Umbhali: Lewis Jackson
Umhla Wokudalwa: 13 Ucanzibe 2021
Hlaziya Umhla: 17 Eyenkanga 2024
Anonim
#12 then squints his eyes, no. What to do? Periodic strabismus.
Ividiyo: #12 then squints his eyes, no. What to do? Periodic strabismus.

Umxholo

Indlela eyahlukileyo yokulwa neentsholongwane

Unyango lwe-Phage (PT) lukwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwe-bacteriophage. Isebenzisa iintsholongwane ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria. Iintsholongwane zentsholongwane zibizwa ngokuba zii-phages okanye ii-bacteriophages. Bahlasela iintsholongwane kuphela; Iipheji azinabungozi ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo.

Iibacteriophages ziintshaba zendalo zebhaktheriya. Igama elithi bacteriophage lithetha “umtya webhaktiriya.” Zifumaneka emhlabeni, kumjelo wamanzi amdaka, emanzini nakwezinye iindawo ezihlala khona. Ezi ntsholongwane zinceda ukugcina ukukhula kweentsholongwane kujonge kwindalo.

Unyango lwe-Phage lunokuvakala lutsha, kodwa sele lusetyenzisiwe iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, unyango alwaziwa kakuhle. Olunye uphando luyafuneka kwiibacteriophages. Olu nyango lwebhakteria ebangela izifo lunokuba lolunye uncedo oluncedo kwii-antibiotics.

Isebenza njani unyango lwe-phage

Iibacteriophages zibulala iintsholongwane ngokuzenza zigqabhuke okanye zihlasele. Oku kwenzeka xa intsholongwane ibophelela kwintsholongwane. Intsholongwane ichaphazela iintsholongwane ngokufaka inaliti yemfuza (iDNA okanye iRNA).

Intsholongwane ye-phage ikopi ngokwayo (ivelisa kwakhona) ngaphakathi kwintsholongwane. Oku kungenza iintsholongwane ezintsha kwibacteria nganye. Okokugqibela, intsholongwane iqhekeza ibacteria, ikhuphe iibacteriophages ezintsha.


Iibacteriophages zinokuphindaphindeka kwaye zikhule ngaphakathi kwintsholongwane.Nje ukuba zonke iibacteria zifakwe lys (zifile), ziyayeka ukwanda. Njengezinye iintsholongwane, ii-phages zinokulala zingalali (kwi-hibernation) kude kuvele ezinye iintsholongwane.

Unyango lwe-Phage vs.

I-Antibiotic ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-bacterials. Zezona ziluhlobo lonyango zixhaphakileyo kusuleleko ziintsholongwane. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngamachiza okanye iziyobisi ezitshabalalisa iintsholongwane emzimbeni wakho.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asindisa ubomi kwaye athintela izifo ukuba zisasazeke. Nangona kunjalo, banokubangela iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ahlasela ngaphezu kolunye lweebhaktheriya

Oku kuthetha ukuba banokubulala zombini iintsholongwane ezimbi kunye ezilungileyo emzimbeni wakho. Umzimba wakho ufuna iintlobo ezithile zebacteria ukukunceda ukwetyise ukutya, wenze izakha mzimba, kwaye uhlale usempilweni.

Iibhaktheriya ezilungileyo zikwanceda ukuyeka ezinye iintsholongwane, intsholongwane, kunye nosulelo lomngundo ekukhuleni emzimbeni wakho. Kungenxa yoko le nto ii-antibiotics zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje:

  • isisu esimoshakele
  • isicaphucaphu nokugabha
  • ukuxinana
  • Ukuqunjelwa kunye nokugcwala
  • urhudo
  • usulelo lwegwele

2. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angakhokelela “kwii-superbugs”

Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokuma, ezinye iibhaktiriya ziyaxhathisa okanye zikhuseleke kunyango lwe-antibiotiki. Ukuxhathisa kwenzeka xa iibhaktheriya ziguquka okanye zitshintsha ukuze zomelele kune-antibiotics.


