziqwengana zikaPeyer zisenokudlala indima ekuphuhlisweni kweemeko ezininzi, kubandakanya izifo zesisu ezivuthayo, nangona le ndima ingekaqondwa kakuhle okwangoku.