Ungcoliseko lomoya: yintoni, iziphumo kunye nendlela yokuhla

Umxholo

• Iindidi zezingcolisi
• Ezona zinto zingcolisayo emoyeni kunye neziphumo zempilo
• 1. Ikhabhon monoksayidi
• 2. Isalfure dioxide
• 3. Initrogen dayoksayidi
• 4. Izinto eziphathekayo
• 5. Khokela
• 6. Ozone
• Indlela ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya

Ungcoliseko lomoya, nolwaziwa njengongcoliseko lomoya, lubonakaliswa bubukho bezinto ezingcolisa umoya ojikeleze isixa kunye nobude obuyingozi ebantwini, kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana.

Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zinokubangelwa yimithombo ye-anthropogenic, enje ngemisebenzi yoshishino, ukukhutshwa kweemoto kunye nokutshiswa kwenkunkuma kwindawo evulekileyo, umzekelo, okanye kwimithombo yendalo, enjengomlilo, izivunguvungu zesanti okanye ukuqhuma kwentaba

Zonke ezi zinto zingcolisayo ziyingozi kwimpilo kwaye zinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukurhawuzelela ulusu, amehlo kunye neembumba, ukuqaqamba kwezifo zokuphefumla, okanye kwandise umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Ke, kubalulekile ukwamkela amanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya, njengokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonkewonke, ukuthintela imililo kunye nokwandisa iindawo eziluhlaza, umzekelo.

Iindidi zezingcolisi

Izinto ezingcolisayo zomoya zingohlulwa zibe zizingcolisi zokuqala nezesekondari. Ezona zinto zingcolisa umoya zizinto ezikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo yimithombo yongcoliseko, kwaye izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezizezesekondari zezo zenziwa emoyeni ngokujongana nemichiza phakathi kwezingcolisi zokuqala nezinto zendalo zomoya.

Emva koko, ukungcola okuphambili kunokuhlelwa njengendalo okanye i-anthropogenic:

Wena Izinto ezingcolisa indalo iziphumo ezivela kwimithombo yendalo efana nothuthu kunye neegesi eziphuma kwintaba-mlilo, isanti kunye neenkqwithela zothuli, ukubola kwezilwanyana nezityalo, amasuntswana kunye nomsi ovela kwimililo yehlathi, uthuli lwendalo yonke, umphunga wendalo, iigesi ezivela ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nomoya wolwandle ovela ezilwandle neelwandle.

Wena Izinto ezingcolisa i-anthropogenic zezo zibangelwe zizenzo zabantu, njengoko kunjalo kwimithombo yongcoliseko kwimizi-mveliso, izithuthi ezisebenzisa ipetroli, ukutshisa inkunkuma kwindawo evulekileyo kunye nokutshisa inkunkuma, kusetyenziswa iimveliso ezingafunekiyo, izinto ezitshisayo kumzi-mveliso kunye netromoelectric kunye nokukhutshwa kweenkqubo zamachiza.

Yazi umngcipheko ophambili wokuphefumla umsi womlilo.

Ezona zinto zingcolisayo emoyeni kunye neziphumo zempilo

Ezona zinto zingcolisa umoya wangaphandle kunye neziphumo zazo kwimo engqongileyo zezi:

1. Ikhabhon monoksayidi

Ikharbon monoksayidi inokutsha kwaye ibe yityhefu eyityhefu, ethi ikhokelele kumsi wecuba kunye nokutsha okungaphelelanga, okunje ngala kukhutshwa ziimoto.

Iziphumo: ukungcola oku kunciphisa amandla egazi okuhambisa ioksijini kwiiseli nakwizicubu, ezinokuphazamisa imisebenzi yokuqonda kunye nokucinga, ukulibazisa ukucinga, ukubangela intloko, ukozela, isiyezi kunye nesicaphucaphu, isifo sentliziyo, iintlungu, ukonakala kuphuhliso lweentsana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye kubantwana abancinci. Ukongeza, inokuqhubela phambili izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis engapheliyo, i-emphysema kunye ne-anemia. Kumanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu kubangela ukuwa, isiqaqa, ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nokufa.

2. Isalfure dioxide

Le irhasi iyacaphukisa ekhokelela kukutsha kwamalahle kunye neoyile enzima kwizityalo ze-thermoelectric, kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokutsha kwedizili zizithuthi. Kwimeko-bume inokuguqulwa ibe yiasidi yesalfuric.

Iziphumo: Isalfure dioxide inokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, ngakumbi kubantu abane-asthma kunye ne-bronchitis. Ukongeza, kunciphisa ukubonakala kwaye, kwiatmosfera, inokuguqula iye kwi-acid ye-sulfuric, ekugqibeleni ifake kwaye ibangele ukonakala kwimithi, umhlaba kunye nobomi bamanzi ngemvula eneasidi.