Banokude basasaze le "superpower" kwezinye iintsholongwane. Oku kunokubangela usulelo oluyingozi olunganyangekiyo. Iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo zinokubulala.

Sebenzisa i-antibiotics ngokuchanekileyo ukunceda ukukhusela iibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo. Umzekelo:

  • Sebenzisa kuphela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. I-Antibiotic ayizukunyanga usulelo lwentsholongwane njengengqele, iflus kunye nebronchitis.
  • Sukusebenzisa ii-antibiotics ukuba awuyidingi.
  • Musa ukunyanzela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike i-antibiotics kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.
  • Thatha onke amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngendlela emiselweyo.
  • Gcwalisa idosi epheleleyo ye-antibiotics, nokuba uziva ungcono.
  • Musa ukuthatha ii-antibiotics eziphelelwe lixesha.
  • Yilahle kude iphelelwe okanye ingasetyenziswanga i-antibiotics.

Izibonelelo zonyango lwe-Phage

Izibonelelo zonyango lwe-phage zilungisa ukusilela kwee-antibiotics.

Njengokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zebhakteria, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebacteriophages. Kodwa uhlobo ngalunye lwephaji luya kuhlasela intsholongwane ethile. Ayizukuchaphazela ezinye iintlobo zebacteria.


Oku kuthetha ukuba i-phage inokusetyenziselwa ukujolisa ngqo kwintsholongwane ebangela izifo. Umzekelo, i-strep bacteriophage iya kubulala kuphela ibacteria ebangela usulelo lomqala womqala.

Uphando olwenziwe ngo-2011 lubonise ezinye iinkqubo ze-bacteriophages:

  • I-Phages isebenza ngokuchasene neebhaktiriya ezinganyangekiyo kunye nezokulwa neyeza.
  • Zingasetyenziselwa zodwa okanye zinamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iziyobisi.
  • Ukuphindaphindeka kuyanda kwaye kwandise inani ngokwabo ngexesha lonyango (yidosi enye enokudingeka).
  • Baphazamisa kancinci iibacteria "ezilungileyo" emzimbeni.
  • I-Phages yendalo kwaye kulula ukuyifumana.
  • Azinabungozi (zinetyhefu) emzimbeni.
  • Azinetyhefu kwizilwanyana, izityalo, kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ukusilela kunyango lwe-Phage

Iibacteriophages azikasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Olu nyango lufuna uphando oluthe kratya ukufumanisa ukuba lusebenza njani. Ayaziwa ukuba ii-phages zingonzakalisa abantu okanye izilwanyana ngeendlela ezingadibananga nokuqondisa ityhefu.

Ukongeza, ayaziwa ukuba unyango lwe-phage lunokubangela ukuba ibhaktiriya yomelele kune-bacteriophage, ekhokelela ekumelaneni ne-phage.

Iindleko zonyango lwe-phage zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Phages okwangoku kunzima ukuzilungiselela ukusetyenziswa ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
  • Ayaziwa ukuba yeyiphi idosi okanye inani leepages ekufuneka zisetyenzisiwe.
  • Ayaziwa ukuba unyango lwe-phage lungathatha ixesha elingakanani ukusebenza.
  • Kunganzima ukufumana eyona phageji ifanelekileyo ukunyanga usulelo.
  • I-Phages inokubangela ukuba amajoni omzimba aphatheke gwenxa okanye abangele ukungalingani.
  • Ezinye iintlobo zepheji azisebenzi kunye nezinye iintlobo zokunyanga usulelo lwebacteria.
  • Kunokubakho iindidi ezaneleyo zokunyanga lonke usulelo lwebacteria.
  • Ezinye iipages zinokubangela ukuba iibhaktheriya zinganyangeki.

Ukusetyenziswa kwepage eMelika

Unyango lwe-Phage alukavunywa kubantu baseMelika okanye eYurophu. Kubekho ukusetyenziswa kwepaji yokulinga kwiimeko ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo kuphela.

Isizathu esinye soku kungenxa yokuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afumaneka ngokulula kwaye kujongwa njengokukhuselekileyo ekusebenziseni. Kukho uphando oluqhubekayo malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa i-bacteriophages kubantu nakwizilwanyana. Ukhuseleko lonyango lwe-phage lukwafuna uphando ngakumbi.

Kwimveliso yokutya

Unyango lwe-Phage luyasetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya, nangona kunjalo. Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug (i-FDA) luvumile eminye yemixube ye-phage ukunceda ukumisa iibhaktheriya ekukhuleni ekutyeni. Unyango lwe-Phage ekutyeni luthintela iibhaktheriya ezinokubangela ityhefu yokutya, enje:

  • Salmonella
  • IListeria
  • E. coli
  • Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium
  • Ubunjani benkampu
  • Pseudomonas

Iipages zongezwa kwezinye ukutya okusetyenzisiweyo ukunceda ukuthintela ukukhula kwebhakteria.

Olunye usetyenziso lonyango lwe-phage oluvavanywayo lubandakanya ukongeza iibacteriophages kwiimveliso zokucoca ukutshabalalisa iibhaktheriya kumphezulu. Oku kunokuba luncedo ezibhedlele, kwiivenkile zokutyela nakwezinye iindawo.

Iimeko ezinokuthi zixhamle kunyango lwe-phage

Unyango lwe-Phage lunokuba lubaluleke kakhulu kunyango losulelo olungaphenduliyo kwiintsholongwane. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nabanamandla Istaphylococcus(staph) usulelo lwebacteria olubizwa ngokuba yi-MRSA.

Kubekho iimeko eziyimpumelelo zokusetyenziswa kweyezaji. Elinye ibali elinempumelelo lalibandakanya indoda eneminyaka engama-68 ubudala eSan Diego, eCalifornia, eyanyangelwa uhlobo lwebacteria enganyangekiyo Acinetobacter baumannii.

Emva kweenyanga ezintathu zokuzama i-antibiotics, oogqirha bakhe bakwazi ukunqanda usulelo nge-bacteriophages.

Ukuthatha

Unyango lwe-Phage aluyonto intsha, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana nako akuphandwanga kakuhle. Izifundo ezikhoyo kunye namatyala aphumeleleyo kunokuthetha ukuba inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Njengoko unyango lwe-phage luthathwa ngokuba lukhuselekile kwaye luvunyiwe ukuba lusetyenziswe kushishino lokutya, oku kunokuba ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango lwe-Phage "zii-antibiotics" zendalo kwaye lunokuba lolunye unyango olulungileyo. Inokuba luncedo kwezinye izinto ezinje ngesibulali ntsholongwane nesibhedlele. Uphando olungakumbi luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuvunyelwe abantu.

Sikucebisa

Inkqubela phambili yeAmino Acid Brush: yazi ukuba yenziwe njani

Inkqubela phambili yeAmino Acid Brush: yazi ukuba yenziwe njani

Ibra hi eqhubela phambili yee-amino acid lukhetho olukhu elekileyo lokulungi a iinwele kunebra hi eqhubekayo kunye ne-formaldehyde, njengoko inemigaqo yoku ebenza kweamino acid, eziyinxalenye yendalo ...
Isibali sokubala: Ndifuna ukulala ixesha elingakanani?

Isibali sokubala: Ndifuna ukulala ixesha elingakanani?

Ukucwangci a ukulala kakuhle ebu uku, kuya kufuneka ubale ukuba yeyiphi imijikelezo emizuzu engama-90 ekufuneka ulale kuyo ukuze uvuke ngalo mzuzu umjikelo wokugqibela uphela kwaye uvuke ukhululeke ng...