Izifo zenkqubo yokuphefumla: ziyintoni, iimpawu kunye nokwenza

Umxholo

• Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumla
• 1. I-rhinitis engapheliyo
• 2. Isifo sombefu
• 3. ICOPD
• 4. Isinusitis engapheliyo
• 5. Isifo sephepha
• Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumla
• 1. Umkhuhlane
• 2. Isifo sokukrala kwemiphunga
• 3. Inyumoniya
• 4. I-bronchitis ebukhali
• 5. Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (i-ARDS)

Izifo zokuphefumla zizifo ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukwakheka kwenkqubo yokuphefumla njengomlomo, impumlo, ingqula, umphimbo, itrachea kunye nemiphunga.

Banokufikelela kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, banxulunyaniswa nendlela yokuphila kunye nomgangatho womoya. Oko kukuthi, ukuvezwa komzimba kwiiarhente ezingcolisayo, imichiza, icuba kunye nokusulelwa ziintsholongwane, ifungi okanye ibhaktiriya, umzekelo.

Kuxhomekeka kubude bexesha labo, izifo zokuphefumla zihlelwa:

• Ukuhamba: ukuqala ngokukhawuleza, ixesha elingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu kunye nonyango olufutshane;
• Kronike: aqala ngokuthe chu, ahlala ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu kwaye kuye kufuneke ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza ixesha elide.

Abanye abantu banokuzalwa benesifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphefumla, ukongeza kwizizathu zangaphandle, ezinokuba yimfuza, njengesifuba. Ngelixa izifo ezibukhali zokuphefumla zivela rhoqo kusulelo lwenkqubo yokuphefumla.

Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumla

Izifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo zihlala zichaphazela izakhiwo zemiphunga kwaye zinokunxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lokudumba ixesha elide. Abantu abatshayayo, basesichengeni sokungcola komoya nothuli, kwaye bayadibana nomngcipheko wokukhula kwezi ntlobo zezifo.

Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumla zezi:

1. I-rhinitis engapheliyo

Isifo esinganyangekiyo i-rhinitis kukukrala ngaphakathi kwempumlo okuthi ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwe kukungabikho komzimba kwizinwele zezilwanyana, umungu, ukungunda okanye uthuli, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-allergen rhinitis. Nangona kunjalo, i-rhinitis nayo inokubangelwa kukungcoliseka kwendalo, utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwimozulu, uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza okuphelisa impumlo okanye ukungeniswa kokutya okunezipayisi kwaye, kwezi meko, yaziwa ngokuba yi-rhinitis enganyangekiyo.

Iimpawu zesifo esinganyangekiyo se-rhinitis esinganyangekiyo nesinganyangekiyo ngokufanayo ziyafana, kubandakanya ukuthimla, ukukhwehlela owomileyo, impumlo egudileyo, impumlo egudileyo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Ukurhawuzelelwa kwempumlo, amehlo kunye nomqala kuyinto eqhelekileyo xa i-rhinitis engapheliyo ibangelwa kukungabikho komzimba.

Kwenziwe ntoni: ugqirha otorhinolaryngologist kufuneka abonisane ukuze aqinisekise isifo kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo, olusekwe ikakhulu ekusebenziseni ii-antihistamines kunye nesitshizi sempumlo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando, kodwa kunqabile, kwaye kuhlala kubonisiwe xa olunye unyango lungasasebenzi.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo i-rhinitis enganyangekiyo baphephe ukunxibelelana nomsi wecuba, ukusebenzisa iikhaphethi kunye neplush, ukugcina indlu ingena umoya kwaye icocekile, kwaye bahlambe nezinto zokulala rhoqo nakumanzi ashushu. Nazi ezinye iindlela zendalo zokunciphisa iimpawu ze-rhinitis.

2. Isifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu sisifo esixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangamadoda kwaye senzeka ngenxa yokudumba kwamalungu angaphakathi emiphungeni, sibangela ukudumba nokunciphisa ukuhamba komoya kwezi zakhiwo. Ke ngoko, iimpawu eziphambili zesifuba kukuphefumla kancinci, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela ngaphandle kwesikhohlela, ukudinwa nokudinwa.

Unobangela wesifuba awaziwa, kodwa ukubandezeleka ngenxa yokugula komzimba, ukuba nomzali onesifo sombefu, ukuba nezinye izifo zokuphefumla nokuchaphazeleka kukungcola komoya kunokuhambelana nokuqala kwesifo se-asthma.

