Uncedo lokuqala kubantu abaneswekile

Umxholo

• 1. Hyperglycemia - iswekile eninzi
• 2. Hypoglycemia - iswekile esezantsi
• Olunye uncedo lokuqala olubalulekileyo kubantu abaneswekile
• 1. Amanxeba esikhumba
• 2. Gweba unyawo
• Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuya kugqirha

Ukuze ukwazi ukunceda umntu onesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba sisiqwengana seswekile esegazini (hyperglycemia), okanye ukunqongophala kweswekile yegazi (hypoglycemia), njengoko zozibini ezi meko zinokwenzeka.

I-Hyperglycemia ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile abangenalo unyango olufanelekileyo okanye abangahambi ngendlela efanelekileyo yokutya, ngelixa i-hypoglycemia ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abathatha unyango lwe-insulin okanye abachitha ixesha elide bengatyanga, umzekelo.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukujonga iswekile yegazi lomntu, ngesixhobo esifanelekileyo ukulinganisa ubungakanani beswekile esegazini. Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-70 mg / dL abonisa i-hypoglycemia kunye namaxabiso ngaphezulu kwe-180 mg / dL inokubonisa i-hyperglycemia, ngakumbi ukuba umntu akakayigqibi ukutya.

1. Hyperglycemia - iswekile eninzi

Xa iswekile iphezulu egazini, ekwabizwa ngokuba yihyperglycemia, ixabiso lesixhobo liya kubonisa amaxabiso ngaphezulu kwe-180 mg / dL, kwisisu esingenanto, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-250 mg / dL, nangaliphi na ixesha losuku.

Ukongeza, umntu unokufumana ukudideka, ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo, umlomo owomileyo, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokutshintsha komphefumlo. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka:

1. Khangela isirinji ye-SOS insulin, anokuthi umntu abe nayo kwiimeko zikaxakeka
2. Tofa isirinji kwingingqi ejikeleze inkaba okanye ingalo ephezulu, usonge iminwe yakho, uyigcine kude kube sekupheleni kwenaliti, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso;
3. Ukuba, emva kwemizuzu eli-15, ixabiso leswekile lihleli linjalo, kuya kufuneka ubize uncedo lwezonyango, utsalele umnxeba kwangoko kwinombolo ye-192 okanye uthathe umntu esibhedlele;
4. Ukuba ixhoba alikho zingqondweni kodwa liphefumla, kufuneka libekwe kwindawo esecaleni kukhuseleko, kusalindelwe uncedo lwezonyango. Funda indlela yokwenza ngokuchanekileyo indawo yokhuseleko esecaleni.

Kwimeko apho isirinji ye-insulin engxamisekileyo ingekho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubize uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko okanye uthathe umntu esibhedlele, ukuze kufakwe idosi efanelekileyo ye-insulin.

Ukongeza, ukuba i-insulin ilawulwa, kubalulekile ukugcina iso kwixabiso leswekile yegazi kule yure izayo, njengoko kukho umngcipheko wokuba ixabiso liza kwehla kakhulu ukuba idosi ye-insulin ibiphezulu kunokuba iyimfuneko. Ukuba ixabiso lingaphantsi kwe-70 mg / dL kubalulekile ukubeka iswekile ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwezidlele naphantsi kolwimi, ukuze ixabiso lonyuke kwaye lizinze.

2. Hypoglycemia - iswekile esezantsi

Xa amanqanaba eswekile esezantsi esezantsi, abizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia, esi sixhobo sibonisa iswekile yegazi engaphantsi kwama-70 mg / dL kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu abonise iimpawu ezinjengokungcangcazela, isikhumba esibandayo, ukubila, ukubhitya okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba:

1. Beka icephe 1 leswekile okanye iipakethe ezi-2 zeswekile ngaphakathi kwezidlele naphantsi kolwimi;
2. Ukuba iswekile esegazini ayonyuki okanye iimpawu aziphucuki kwimizuzu eli-10, umntu lowo kufuneka anikwe iswekile kwakhona;
3. Ukuba inqanaba leswekile okanye iimpawu zihlala zinjalo eminye imizuzu eli-10, kuya kufuneka ubize uncedo lonyango, ngoko nangoko fowunela i-192 okanye uthathe umntu esibhedlele;
4. Ukuba umntu akazi nto kodwa uphefumla, kufuneka abekwe kwindawo yokhuseleko ngelixa elinde uncedo lonyango. Jonga indlela yokwenza indawo yokhuseleko esecaleni.

