Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka: Ukuqala nini, ukubonisana kunye neeMviwo

Umxholo

• Uqala nini ukukhathalelwa kokubeleka
• Kwenzeka ntoni kudliwanondlebe ngaphambi kokubeleka
• Iimviwo zaphambi kokubeleka
• Uyenza phi inkathalo yaphambi kokubeleka
• Iimpawu zokukhulelwa komngcipheko ophezulu

Ukhathalelo lokubeleka kukubeka esweni unyango kwabasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa, elinikezelwa yi-SUS. Ngexesha leseshini yaphambi kokubeleka, ugqirha kufuneka acacise onke amathandabuzo omfazi malunga nokukhulelwa nokubeleka, kunye noku-odola iimvavanyo zokujonga ukuba ngaba yonke into ilungile kumama nosana.

Ngeli xesha lokubonisana ngaphambi kokubeleka ugqirha kufuneka achonge ubudala bokukhulelwa, ukuhlelwa komngcipheko wokukhulelwa, nokuba ngumngcipheko omncinci okanye umngcipheko omkhulu, kwaye wazise umhla wokuhanjiswa, ngokokuphakama kwesibeleko kunye nomhla wokuya esikhathini okokugqibela.

Uqala nini ukukhathalelwa kokubeleka

Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kufuneka luqale kwangoko xa umfazi efumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe. Olu thethwano kufuneka lwenziwe kube kanye ngenyanga ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa, rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15 ukusukela ngomhla wama-28 ukuya kwiveki yama-36 kwaye ngeveki ukusuka kwiveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni kudliwanondlebe ngaphambi kokubeleka

Ngexesha lokubonisana ngaphambi kokubeleka, umongikazi okanye ugqirha uhlala ejonga:

• Ubunzima;
• Ifuthe legazi;
• Iimpawu zokudumba emilenzeni nasezinyaweni;
• Ukuphakama kwesibeleko, ukulinganisa isisu ngokuthe nkqo;
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana;
• Qaphela amabele kwaye ufundise ukuba kungenziwa ntoni ukuzilungiselela ukuncancisa;
• Ibhulethini yokugonya yowesifazane ukunika ugonyo kwi-fata.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukubuza malunga nokuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo, njengokuqaqamba kwentliziyo, ukutshisa, amathe agqithisileyo, ubuthathaka, iintlungu esiswini, isisu, ukukhupha kwilungu lobufazi, hemorrhoids, ukuphefumla nzima, iintsini ezophayo, iintlungu zomqolo, imithambo ye-varicose, iicramps kunye nokusebenza ngexesha ukukhulelwa, ukucacisa onke amathandabuzo omfazi okhulelweyo kunye nokunikezela ngezisombululo ezifanelekileyo.

Iimviwo zaphambi kokubeleka

Iimvavanyo ekufuneka zenziwe ngexesha lokubeleka, kwaye zifunwa ngugqirha wosapho okanye ugqirha wokubelekisa, zezi:

• Ultrasonography;
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi;
• IProteinuria;
• Imilinganiselo yehemoglobin kunye nehematocrit;
• Uvavanyo lweCombomb;
• Uvavanyo lwelindle;
• IBacterioscopy yemixholo yelungu lobufazi;
• Ukuzila ukutya kweglucose;
• Uviwo lokwazi uhlobo lwegazi, inkqubo yeABO kunye neRh factor;
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo: intsholongwane kaGawulayo;
• Irubella serology;
• I-Serology ye-toxoplasmosis;
• VDRL yegcushuwa;
• I-Serology ye-hepatitis B kunye no-C;
• Isyoloji seCytomegalovirus;
• Umchamo, ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba unentsholongwane yomchamo.

Ukubonisana ngaphambi kokubeleka kufuneka kuqale kwangoko nje ukufunyanwa kokukhulelwa. Umfazi kufuneka afumane ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nomba wesondlo, ukutyeba kunye nokhathalelo lokuqala lomntwana. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kuviwo ngalunye, indlela ekufuneka yenziwe ngayo kunye neziphumo zazo.

Uyenza phi inkathalo yaphambi kokubeleka

Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka lilungelo lawo wonke umntu okhulelweyo kwaye lunokwenziwa kumaziko ezempilo, ezibhedlele okanye kwiiklinikhi zabucala okanye zikarhulumente. Ngexesha lokubonisana umfazi kufuneka afune ulwazi malunga neenkqubo kunye namalungiselelo okubeleka.

Iimpawu zokukhulelwa komngcipheko ophezulu

Ngexesha lokhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka, ugqirha kufuneka akuxelele ukuba ngaba ukukhulelwa kubungozi obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi. Ezinye zeemeko ezibonisa ukukhulelwa komngcipheko omkhulu zezi:

• Isifo sentliziyo;
• Isifuba okanye ezinye izifo zokuphefumla;
• Ukungabikho kwezintso;
• Sickle cell anemia okanye thalassemia;
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphambi kweveki yama-20 yokukhulelwa;
• Izifo zemithambo-luvo, ezinjengesathuthwane;
• Uqhenqa;
• Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ezinje nge-lupus erythematosus;
• I-vein thrombosis enzulu okanye i-pulmonary embolism;
• Malformation esibelekweni, myoma;
• Izifo ezosulelayo, ezifana hepatitis, toxoplasmosis, usulelo lwe-HIV okanye negcushuwa;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwelayisensi okanye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni;
• Ukuqhomfa kwangaphambili;
• Ukungachumi;
• Isithintelo sokukhula kwe-intrauterine;
• Ukukhulelwa amawele;
• Malformation Fetal;
• Ukungondleki kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo;
• Isifo seswekile;
• Isifo somhlaza webele;
• Ukukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo.

Kule meko, ukhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kufuneka luqulathe iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ukukhangela isifo kunye nesikhokelo kwimpilo kamama nosana ekufuneka linikezwe. Fumana yonke into malunga nokukhulelwa komngcipheko ophezulu kunye nokhathalelo lwabo.