Kwenziwe ntoni: I-asthma ayinanyango, ke kubalulekile ukuba ulandele ugqirha we-pulmonologist kwaye usebenzise amayeza abonisiweyo, anje nge-bronchodilators, i-corticosteroids kunye ne-anti-inflammatories. Ukwenza imithambo yokuphefumla ngoncedo lwephysiotherapist kunokunceda. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abane-asthma baziveze kancinane kangangoko kwiimveliso ezibangela uhlaselo lwesifuba. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwesifuba.

3. ICOPD

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga siseti yezifo zemiphunga ezithintela ukudlula komoya emiphungeni. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-emphysema yeplmonary: kuyenzeka xa ukudumba kuthintela izakhi ezifana nengxowa yomoya kwimiphunga, i-alveoli;
• I-bronchitis engapheliyo: kwenzeka xa ukudumba kuthintela imibhobho ethatha umoya ukuya emiphungeni, ibronchi.

Abantu abatshayayo okanye abachanabeke kwimichiza ixesha elide kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise ezi ntlobo zezifo. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ukukhohlela okuqhubekeke ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu, iphlegm kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.

Kwenziwe ntoni:Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufunwe uncedo kwi-pulmonologist, kuba ezi zifo azinonyango, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukulawula iimpawu. Amanye amayeza anokuthi aboniswe ngugqirha zii-bronchodilators kunye ne-corticosteroids. Ukongeza, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokunciphisa ukuphefumla iarhente yeekhemikhali kuthintela ezi zifo ukuba zingambi. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-COPD, zithini iimpawu kunye nokuba wenze ntoni.

4. Isinusitis engapheliyo

Isinusitis engapheliyo yenzeka xa iindawo ezingenanto empumlweni nasebusweni ziye zavaleka ngenxa yencindi okanye ukudumba okungaphezulu kweeveki ezilishumi elinambini kwaye akuphucuki nokuba usenziwa unyango. Umntu onesifo esinganyangekiyo sesinusitis uziva iintlungu ebusweni, ubuntununtunu emehlweni, impumlo exineneyo, ukukhohlela, umoya onukayo kunye nomqala obuhlungu.

Abantu abasele bephathe i-sinusitis ebukhali, abane-polyps ngeempumlo okanye i-septum ephambukileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise olu hlobo lwe-sinusitis.

Kwenziwe ntoni: i-otorhinolaryngologist yeyona ifanelekileyo yokuhamba nabantu abanolu hlobo lwesifo. Unyango lwe-sinusitis enganyangekiyo luquka ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza afana ne-antibiotics, i-anti-inflammatories, i-corticosteroids kunye ne-antiallergic agents. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwe-sinusitis engapheliyo.

5. Isifo sephepha

Isifo sephepha sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Bacchus (BK) kaKoch. Esi sifo sichaphazela imiphunga, kodwa ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba, sinokuchaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba anjengezintso, amathambo kunye nentliziyo.

Ngokubanzi, esi sifo sibangela iimpawu ezinjengokukhohlela ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu, ukukhohlela igazi, iintlungu xa uphefumla, umkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku, ukwehla kobunzima nokuphefumla kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokosulelwa yintsholongwane kwaye bangabi nazimpawu.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango lwe-tuberculosis luboniswa yi-pulmonologist kwaye lusekwe kusetyenziso lwendibaniselwano yamayeza ahlukeneyo. Amachiza amiselwe ngugqirha kufuneka athathwe njengoko kuyalelwe kwaye unyango luhlala ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6. Funda ngakumbi ngamayeza asekhaya ukunyanga iimpawu zesifo sephepha.

Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumla

Izifo zokuphefumla eziqhelekileyo zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile losulelo kwinkqubo yokuphefumla. Ezi zigulo zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufuneka zinyangwe kwaye zilandelwe ngugqirha.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba izifo ezihlasela ngokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza zinokunganyamezeleki ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yempilo yomntu okanye ukuba khange balwenze ngokuchanekileyo unyango. Ukongeza, uninzi lwezifo zokuphefumla ziyosulela, oko kukuthi, zidlula zisuka komnye umntu ziye komnye.

Izifo eziphambili zokuphefumula zezi:

1. Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane kwaye sihlala malunga neentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zaziwa njengokukhohlela, intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane kunye nempumlo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ebusika, abantu bahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ngenxa yoko iimeko zomkhuhlane ziyanda. Ingqele ihlala ididekile ngumkhuhlane, kodwa ibangelwa lolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane, uqonde ngcono umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane nengqele.

Kwenziwe ntoni: ixesha elininzi iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziyaphucuka kunyango ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabantu abanomkhuhlane omncinci kufuneka bakhatshwe ngugqirha oqhelekileyo. Unyango lwe-Flu lusekwe kusetyenziso lwamayeza ukukhulula iimpawu, ukutya okungamanzi kunye nokuphumla.

Okwangoku, kukho imikhankaso yokugonya ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane yi-SUS kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umkhuhlane, kodwa ikwafumaneka nakwiiklinikhi zabucala.

2. Isifo sokukrala kwemiphunga

I-Pharyngitis yintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya efikelela kwingingqi emva komqala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yipharynx. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ze-pharyngitis ziintlungu xa ziginya, umqala onomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango lwe-pharyngitis luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni lubangelwe yintsholongwane, ebizwa ngokuba yi-virus pharyngitis okanye ukuba ibangelwa yintsholongwane, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bacterial pharyngitis. Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka emva kweveki e-1, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-otorhinolaryngologist eya kucebisa i-antibiotics ukuba i-pharyngitis ibacteria. Kwimeko ye-pharyngitis yentsholongwane, ugqirha unokuyalela amayeza ukuthomalalisa umqala obuhlungu.

Kuhlala kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umntu one-pharyngitis kufuneka aphumle kwaye asele ulwelo oluninzi. Funda ngakumbi ukuba wenze ntoni ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokutsha emqaleni wakho.

3. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia sisifo esichaphazela i-alveoli yemiphunga esebenza njengezingxobo zomoya. Esi sifo sinokufikelela kwimiphunga enye okanye yomibini kwaye sibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ibhaktiriya okanye ukungunda. Iimpawu zenyumoniya zinokwahluka kuye ngomntu, ngakumbi ukuba ungumntwana okanye sele umdala, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngumkhuhlane omkhulu, iintlungu zokuphefumla, ukukhohlela nge-phlegm, ukugodola nokuphefumla kancinci. Jonga apha ezinye iimpawu zenyumoniya.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho, okanye inyumoniya, kuba inyumoniya iya isiba mandundu ukuba ayinyangwa. Ugqirha uya kukuyalela amachiza anomsebenzi wokuphelisa usulelo, olunokuba ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ii-antivirals okanye ii-antifungals. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokuyalela amanye amayeza ukuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphathwa yinyumoniya, njengabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abantu abanomkhuhlane omncinci ngenxa yokugula okanye abanyangwa ngekhemotherapy. Ke ngoko, kwezi meko xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala zenyumoniya, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

4. I-bronchitis ebukhali

I-bronchitis ebukhali yenzeka xa iityhubhu ezihambisa umoya ukusuka kwi-trachea ukuya emiphungeni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi, ziyavuvukala. Olu hlobo lwe-bronchitis lunethuba elifutshane kwaye luhlala lubangelwa ziintsholongwane.Iimpawu zeBronchitis zihlala zididekile ngumkhuhlane kunye neempawu ezibandayo, njengoko ziyafana, kubandakanya impumlo ebusayo, ukukhohlela, ukudinwa, ukuvutha, iintlungu zomqolo kunye nomkhuhlane.

Kwenziwe ntoni: I-bronchitis ebukhali ihlala i-avareji yeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-15 kwaye iimpawu zihlala zinyamalala ngeli xesha, kodwa ukulandelelana nogqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-pulmonologist kubalulekile ukunqanda iingxaki. Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, ngakumbi ukukhwehlela kwe-phlegm kunye nomkhuhlane, kufuneka ubuyele kugqirha. Fumana ngakumbi ngamayeza e-bronchitis.

5. Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (i-ARDS)

Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla senzeka xa kukho ingqokelela yolwelo kwi-alveoli, ezingumoya womoya ngaphakathi kwimiphunga, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho oksijini yaneleyo egazini. Esi sifo sihlala sivela kubantu esele benesinye isifo semiphunga kwinqanaba eliphambili okanye umntu oye wafumana ingozi embi yokurhaxwa, ukonzakala kwindawo yesifuba, ukuphefumla iigesi eziyityhefu.

Ezinye iintlobo zezifo ezinzulu zinokubangela i-ARDS, ezinje ngezifo ezinzulu zepancreas kunye nentliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ii-ARDS zihlala zenzeka kubantu ababuthathaka kakhulu kwaye abalaliswe esibhedlele, ngaphandle kwengozi. Jonga apha yintoni i-ARDS yabantwana kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

Kwenziwe ntoni: I-ARDS ifuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo kwaye unyango lwenziwa ngoogqirha abaliqela kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphakathi kwiyunithi yesibhedlele.