Ukunqongophala kweplacental

Umxholo

• Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yeplacenta
• Oonobangela bokungoneliseki
• Iimpawu
• Iingxaki
• Umama
• Umntwana
• Ukuchongwa kunye nolawulo
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-placenta lilungu elikhula esibelekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukungabikho kweplacental (okwabizwa ngokuba yi-placental dysfunction okanye i-uteroplacental vascular insufficiency) yinto engaqhelekanga kodwa enzima yokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka xa i-placenta ingakhuli kakuhle, okanye yonakaliswe. Esi sifo sokuhamba kwegazi siphawulwa ngokuncitshiswa kwegazi likamama. Ingxaki inokwenzeka kwakhona xa unikezelo lwegazi lukamama lungonyuki ngokwaneleyo ekukhulelweni phakathi.

Xa i-placenta ingasebenzi kakuhle, ayikwazi ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyaneleyo kunye nezondlo kusana olusuka kwigazi likanina. Ngaphandle kwale nkxaso ibalulekileyo, usana alunakukhula kwaye lukhule. Oku kunokukhokelela kubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye neziphene zokuzalwa. Ikwaphethe umngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki kumama. Ukuchonga le ngxaki kwangoko kubalulekile kwimpilo yomama nomntwana.

Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yeplacenta

I-placenta lilungu lebhayoloji elintsonkothe ​​kakhulu. Iyakheka kwaye ikhule apho iqanda lidityaniswe nodonga lwesibeleko.

Umtya we-umbilical ukhula ukusuka kwi-placenta ukuya kwinkaba yomntwana. Ivumela igazi ukuba liphume kumama liye emntwaneni, kwaye libuyele kwakhona. Igazi likamama kunye negazi lomntwana lihluzwa ngeplasenta, kodwa ayikhe ixube.

Imisebenzi ephambili ye-placenta yile:

• hambisa ioksijini kwigazi lomntwana
• phatha ikharbon diokside kude
• dlulisa izondlo emntwaneni
• dlulisa inkunkuma ukuze ilahlwe ngumzimba kamama

I-placenta inendima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yehomoni nayo. Ikwakhusela umntwana ongekazalwa kwiintsholongwane kunye nosulelo.

I-placenta esempilweni iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa. Umbutho waseMelika okhulelweyo uqikelela ukuba i-placenta inobunzima obuziikhilo ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngexesha lokuzalwa.

I-placenta isuswe ngexesha lokubeleka. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, ihanjiswa phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 nengama-30 emva kosana.

Oonobangela bokungoneliseki

Ukungabikho kweplacental kudibene neengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi. Ngelixa igazi lomama kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo kunokubangela oko, amayeza kunye neendlela zokuphila zinokubangela oko.

Ezona meko zixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene nokungonelanga kwe-placental zezi:

• isifo seswekile
• uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi
• ianemia
• amayeza athile (ngakumbi abancinci begazi)
• ukutshaya
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi (ngakumbi icocaine, heroin, kunye ne-methamphetamine)

Ukungabikho kweplacental kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba i-placenta ayincamathelanga kakuhle eludongeni lwesibeleko, okanye ukuba iplacenta iyashenxa kuyo (ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta).

Iimpawu

Akukho zimpawu zoomama ezinxulunyaniswa nokungoneliseki kweplacental. Nangona kunjalo, imikhondo ethile inokukhokelela kuxilongo kwangoko. Umama unokuqaphela ukuba ubungakanani besibeleko sakhe buncinci kunasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Umbungu usenokuhamba ngaphantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe.

Ukuba umntwana akakhuli kakuhle, isisu sikanina siya kuba sincinci, kwaye iintshukumo zomntwana azizukuviwa kakhulu.

Ukuphuma kwamagciwane okanye ukukhulelwa komsebenzi kwangaphambili kunokuvela ngokuphazamiseka kweplacenta.

Iingxaki

Umama

Ukungabikho kweplacental akuqhelekanga kuthathwa njengomngcipheko wobomi kumama. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko mkhulu ukuba umama unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo seswekile.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umama kunokwenzeka ukuba abe namava:

• preeclampsia (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakamileyo kunye nokusebenza komzimba)
• Ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta (i-placenta isuka eludongeni lwe-uterine)
• umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nokuhanjiswa

Iimpawu zepreeclampsia kukutyeba kakhulu, umlenze kunye nokudumba kwesandla (i-edema), iintloko, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Umntwana

Kwangoko ekukhulelweni ukuba ukungoneli kweplasino kwenzeka, iingxaki zinokuba nzima emntwaneni. Umngcipheko womntwana ubandakanya:

• umngcipheko omkhulu wokuncitshiswa kweoksijini ekuzalweni (kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nezinye iingxaki)
• ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
• ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi (hypothermia)
• iswekile esezantsi yegazi (hypoglycemia)
• i-calcium encinci yegazi (hypocalcemia)
• iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (polycythemia)
• ukusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha
• Ukuhanjiswa kwesiza
• ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo
• ukufa

Ukuchongwa kunye nolawulo

Ukufumana ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubeleka kunokukhokelela kuxilongo kwangoko. Oku kunokuphucula iziphumo kumama nomntwana.

Uvavanyo olunokuthi lubone ukungoneli kweplasenti kubandakanya:

• ukukhulelwa kwe-ultrasound ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-placenta
• i-ultrasound yokujonga ubungakanani bomntwana ongekazalwa
• Amanqanaba e-alpha-fetoprotein egazini likamama (iprotein eyenziwe kwisibindi somntwana)
• uvavanyo lokungabikho koxinzelelo losana (kubandakanya ukufaka amabhanti amabini esiswini sikamama kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukubhuza kamnandi ukuvusa umntwana) ukulinganisa ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana kunye nokuncipha

Ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi koomama okanye isifo seswekile kunokunceda ukuphucula ukukhula komntwana.

Isicwangciso sokhathalelo lokubeleka sinokucebisa:

• imfundo kwi-preeclampsia, kunye nokubeka esweni isifo
• ukutyelela rhoqo ugqirha
• ukuphumla ebhedini ukugcina amafutha kunye namandla omntwana
• ukubonisana nengcali yengozi yoomama esemngciphekweni omkhulu

Kuya kufuneka ugcine irekhodi lemihla ngemihla xa usana luhamba okanye lukhatywa.

Ukuba kukho inkxalabo malunga nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha (iiveki ezingama-32 okanye ngaphambili), umama unokufumana inaliti ye-steroid. I-Steroids inyibilika kwi-placenta kwaye yomeleze imiphunga yosana.

Unokufuna ulondolozo olunzulu ngaphandle kwesibhedlele okanye isibhedlele ukuba i-preeclampsia okanye isithintelo sokukhula kwesibeleko (IUGR) siba nzima.

Imbonakalo

Ukungabikho kweplacental akunakuphiliswa, kodwa kunokulawulwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nokhathalelo olwaneleyo lokubeleka. Ezi zinokuphucula amathuba okukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuzalwa. NgokweSibhedlele iMount Sinai, eyona mbono intle yenzeka xa imeko ibanjwa phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-20 iiveki.