3. Initrogen dayoksayidi

I-nitrogen dioxide yirhasi ekruqulayo, inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inamandla eoksijini, lawo emoyeni anokuguqulwa abe yi-nitric acid kunye nee-nitrate eziphilayo. Iziphumo ezingcolisayo ubukhulu becala kukutshiswa kwezibaso ziimoto kunye nofakelo lombane nobushushu.

Iziphumo: I-nitrogen dioxide inokubangela ukucaphuka kunye nomonakalo wemiphunga, isifuba esibuhlungu kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo, kunye nokunyusa ukubakho kwezifo zokuphefumla, ezinje ngemikhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukongeza, ikwa negalelo ekunciphiseni ukubonakala kunye nokufakwa kwe-nitric acid, ngenxa yotshintsho lwayo kwiatmosfera, kungonakalisa imithi, umhlaba kunye nobomi bamanzi emanzini.

4. Izinto eziphathekayo

Into ethile iseti yamasuntswana amancinci, alula kunye namathontsi anqunyanyiswe emoyeni, ngenxa yesayizi encinci. Ukwakhiwa kwala masuntswana kuxhomekeke kumthombo ongcolisayo, njengokutsha kwamalahle kwizityalo zamandla ombane kunye nokufakelwa kwemizi-mveliso, ukutshisa ipetroli kwidizili, kwizityalo zesamente, kwimililo, kwimililo, kwimisebenzi yokwakha nakwizikhululo zomoya, umzekelo.

Iziphumo: La masuntswana anokubangela ukucaphuka kwempumlo nomqala, ukonakala kwemiphunga, ibronchitis, ukuqaqamba kwebronchitis kunye nesifuba. Ukuba amasuntswana ayityhefu enziwe ngelothe, i-cadmium, i-polychlorinated biphenyls kunye / okanye i-dioxin, zinokubangela utshintsho, iingxaki zokuzala kunye nomhlaza. Ukongeza, amanye ala masuntswana anciphisa ukubonakala kwaye anokubangela ukonakalisa imithi, umhlaba kunye nobomi bamanzi.

5. Khokela

Umkhokeli yintsimbi enetyhefu, ebangelwa kukupeyintwa kwezakhiwo ezindala, izinto zokucoca isinyithi, ukwenziwa kwelothe, iibhetri kunye nepetroli enelothe, umzekelo.

Iziphumo: Esi singcolisi siqokelelana emzimbeni kwaye sinokudala umonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, njengokudodobala kwengqondo, iingxaki zokwetyisa okanye umhlaza. Ukongeza, inefuthe elibi nakwizilwanyana zasendle. Yazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu zetyhefu yelothe.

6. Ozone

I-ozone yirhasi esebenzayo kwaye iyacaphukisa, nesiphumo sokukhutshwa kwiimoto kunye nofakelo loshishino. I-ozone ekhoyo kumaleko aphezulu e-atmosfera ikhusela kwimitha yelanga ye-ultraviolet, nangona kunjalo, xa ifunyenwe isondele emhlabeni, iziphatha njengongcoliseko, olugxila ngakumbi kumaxesha obushushu, kwimitha yelanga ephezulu nakwindawo eyomileyo.

Iziphumo: Njengazo ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, i-ozone nayo inokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo nomqala, zenze mandundu izifo ezinganyangekiyo njengesifuba, i-bronchitis, i-emphysema kunye nesifo sentliziyo, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa izifo zokuphefumla, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwaluphala kwamathambo emiphunga. Ukongeza, ikwa negalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kwezityalo kunye nemithi kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakala.

Indlela ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya

Ungcoliseko lomoya lunokuncitshiswa ngokwamkela amanyathelo anje ngala:

• Ukutshintshwa kwezibaso zamandla ezinamandla kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo;
• Khetha ukuhamba okusebenzayo nokuzinzileyo, njengokuhamba ngebhayisikile, ukuhamba ngezithuthi zikawonkewonke;
• Susa izithuthi ezindala ekujikelezeni;
• Ukwanda kweendawo eziluhlaza kwimimandla esezidolophini nakwiindawo ezinamahlathi athotyiweyo;
• Ukukhuthaza ulondolozo lweendawo zehlathi;
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane;
• Nciphisa imililo evulekileyo;
• Khuthaza amashishini ukuba asebenzise izixhobo ezinje ngeecatalysts kunye neefilitha ukugcina umsi kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo.

Jonga nezixhobo zendlu ezinceda ekucoceni umoya nasekuphuculeni impilo.

Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukubeka iliso rhoqo kumgangatho womoya ukuze kuphuhliswe iinkqubo zokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo kulawulo lomgangatho womoya. Uhlalutyo lomgangatho womoya lubalulekile kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba baxelelwe ngempembelelo ezinokubakho kunye nemingcipheko, ebavumela ukuba bacwangcise amanyathelo oluntu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo.