Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Umxholo

• Isizathu 1: Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
• Isizathu 2: Imfuza
• Isizathu 3: okusingqongileyo
• Isizathu 4: Usulelo
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• Yintoni enokubangela iimpawu ze-MS?
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukutshaya
• Ubushushu
• Amayeza
• Ukungabikho kobuthongo
• Usulelo
• Unyango lwe-MS
• Ukuthatha

Ukuqonda i-multiple sclerosis (MS)

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) sisifo se-neurological esiqhubekayo esinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS).

Ngalo lonke ixesha uthabatha inyathelo, uqhwanyaza, okanye uhambisa ingalo yakho, i-CNS yakho iyasebenza. Izigidi zeeseli zemithambo-luvo kwingqondo zithumela imiqondiso kuwo wonke umzimba ukulawula ezi nkqubo kunye nemisebenzi:

• intshukumo
• uvakalelo
• imemori
• ukuqonda
• intetho

Iiseli zamathambo zinxibelelana ngokuthumela imiqondiso yombane ngokusebenzisa imicu yentsimbi. Umaleko obizwa ngokuba yi-myelin sheath uyagquma kwaye ukhusela le micu. Olu khuseleko luqinisekisa ukuba iseli nganye yemithambo ifikelela ngokufanelekileyo kwithagethi ekujoliswe kuyo.

Kubantu abane-MS, iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba zihlasela ngempazamo kwaye zonakalise i-myelin sheath. Lo monakalo ubangela ukuphazamiseka kwempawu zemithambo-luvo.

Iimpawu ezonakalisiweyo zemithambo-luvo zinokubangela ukonakala kweempawu, kubandakanya:

• iingxaki zokuhamba nokulungelelanisa
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukudinwa
• iingxaki zombono

I-MS ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Ubungqongqo besifo kunye neentlobo zeempawu ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-MS, kwaye unobangela, iimpawu, ukuqhubela phambili kokukhubazeka kuyahluka.

Isizathu ngqo se-MS asaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu zikholelwa ekubeni zine izinto ezinokudlala indima kuphuhliso lwesi sifo.

Isizathu 1: Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

I-MS ithathwa njengesifo esihlasela umzimba: Inkqubo yokungasebenzi komzimba kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-CNS. Abaphandi bayazi ukuba i-myelin sheath ichaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa abayazi ukuba yintoni ebangela amajoni omzimba ukuba ahlasele i-myelin.

Uphando apho iiseli zomzimba ezijongene nohlaselo ziyaqhubeka. Oososayensi bafuna ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba ezi seli zihlasele. Bakhangela neendlela zokulawula okanye zokumisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Isizathu 2: Imfuza

Iintlobo zemfuza ezininzi kukholelwa ukuba zidlala indima kwi-MS. Ithuba lakho lokuphuhlisa i-MS liphezulu kancinci ukuba isihlobo esisondeleyo, njengomzali okanye umntakwabo, sinesi sifo.

Ngokwe-National Multiple Sclerosis Society, ukuba omnye umzali okanye umntakwabo une-MS, amathuba okufumana esi sifo aqikelelwa kuma-2.5 ukuya kuma-5 eepesenti e-United States. Amathuba omntu ophakathi aphantse abeyi-0.1 yeepesenti.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abantu abane-MS bazalwa benobungozi bokuziphendulela kwizinto ezithile ezingaziwayo. Impendulo ye-autoimmune ibangelwa xa bedibana nezi arhente.

Isizathu 3: okusingqongileyo

I-Epidemiologists ibone ukwanda kwepateni yamatyala e-MS kumazwe akude kakhulu ne-ikhweyitha. Olu nxibelelaniso lubangela abanye bakholelwe ukuba ivithamin D inokudlala indima. Vitamin D izibonelelo zomzimba zokuzivikela.

Abantu abahlala kufutshane neikhweyitha bafumana ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yoko, imizimba yabo ivelisa ivithamin D.

Okukhona ulusu lwakho luchanabeke elangeni, kokukhona umzimba wakho uvelisa ivithamini ngokwendalo. Kuba i-MS ithathwa njengesifo esixakwe kukuzikhusela kwizifo, ivithamin D kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kunokunxulunyaniswa nako.

Isizathu 4: Usulelo

Abaphandi bajonga ukuba kungenzeka ukuba iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zinokubangela i-MS. Iintsholongwane ziyaziwa ukuba zibangele ukuvuvukala kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-myelin. Ke ngoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane inokubangela i-MS.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane enezinto ezifanayo kwiiseli zobuchopho zibangela amajoni omzimba ukuba ngempazamo achonge iiseli eziqhelekileyo zobuchopho njengezangaphandle kwaye azitshabalalise.

Iibhaktheriya ezininzi kunye neentsholongwane ziyaphandwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba banegalelo kuphuhliso lwe-MS. Oku kubandakanya:

• iintsholongwane zemasisi
• herpes virus-6, ekhokelela kwiimeko ezifana roseola
• Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Eminye imingcipheko inokunyusa namathuba akho okuphuhlisa i-MS. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo. Abasetyhini ubuncinci amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise ukuphindaphinda-ukukhupha i-multiple sclerosis (RRMS) kunamadoda. Kwifom yokuqhubela phambili (i-PPMS), amanani amadoda nabasetyhini alingana ngokulinganayo.
• Ubudala. I-RRMS ihlala ichaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-50. I-PPMS idla ngokwenzeka malunga neminyaka eli-10 kamva kunezinye iifom.
• Ubuhlanga. Abantu abavela kumantla eYurophu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-MS.

Yintoni enokubangela iimpawu ze-MS?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuba abantu abane-MS baziphephe.

Uxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo kunokubangela kunye neempawu ezibi ze-MS. Ukuziqhelanisa okukunceda ukunciphisa nokujamelana noxinzelelo kunokuba luncedo. Yongeza amasiko oxinzelelo kumhla wakho, njengeyoga okanye ukucamngca.

Ukutshaya

Umsi wecuba ungongeza kwinkqubela phambili ye-MS. Ukuba uyatshaya, khangela iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyeka ukutshaya. Kuphephe ukuhlala nabantu abatshayayo.

Ubushushu

Asinguye wonke umntu obona umohluko kwiimpawu ngenxa yobushushu, kodwa thintela ilanga ngqo okanye iibhafu ezishushu ukuba ufumanisa ukuba usabela kuzo.

Amayeza

Kukho iindlela ezininzi amayeza anokuzenza mandundu iimpawu. Ukuba uthatha amachiza amaninzi kwaye unxibelelana kakubi, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokuthatha isigqibo sokuba zeziphi iziyobisi ezibalulekileyo kwaye zeziphi onokuthi uyeke ukuzithatha.

Abanye abantu bayayeka ukuthatha amayeza abo e-MS kuba baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi okanye bakholelwa ukuba azisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza abaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni ukuthintela ukubuyela umva kunye nezilonda ezintsha, ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlale kuzo.

Ukungabikho kobuthongo

Ukukhathala luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-MS. Ukuba awulali ngokwaneleyo, oku kunganciphisa amandla akho nangakumbi.

Usulelo

Ukusuka kusulelo lwe-urinary ukuya kubanda okanye umkhuhlane, ukusuleleka kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu. Ngapha koko, usulelo lubangela phantse isinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iimpawu zokuqaqamba kweempawu ze-MS, ngokweCleveland Clinic.

Unyango lwe-MS

Nangona kungekho lunyango lwe-MS, kukho iindlela zokhetho zokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-MS.

Elona candelo lonyango lixhaphakileyo yi-corticosteroids, enje nge-oral prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, iRayos) kunye ne-methylprednisolone efakwa emithanjeni. La machiza anciphisa ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo.

Kwiimeko ezingaphenduliyo kwi-steroids, abanye oogqirha banikezela ukutshintshwa kweplasma. Kolu nyango, ulwelo lwegazi lakho (iplasma) luyasuswa luye lwahlulwe kwiiseli zegazi lakho. Emva koko ixutywe nesisombululo seprotein (i-albhamuin) kwaye ibuyiselwe emzimbeni wakho.

Unyango oluguqula izifo luyafumaneka kwi-RRMS kunye ne-PPMS, kodwa zinokubangela umngcipheko obalulekileyo empilweni. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kukho naziphi na ezifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukuthatha

Ngelixa uninzi lwezinto ezibangela kunye nokuthintela i-MS ingaziwa, yintoni eyaziwayo kukuba abo bane-MS baphila ubomi obugcweleyo. Esi sisiphumo sokhetho lonyango kunye nokuphuculwa ngokubanzi kwendlela yokuphila kunye nokukhethwa kwezempilo.

Ngophando oluqhubekayo, kwenziwa amanyathelo mihla le ukunceda ukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili kwe-MS.