Yintoni iProtan Colour Blind?

Umxholo

• Yintoni?
• Iindidi zombala weprotan
• Yintoni umntu aneprotanopia anokuyibona
• Uvavanyo kunye noxilongo
• Unyango
• Ukuphila ngombala weprotan
• Ziqhelanise neendlela zokukhumbula
• Lungelelanisa iilebuli zakho
• Phuhlisa ezinye izivamvo zakho
• Gxila kukukhanya okuhle
• Sebenzisa iindlela zokufikelela
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukukwazi kwethu ukubona ngombala wombala kuxhomekeke kubukho kunye nokusebenza kombala wokujonga ukukhanya kwii-cones zamehlo ethu. Ubumfama bombala, okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kombala, kwenzeka xa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi khoni zingasebenzi.

Xa i-pigment long-sensing pigment yamehlo ilahlekile okanye ingasebenzi kakuhle, ibangela uhlobo lobumfama bombala obizwa ngokuba yi-protan color blindness. Abantu abanemfama engumbala weprotan banengxaki yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza.

Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha ukuba yintoni umbala wobuprotheni obunemibala, kwaye zeziphi iimvavanyo kunye nokhetho lonyango olufumanekayo kwabo banolu hlobo lobumfama bombala.

Yintoni?

Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni umbala wobumfama obungenayo imibala, kuyanceda ukufunda indlela ii-cones zamehlo ezivelisa ngayo umbala.

Ngaphakathi kwiicones zamehlo kukho izinto ezithile, ezibizwa ngokuba ziifotopopment, eziva ubungakanani bamaza okukhanya.

Iikhowuni ze-wavelength ezimfutshane (i-S-cones) zibona iblue, ii-cones wavelength cones (M-cones) zibona okuluhlaza, kunye nee-cones ze-long wave (L-cones) zibona zibomvu.

Xa ii-L-cones zilahlekile okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle, oku kubangela uhlobo lokunqongophala kombala obomvu-luhlaza owaziwa ngokuba ngumbala weprotan.

Ubumfama obunombala oluhlaza-buluhlaza buchaphazela phantse iipesenti ezisi-8 zamadoda kunye neepesenti ezi-0.5 zabasetyhini kwihlabathi liphela, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo bubumfama obomvu-luhlaza. Umbala wobumfama ngokwawo ubangelwa luhlobo olunxibelelene no-X, yiyo loo nto amadoda kusenokwenzeka ukuba achaphazeleke kunabafazi.

Kungenxa yokuba amadoda ane-X enye ye-chromosome, kwaye ke ifuna kuphela utshintsho olunye kwimfuza ukuze imeko yenzeke. Abasetyhini, nangona kunjalo, banee-chromosomes ezimbini ze-X, kwaye ke ngenxa yoko baya kufuna iinguqu ezimbini zemfuza ukuze babe kwimeko.

Iindidi zombala weprotan

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zobumfama bombala, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lungahluka kwindlela ekuluchaphazela kakubi ngayo umbono wombala womntu. Umbala wobume beProtan ngokubanzi ubangela ukuba amehlo abenengxaki yokwahlula phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza.

Ezi ndidi zimbini zobume bemfama protan ziiprotanomaly kunye neprotanopia.

• Protanomaly kwenzeka xa ii-L-cones zikhona kodwa azisebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, amehlo abona bomvu njengokuluhlaza.
• Protanopia kwenzeka xa ii-L-cones zilahlekile ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle kwe-L-cones, amehlo anengxaki yokwahlula phakathi kohlaza kunye nobomvu.

Iindidi ezahlukileyo zobumfama bombala, ezibandakanya umbala weprotan umbala, zinokusukela kobo bumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Umzekelo, iprotanomaly inamandla kune-protanopia kwaye ngokubanzi ayibangeli zininzi iingxaki kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iprotanopia, ukuba lolona hlobo lubukhali ngakumbi lobumfama obomvu-luhlaza, ibangela umbono ohluke kakhulu wobomvu nohlaza.

Yintoni umntu aneprotanopia anokuyibona

Nanku umfanekiso ojongwa ngumntu ngaphandle kobumfama bombala:

Protanopia

Nantsi indlela umfanekiso ofanayo onokubonakala ngayo kumntu one-protanopia:

Umbono oqhelekileyo

Uvavanyo kunye noxilongo

Uvavanyo lombono wombala, okanye uvavanyo lombala we-Ishihara, lusebenzisa uthotho lwamacwecwe ombala ukuvavanya ukwanela kombono. Ipleyiti nganye yombala inamachaphaza amancinci amibala. Amanye ala machaphaza anemibala acwangciswe ngokwamanani okanye isimboli embindini weplate.

Ukuba unombala opheleleyo, uya kuba nakho ukubona nokuchonga inani okanye isimboli ekhoyo emfanekisweni.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunayo umbono opheleleyo wombala, usenokungakwazi ukubona inani okanye uphawu kwiipleyiti ezithile kwaphela. Uhlobo lobumfama obunemibala obunalo unquma ukuba yintoni onokuyenza kwaye ungayiboni kwiipleyiti.

Ngelixa uninzi loogqirha bamehlo banokunikezela ngovavanyo lokungaboni kakuhle ngombala, zimbalwa iinkampani eziphambili ezijolise ekuboneleleni ngeemvavanyo zombala zasimahla kwi-intanethi.

I-EnChroma, enye yeenkampani eziphambili ekuveliseni itekhnoloji yabantu abanombala wobumfama, inoVavanyo lweMibala engaboniyo kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Uvavanyo luthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emi-2 ukwenza kwaye luya kukwazisa ukuba ubumfama bombala wakho bumnene, buphakathi, okanye bunzima.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unemibala engaboniyo kwaye uziva ukuba uya kuzuza kwisifo esisemthethweni, unokucwangcisa uvavanyo lokujonga umbala kunye nengcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo.

Unyango

Okwangoku akukho nyango lokungaboni umbala weprotan. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkampani ezivelisa izixhobo zabantu abangaboniyo ngombala ukunceda ukuphucula ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, iiglasi ze-EnChroma zithengisiwe njengendlela yokuphucula ukwahlula imibala kunye nokuqaqamba kombala kubantu abanombala wobumfama. Inye ukusuka ku-2018 kuvavanye ukuba zisebenza njani ezi ndidi zeglasi ekuphuculeni umbono wemibala kubathathi-nxaxheba.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iiglasi ze-EnChroma ziye zatshintsha umbono wemibala esele ibonwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba. Nangona kunjalo, iiglasi azinakuphucula uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo okanye zibuyisele umbono oqhelekileyo wombala.

Ukuba unomdla ekusebenziseni ukhetho olukhoyo lokungaboni umbala weprotan, ungandwendwela ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.

Ukuphila ngombala weprotan

Uninzi lwabantu abanemfama engumbala weprotan bakhokelela kubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungaboni umbala kungenza imisebenzi ethile yemihla ngemihla ibe nzima ngakumbi, njengokuqhuba, ukupheka, kunye nokusebenzisa i-elektroniki.

Iindlela zolawulo, ezinje ngokunkqaya, ukutshintsha ukukhanya, kunye neenkqubo zokulebhelisha, kunokuba luncedo ekuhambeni kubomi bemihla ngemihla xa unemfama engumbala.

Ziqhelanise neendlela zokukhumbula

Umbala wobume beProtan unefuthe elikhulu ekuqhubeni. Olubomvu ngumbala osetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimpawu zendlela kunye neempawu, ukusuka kwizibane zokumisa ukuya kwiimpawu zokumisa.

Ukukhumbula ngentloko iodolo kunye nokujonga kweempawu zendlela kunye neempawu ezinokukunceda uqhubeke uqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo, nokuba ungumbala wobumfama.

Lungelelanisa iilebuli zakho

Ukukhetha indibaniselwano ethile yesinxibo kunokuba nzima ngobumfama bombala weprotan, ngakumbi umbala obomvu nohlaza. Kubantu abanemfama engqongqo ngakumbi, ukuba nomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho abacwangcisileyo kunye neelebheli zokunxiba kunokuba luncedo olukhulu.

Ungasebenzisa umbutho kunye nenkqubo yelebheli ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo, enokukunceda xa ukhetha iimpahla.

Phuhlisa ezinye izivamvo zakho

Ukujoja, ukunambitha, ukubamba kunye nokuva zizinto ezine ezisinceda sihambe kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko ezisisiseko, abantu abanemfama engumbala weprotan banokusebenzisa zonke ezi zivamvo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, ngaphandle kombono opheleleyo wombala, ivumba kunye nokungcamla kunokuba luncedo kwimisebenzi enjengokupheka ukutya kunye nokukhetha imveliso entsha.

Gxila kukukhanya okuhle

Umbono wombala uncitshiswe ngokumangalisayo ngokungabikho kokukhanya okufanelekileyo. Abantu abanemibala engaboniyo yeprotan bayazuza ekukhanyeni okuhle kuba kunokubanceda ukuba bahlule phakathi kwemibala esele beyibona.

Ukufaka ukukhanya kwendalo kunye neebhalbhu zasemini ekhaya kwaye nasemsebenzini kunokuba luncedo olukhulu kubantu abanombala wobumfama.

Sebenzisa iindlela zokufikelela

Uninzi lwe-elektroniki, ezinje ngeefowuni, iiTV, kunye neekhompyuter, zibonelela ngokufikeleleka kubantu abanombala wobumfama. Olu khetho lunokunceda ukulungelelanisa imibala ethile kwiscreen ukwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye ii -apps kwintengiso ezinokunceda abantu abane-colorblindness bachonge imibala abangazukuyibona.

Umgca wezantsi

Imfama yombala weProtan luhlobo lokunqongophala kombono okwenzeka xa umbala wombala obomvu wamehlo ulahlekile okanye ungasebenzi.

Zimbini iintlobo zobumfama bombala we-protan: i-protanomaly kunye ne-protanopia.

Iprotanomaly luhlobo oluthambileyo lobumfama obuluhlaza-luhlaza, ngelixa iprotanopia yeyona fomu iqatha. Zonke iintlobo zobumfama bombala, kubandakanya iprotanomaly kunye neprotanopia, zinokuchongwa kuvavanyo lombono.

Nokuba ufunyaniswe unebala elingumbala weprotan, utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla lunokukunceda uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obanelisayo.