Khomba abafundi

Umxholo

• Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhomba abafundi?
• Iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa nokukhomba abafundi
• Unyango
• Kufuneka ulufune nini uncedo?
• Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha lokuqonda isifo
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni abafundi bokukhomba?

Abafundi abancinci ngokungaqhelekanga phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokukhanyisa babizwa ngokuba ngabafundi be-pinpoint. Elinye igama layo yi-myosis, okanye i-miosis.

Umfundi yinxalenye yamehlo akho alawula ukuba kukungena okungakanani ukukhanya.

Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, abafundi bakho bayancipha (banqande) ukunciphisa umda wokukhanya okungena. Ebumnyameni, abafundi bakho bayakhula (baxenga). Oko kuvumela ukukhanya okungaphezulu, okuphucula umbono ebusuku. Kungenxa yoko kukho ixesha lokuhlengahlengisa xa ungena kwigumbi elimnyama. Ikwasisizathu sokuba amehlo akho abuthathaka emva kokuba ugqirha wamehlo ebathambisa ngemini eqaqambileyo.

Ukuxinana kwabafundi kunye nokwanda zizinto ezinokuzibandakanya. Xa ugqirha ekhanyisa isibane emehlweni akho emva kokulimala okanye ukugula, kukubona ukuba abafundi bakho baphendula ngesiqhelo ekukhanyeni.

Ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, abafundi banokutshintsha ubungakanani ekuphenduleni kolunye uvuselelo. Umzekelo, abafundi bakho banokuba bakhulu xa unemincili okanye kwisilumkiso esiphakamileyo. Amanye amachiza anokubangela abafundi bakho ukuba babe bakhulu, ngelixa abanye bebenza banciphe.

Kubantu abadala, abafundi baqhele ukulinganisa phakathi kokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ebumnyameni, zihlala zilinganisa phakathi kweemilimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8.

Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhomba abafundi?

Esinye sezona zizathu zokuba umntu abe nokuchaza abafundi kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza eentlungu kunye nezinye iziyobisi kusapho lweopioid, ezinje:

• ikhowudi
• fentanyl
• hydrocodone
• yioocodone
• Imofini
• imethadone
• Iheroin

Ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba abafundi babone zibandakanya:

• Ukopha kumthambo wegazi kwingqondo (ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi): Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulekiyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi) sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo soku.
• Isifo i-Horner syndrome (Isifo se-Horner-Bernard okanye i-oculosympathetic palsy): Eli liqela leempawu ezibangelwa yingxaki kwindlela ye-nerve phakathi kwengqondo kunye nelinye icala lobuso. Ukubetha, ithumba, okanye ukonzakala kwethambo lomqolo kunokukhokelela kwi-Horner syndrome. Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela awunakumiselwa.
• I-Anterior uveitis, okanye ukudumba komaleko ophakathi wamehlo: Oku kunokuba ngenxa yomothuko wamehlo okanye ubukho bento yangaphandle kweliso. Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya isifo samathambo, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella. Rhoqo, unobangela awunakumiselwa.
• Ukuvezwa kweearhente zemithambo-luvo ezinje nge-sarin, i-soman, i-tabun, kunye ne-VX: Ezi zinto azizizo ngokwendalo. Zenzelwe umlo wemichiza. Izinambuzane zinokubangela ukuba abafundi babone.
• Amanye amachaphaza wamehlo amiselweyo, anje nge-pilocarpine, i-carbachol, i-echothiophate, i-demecarium, kunye ne-epinephrine, nazo zinokubangela ukuba abafundi bakhombe.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• amayeza athile, afana ne-clonidine yoxinzelelo lwegazi, lomotil kurhudo, kunye ne-phenothiazines yeemeko ezithile zengqondo ezinje nge-schizophrenia
• iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezinje ngamakhowa
• neurosyphilis
• ubuthongo obunzulu

Iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa nokukhomba abafundi

Ukukhomba abafundi luphawu, hayi isifo. Iimpawu ezihamba nazo zinokunika umkhondo malunga nento ebangela ingxaki.

Ukuba uthatha iiopioids, unokufumana:

• ukozela
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukudideka okanye ukunqongophala kokuphapha
• Ukuphambuka
• ubunzima bokuphefumla

Iimpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani beziyobisi ozithathayo kwaye uthatha kangaphi. Kwixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Iimpawu onokuba likhoboka leziyobisi zibandakanya:

• Iminqweno engaphezulu kwesiyobisi
• Ukufuna idosi enkulu ukufezekisa iziphumo ozifunayo
• ingxaki ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye iingxaki zemali ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi

Ukopha ngaphakathi kwe-Intracerebral kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha, kwaye kunokulandela ukuphulukana nokuqonda.