Xa iswekile yegazi isezantsi ixesha elide, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abanjwe kukubanjwa kwentliziyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba kuyajongwa ukuba umntu akaphefumli, tsalela uncedo kwezonyango kwaye uqalise ukukhulelwa kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. Nantsi indlela yokwenza umthambo wentliziyo:

Olunye uncedo lokuqala olubalulekileyo kubantu abaneswekile

Ukongeza kwezona meko zinzima, ezinje nge-hyperglycemia okanye i-hypoglycemia, kukwakho nezinye iindlela zoncedo lokuqala ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla, ezinokuthi zibonakalise umngcipheko omkhulu wobunzima besifo seswekile, njengokufumana inxeba eluswini okanye ukujija unyawo , umzekelo.

1. Amanxeba esikhumba

Xa umntu onesifo seswekile esenzakala, kubalulekile ukulinakekela inxeba, kuba nokuba lincinci kwaye alikho ngaphezulu, inxeba leswekile linokubonisa iingxaki ezinjengezilonda okanye usulelo, ngakumbi xa kusenzeka kufume kakhulu indawo ezinje ngeenyawo, ulusu olusongekileyo okanye umqala, umzekelo.

Ngexesha lonyango, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthintela usulelo, kwaye kufuneka:

• Sebenzisa iitawuli ezicocekileyo ukuze womise ulusu oluchaphazelekayo;
• Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana zasekhaya;
• Gwema indawo enesanti okanye umhlaba;
• Kuphephe ukunxiba impahla okanye izihlangu enxebeni.

Ke, eyona nto ilungileyo kukugcina inxeba licocekile, lomile kwaye likude neemeko ezinokubangela inxeba libe nzima, ngakumbi kude kube kugqityiwe ukuphola.

Ukongeza kukhathalelo lwenxeba, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ezinye zeempawu ezibonisa ukukhula kweengxaki, ezinje ngokubonakala kokubomvu, ukudumba, iintlungu eziqatha okanye ubofu kule ndawo. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha oqhelekileyo.

Xa inxeba lincinci kakhulu, kodwa kuthatha ngaphezulu kwenyanga e-1 ukuba liphole, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wokubonisana ukuze uvavanye isidingo sonyango olukhethekileyo ngakumbi, kunye nokunxiba okuthanda ukuphola.

2. Gweba unyawo

Ukuba umntu onesifo seswekile utyhoboza unyawo okanye elinye ilunga, kufuneka ayeke umkhuba wokuzilolonga kwaye aphephe ukunyanzela indawo echaphazelekayo, ukongeza ekuthinteleni ukuhamba ixesha elide kunye nokunyuka kwezinyuko, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, unyawo kufuneka lugcinwe luphakanyisiwe, ukukhuthaza ukujikeleza kunye nokubeka umkhenkce kwindawo echaphazelekayo kangangemizuzu engama-20, kabini ngemini, ukukhumbula ukusonga umkhenkce ngelaphu elifumileyo ukunqanda ukutshisa ulusu.

Ukudumba okuqhelekileyo kubangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu, kwaye kunokwenza indawo ifudumale kwaye inamabala amfusa. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho kukho iintlungu eziqatha kunye nokudumba okungaphuculiyo, kufuneka kuboniswane nogqirha ukuvavanya ubungakanani bokwenzakala kunye nokujonga ukwaphuka.

Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuya kugqirha

Ugqirha kufuneka kuqhagamshelwane naye kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Iswekile ephezulu, kunye ne-capillary glycemia enkulu kune-180 mg / dL ngaphezulu kweyure e-1, kwisisu esingenanto, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-250 mg / dL ngaphezulu kweyure e-1, emva kokutya, okanye xa isigulana singekho zingqondweni.
• Iswekile esezantsi, nge-capillary glycemia engaphantsi kwama-70 mg / dL ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30, okanye xa isigulana singekho zingqondweni;
• Izilonda ezinzima zolusu, ngomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-38ºC; ubofu obubomvu enxebeni; ukwanda kobomvu, ukudumba kunye neentlungu kwindawo leyo; ukwanda kwenkqubo yokuphilisa amanxeba, ukuphulukana nemvakalelo ejikeleze inxeba okanye ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukubakho kokubila kunye nokugodola emzimbeni. Le miqondiso ibonisa ukuba indawo enenxeba inokosulelwa, kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba mandundu kwenxeba kunye neengxaki ezifana nezilonda.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa le miqondiso ingakhathalelwanga kwaye unyango olungalunganga lungenziwa, izicubu ezichaphazelekayo zinokufumana i-necrosis, eyenzeka xa ingingqi ingafumani oksijini yaneleyo kwaye izicubu ziyafa, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukunqunyulwa ilungu.

Kule meko, uncedo lwezonyango kufuneka lubizwe ngokukhawuleza ngokubiza u-192.