Isinyithi esinzima: ziyintoni kunye neempawu zokunxila

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ezintandathu ezinxilisayo
• 1. Ityhefu yelothe
• 2. Ityhefu yeArsenic
• 3. Ityhefu yeMercury
• 4. Ityhefu ye-Barium
• 5. Ityhefu yeCadmium
• 6. Ityhefu yeChromium

Isinyithi esinzima zizinto zamachiza, ezikwimo yazo emsulwa, eqinileyo kwaye inokuba yityhefu emzimbeni xa ityiwe, kwaye inokubangela ukonakala kumalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, anje ngemiphunga, izintso, isisu kunye nengqondo.

Ngelixa ezinye izinyithi ezinzima, ezinje ngobhedu, zibalulekile emzimbeni kwezinye izixa, ezinye ezinje nge-mercury okanye i-arsenic zinokuba yityhefu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zithintelwe. Ezi zinyithi zihlala zikhona emanzini angcolileyo kwaye, ke, zinokuphela zingcolisa umoya kunye nokutya, kubangele iingxaki zempilo kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Izinyithi ezinzima azibangeli zimpawu xa ziqala ukudibana nomzimba, nangona kunjalo, zinamandla okuqokelelana ngaphakathi kweeseli zomzimba, zibangela iingxaki ezinje ngokutshintsha kwezintso, ukonakala kwengqondo kwaye kukho urhano lokuba zingonyuka umngcipheko womhlaza.

Jonga ukuba ungakuphepha njani ukunxibelelana nesinyithi esinzima.

Iimpawu ezintandathu ezinxilisayo

Izinyithi ezinzima ezi-6 eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yi-mercury, i-arsenic, i-lead, i-barium, i-cadmium kunye ne-chromium. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesinyithi esiqokelela emzimbeni, iimpawu ziyahluka:

1. Ityhefu yelothe

Ityhefu yelothe idla ngokuba nzima ukuyichonga, kwaye nabantu ababonakala besempilweni banokuba namanqanaba aphezulu elothe emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ilothe iqokelela emzimbeni, ukhokelo ubonakala ngathi:

• Iintlungu kumalungu kunye nezihlunu;
• Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Iintlungu rhoqo esiswini;
• Ubunzima kwimemori kunye noxinzelelo;
• I-anemia ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.

Kwiimeko ezibi kakhulu, izintso, ingqondo kunye neengxaki zokukhupha isisu zingakhula kubafazi abakhulelweyo okanye ukungachumi emadodeni.

Apho ikhoyo: Ilothe inokufumaneka kwindalo iphela, kubandakanya umoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba, njengoko isisinyithi esisetyenziswa kakhulu lushishino ukwenza izinto ezinje ngeebhetri, imibhobho yamanzi, ipeyinti okanye ipetroli, umzekelo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: umntu kufuneka aphephe ukuba nezinto ezinolu hlobo lwesinyithi ekhaya, ngakumbi kwimibhobho yamanzi okanye kwiipeyinti zodonga.

2. Ityhefu yeArsenic

Iarsenic luhlobo lwesinyithi esinzima esinokubangela ukubonakala kwe:

• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo;
• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nesiyezi;
• Ukutshintsha kwentliziyo yesingqisho;
• Ukutswina rhoqo ezandleni nasezinyaweni.

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu engama-30. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubuninzi buphantsi kakhulu, esi sinyithi siqokelelana kancinci emzimbeni kwaye, kwezi meko, kukwakho nomngcipheko owandayo kakhulu womhlaza kulusu, emiphungeni, kwisibindi okanye kwisinyi.

Apho ikhoyo: inokufumaneka kwiipeyinti, idayi, amayeza, iisepha, kunye nezichumisi kunye neyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi. Ukongeza, iarsenic ikwafumaneka kumanzi emithombo yabucala engavavanywa rhoqo kwaye ichithwe zintsholongwane yiCompanhia de Água e Esgotos - CDAE.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungasebenzisi izinto eziqulathe olu hlobo lwesinyithi ekubunjweni kwayo kwaye ukunqande ukutya ukutya ngedayi okanye ngamanzi angajongwanga.

3. Ityhefu yeMercury

Ukungcoliseka komzimba yi-mercury kuhlala kubangela iimpawu ezinje:

• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Urhudo rhoqo;
• Ukuziva urhala qho;
• Iinyikima;
• Ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukutyhefa ngolu hlobo lwesinyithi kunokubangela iingxaki zezintso kunye nengqondo, kunye notshintsho kumbono, ukuva kunye neengxaki zememori.

Apho ikhoyo: Amanzi angcolileyo, ukudibana ngqo nemekyuri, ukudibana nezibane zangaphakathi okanye iibhetri kunye nonyango lwamazinyo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: musa ukusebenzisa amanzi okanye ukutya okubonakala ngathi kungcolisekile, kwaye utshintshise zonke izinto ezine-mercury ekwakhiweni kwazo, ngakumbi iithemometha kunye nezibane ezindala.

Qonda ngcono ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa ungcoliswe yimekyuri.

4. Ityhefu ye-Barium

I-Barium luhlobo lwesinyithi esinzima esingabangeli ukuba umhlaza uphuhle, nangona kunjalo, kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje:

• Ukuphalaza;
• Isisu esiswini kunye nerhudo;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha.

Ukongeza, abanye abantu banokufumana ukonyuka okuqhubekayo koxinzelelo lwegazi.

Apho ikhoyo: ezinye iintlobo zezibane zefluorescent, ezomlilo, iipeyinti, izitena, iziqwenga zeceramic, iglasi, irabha kunye novavanyo oluthile lokuqonda isifo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: kuthintele ukuya kwiindawo zokwakha ngaphandle kwesigqubuthelo sokhuselo ukunqanda ukusezela okanye ukufaka uthuli olungcoliswe yi-barium.

5. Ityhefu yeCadmium

Ukungeniswa kwe-cadmium kunokubangela:

• Isisu esibuhlungu;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Urhudo.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukungenisa okanye ukusezela le ntsimbi kunokubangela isifo sezintso, iingxaki zemiphunga kunye nokwenza buthathaka kwamathambo.

Apho ikhoyo: Kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba okanye amatye, kunye nakwamalahle, izichumisi zezimbiwa, iibhetri kunye neeplastikhi zezinye izinto zokudlala.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: musa ukusebenzisa izinto eziqulathe olu hlobo lwesinyithi ekubunjweni kwayo kwaye kuthintele ukutshaya, kuba icuba linamalahle alungiselela unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-cadmium kunye nemiphunga.

6. Ityhefu yeChromium

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokunxila kwe-chromium kungenxa yokuphefumla. Xa oku kusenzeka, iimpawu ezinje:

• Ukucaphuka kwempumlo;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Isifuba kunye nokukhohlela okungapheliyo.

Kwixesha elide, kunokuvela izilonda ezingapheliyo esibindini, kwizintso, kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi nakwisikhumba.

Apho ikhoyo: I-chromium isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ngentsimbi engenasici, isamente, iphepha kunye nerabha kwaye, ke, inokuphefumla ngokulula kwiindawo zokwakha okanye ngexesha lokutshiswa kwephepha okanye irabha, umzekelo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka: umntu kufuneka atyelele iindawo zokwakha enemaski kuphela kwaye aphephe ukutsha kwephepha okanye irabha.