Uvavanyo lwe-PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

Umxholo

• Yintoni uvavanyo lwePSA?
• Impikiswano malunga novavanyo lwePSA
• Kutheni uvavanyo lwe-PSA lufuneka?
• Ndizilungiselela njani uvavanyo lwePSA?
• Uqhutywa njani uvavanyo lwe-PSA?
• Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwePSA?
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela emva kovavanyo lwePSA?
• Q:
• A:

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwePSA?

Uvavanyo lwe-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) lilinganisa inqanaba le-PSA egazini lendoda. I-PSA yiprotein eveliswa ziiseli zeprostate, incindi encinci ephantsi kwesinyi sakho. I-PSA ijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba wakho kumanqanaba asezantsi ngawo onke amaxesha.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lubuthathaka kwaye lunokubona amanqanaba aphezulu kune-avareji ePSA. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-PSA anokudityaniswa nomhlaza wedlala lobudoda ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba aphezulu e-PSA anokuthetha ukuba unemeko engenabungozi ekonyusa amanqanaba akho e-PSA.

Ngokwengxelo ye, umhlaza wedlala lobudoda ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo emadodeni eUnited States, ngaphandle komhlaza wolusu ongengowomhlaza wesibeletho.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lulodwa alunikezeli ngolwazi olwaneleyo kugqirha wakho ukuze enze isifo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokuthatha iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PSA xa uthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba iimpawu zakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zibangelwa ngumhlaza okanye enye imeko.

Impikiswano malunga novavanyo lwePSA

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA luphikisana kuba oogqirha kunye neengcali abaqinisekanga ukuba izibonelelo zokufunyanwa kwangethuba zingaphezulu komngcipheko wokungaxilongwa. Akucaci nokuba uvavanyo lokuhlola luyasindisa ubomi.

Ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye lunokubona ukwanda kwamanani e-PSA kwizinga eliphantsi, inokufumana umhlaza omncinci kakhulu ngekhe ubeke ubomi emngciphekweni. Ngokukwanjalo, uninzi lwamagqirha onyango kunye noochamo bakhetha uku-odola i-PSA njengovavanyo lokuhlola kumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-overdiagnosis. Amadoda amaninzi anokujamelana neengxaki kunye nemingcipheko yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango lokukhula okuncinci kunokuba bekunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza wabo ushiywe ungafunyanwanga.

Akuthandabuzeki ukuba loo mhlaza mncinci ungakhe ubange iimpawu ezinkulu kunye neengxaki kuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, ubukhulu becala kodwa ayizizo zonke iimeko, ngumhlaza okhula kancinci.

Akukho nqanaba elithile le-PSA elithathwa njengesiqhelo kuwo onke amadoda. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oogqirha babecinga inqanaba le-PSA le-4.0 nanograms ngeemililitha okanye ezantsi njengesiqhelo, inika ingxelo.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakutsha nje lubonakalisile ukuba amanye amadoda anezinga eliphantsi le-PSA anomdlavuza wesibeletho kwaye amadoda amaninzi anezinga eliphezulu le-PSA awanawo umhlaza. Prostatitis, usulelo lomchamo, amayeza athile, kunye nezinye izinto zinokubangela ukuba amanqanaba akho e-PSA atshintshe.

Imibutho emininzi, kubandakanya ne-US Preventive Services Task Force, ngoku icebisa ukuba amadoda aneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-69 athathe isigqibo sokuya kuvavanyo lwe-PSA, emva kokuthetha nogqirha wabo. Ukuqwalaselwa emva kweminyaka engama-70 akukhuthazwa.

Kutheni uvavanyo lwe-PSA lufuneka?

Onke amadoda asemngciphekweni womhlaza wedlala lobudoda, kodwa abantu abambalwa kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhule. Oku kubandakanya:

• amadoda amakhulu
• Amadoda ase-Afrika-aseMelika
• Amadoda anembali yosapho yomhlaza webele

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-PSA kwiscreen seempawu zomhlaza wesibeletho. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ugqirha ungasebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-digital rectal ukujonga ukukhula. Kolu vavanyo, baya kubeka umnwe osigusha kwiglobhu lakho ukuze uve iprostate yakho.

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lomhlaza wedlala lobudoda, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-PSA:

• ukumisela ukuba yintoni ebangela ukungaqheleki komzimba kwiprotrate yakho efunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba
• ukunceda ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kuluqala nini unyango, ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza webele
• Ukujonga unyango lomhlaza wamadlala akho

Ndizilungiselela njani uvavanyo lwePSA?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-PSA, qiniseka ukuba bayayazi nayiphi na imigqaliselo okanye amayeza angaphezulu kwekhawuntareni, iivithamini, okanye izongezo ozithathayo. Amanye amachiza anokubangela ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zibe sezantsi ngobuxoki.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba amayeza akho anokuphazamisana neziphumo, banokugqiba ekubeni bacele uvavanyo olwahlukileyo okanye bangacela ukuba uphephe ukuthatha amayeza akho kangangeentsuku ukuze iziphumo zakho zichaneke.

Uqhutywa njani uvavanyo lwe-PSA?

Isampuli yegazi lakho iya kuthunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze iphinde ihlolwe. Ukurhoxisa igazi kumthambo okanye umthambo, umboneleli wezempilo uhlala efaka inaliti ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho.Unokuziva iintlungu ezibukhali, ezihlabayo okanye inimba encinci njengoko inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni wakho.

Nje ukuba baqokelele igazi elaneleyo kwisampulu, baya kuyisusa inaliti kwaye babambe uxinzelelo kwindawo yokumisa ukopha. Baya kuthi emva koko babeke ibhandeji lokuncamathelisa ngaphezulu kwendawo yokufaka ukuba ungopha ngaphezulu.

Isampuli yegazi lakho iya kuthunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa kunye nohlalutyo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba baya kulandelelana nawe malunga neziphumo zakho, okanye ukuba ngaba kufuneka wenze idinga lokuza ukuze uxoxe ngeziphumo zakho.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lunokwenziwa nakwikhithi yokuvavanya ekhaya. Ungathenga ikhithi yovavanyo kwi-Intanethi kwiLetsGetChecked Apha.

Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwePSA?

Ukutsala igazi kuthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba imithambo kunye nemithambo iyahluka ngobukhulu nobunzulu, ukufumana isampulu yegazi akusoloko kulula.

Umboneleli wezempilo otsala igazi lakho kungafuneka azame imithambo emininzi kwiindawo ezininzi emzimbeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba afumane enye ebavumela ukuba bafumane igazi elaneleyo.

Ukutsala igazi kukwaneminye imingcipheko eliqela. Oku kubandakanya umngcipheko woku:

• isiqaqa
• ukopha kakhulu
• Ndiziva ndinentloko elula okanye ndinesiyezi
• usulelo kwindawo yokubhoboza
• ihematoma, okanye igazi eliqokelelwe phantsi kolusu, kwindawo yokugqobhoza

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga. Ugqirha wakho emva koko unokukrokrela ukuba unomdlavuza wesibeletho kwaye ucebise i-prostate biopsy xa ungenawo umhlaza.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela emva kovavanyo lwePSA?

Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-PSA aphakanyisiwe, uya kudinga iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze ufunde unobangela. Ngaphandle komhlaza wesibeletho, izizathu ezinokubakho zokunyuka kwe-PSA zibandakanya:

• ukufakwa kutsha nje kwetyhubhu ye-catheter kwisinyi sakho ukunceda ukucoca umchamo
• uvavanyo lwakutshanje kwisinyi okanye iprostate
• usulelo lomchamo
• i-prostatitis, okanye iprotrate evuthayo
• iprotrate enesifo
• i-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), okanye iprostate eyandisiweyo

Ukuba unomngcipheko ophakamileyo womhlaza wesibeletho okanye ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unomdlavuza wesibeletho, uvavanyo lwe-PSA lungasetyenziselwa njengenxalenye yeqela elikhulu leemvavanyo ukufumanisa nokufumanisa umdlavuza wesibeletho. Olunye uvavanyo olunokufuna lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-digital rectal
• uvavanyo lwe-PSA yasimahla (fPSA)
• iimvavanyo eziphindiweyo zePSA
• i-prostate biopsy

Q:

Zeziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wedlala endimele ndizilumkele?

A:

Ngelixa amanqanaba okuqala omhlaza wedlala lobudoda ahlala engenazo iimpawu, iimpawu zeklinikhi zihlala zikhula njengoko umhlaza uqhubela phambili. Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya: ubunzima bokuchama (umzekelo, ukuthandabuza okanye ukuqhuba, ukuhamba komchamo okungalunganga); igazi kwiimbewu; igazi kumchamo (hematuria); iintlungu zangasese okanye zangasemva; kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile (ED).