Ukuba abafundi bakho be-pinpoint babangelwa yi-Horner syndrome, unokuba ne-eyelid ye-drooping kunye nokunciphisa ukujuluka kwelinye icala lobuso bakho. Iintsana ezine-Horner syndrome zinokuba ne-iris enye ekhanyayo ngombala kunezinye.

Iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo ze-uveit yangaphakathi zibandakanya ubomvu, ukudumba, umbono ophuthileyo, kunye nemvakalelo yokukhanya.

Iiarhente zemithambo-luvo zinokubangela ukukrazula, ukugabha, ukuxhuzula, kunye ne-coma.

Ityhefu yokubulala izinambuzane ibangela ukugcwala amathe, ukukrazula, ukuchama kakhulu, ukuzikhupha kunye nokugabha.

Unyango

Akukho lunyango ngokukodwa ukukhomba abafundi kuba ayisosifo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba luphawu lwenye. Ukuchongwa kuya kukhokelela kukhetho lwakho lonyango.

Kwimeko yokudlula i-opioid overdose, abasebenzi bakaxakeka banokusebenzisa ichiza elibizwa ngokuba yi-naloxone ukubuyisa umngcipheko osongela ubomi we-opioids. Ukuba ulikhoboka, ugqirha unokukunceda uyeke ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kungenza ukuba ungenelelo lotyando. Unyango luza kubandakanya amanyathelo okugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo.

Akukho lonyango lwe-Horner syndrome. Kungangcono ukuba unobangela unokuchongwa kwaye uphathwe.

Iicorticosteroids kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa ziqhelekile kunyango lwe-uveit yangaphakathi. Amanyathelo ongezelelweyo anokufuneka ukuba unobangela ugqitywe njengesifo esisisiseko.

Ityhefu yokubulala izinambuzane inokunyangwa ngeyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Kufuneka ulufune nini uncedo?

Ukuba uphawule abafundi ngezizathu ezingaziwayo, jonga ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha jikelele. Yiyo kuphela indlela oza kufumana ngayo isifo.

Ukugqithisa kwe-opioid kunokuba yingozi. Ezi mpawu, ezinokuthi zibonise ukugqithisa, zifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo:

• Ubuso bumfiliba okanye bumbumbulu
• Iinzipho zeminwe zimfusa okanye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• umzimba uyaqhwalela
• ukugabha okanye ukugabha
• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ukuphefumla nzima
• ukulahleka kwengqondo

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha lokuqonda isifo

Indlela ugqirha wakho afikelela ngayo kuxilongo iya kuxhomekeka, ewe, kumfanekiso omkhulu. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ezihamba nazo kuya kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye ziya kukhokelela kuvavanyo lokuqonda isifo.

Ukuba undwendwela ugqirha wamehlo kuba abafundi bakho bengabonakali baqhelekile, uyakufumana uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo. Oko kuyakubandakanya ukwanda komfundi ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukujonga ngaphakathi kwiliso lakho.

Ukuba undwendwela ugqirha wakho, olunye uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo lunokubandakanya:

• imaging yamagnetic resonance (iMRI)
• itomography yekhompyuter (CT)
• X-reyi
• iimvavanyo zegazi
• iimvavanyo zomchamo
• Ukuvavanywa kwetyhefu

Imbonakalo

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nonyango.

Ukufumana i-opioid overdose, ukuba ufumana njani kwakhona kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kuxhomekeke:

• nokuba uyekile ukuphefumla kwaye ubude kangakanani ngaphandle kweoksijini
• ukuba iiopioid bezidibene nezinye izinto nokuba zeziphi ezo zinto
• nokuba awuzange uqhubeke nokwenzakala okubangela umonakalo ongapheliyo we-neurological okanye wokuphefumla
• ukuba uneminye imeko yonyango
• ukuba uyaqhubeka ukuthatha iiopioids

Ukuba ukhe waba nengxaki yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-opioid okanye olunye ugonyo lweziyobisi, yenza oogqirha bakho bazi oku xa ufuna unyango, ngakumbi iintlungu. Umlutha yingxaki enkulu efuna ingqalelo yexesha elide.

Ukuchacha kwakhona kwi-intracerebral hemorrhage kwahlukile kumntu kumntu. Okuninzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni ulufumene ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango kunye nokuba ungalulawula njani uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngaphandle konyango, i-uveitis yangaphandle inokuwonakalisa ngokusisigxina amehlo akho. Xa ngenxa yesifo esisisiseko, i-uveitis yangaphakathi inokuba yingxaki ephindaphindayo. Uninzi lwabantu lusabela kakuhle kunyango.

Ityhefu yokubulala izinambuzane inokubulala xa inganyangwa kakuhle. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unetyhefu yokubulala izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango kwangoko kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane.