Ukucocwa vs Amanzi aQhelekileyo ngaManzi: Yintoni umahluko?

Umxholo

• Yintoni Amanzi Acociweyo?
• IziBonelelo zezeMpilo zaManzi acocekileyo
• Iziphosiso ezinokubakho zaManzi acocekileyo
• Amanzi afihliweyo luhlobo lwamanzi acocekileyo
• Izibonelelo zaManzi aDibeneyo
• Iingozi ezinokubakho zaManzi aDibeneyo
• Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba ukhethe amanzi acocekileyo kunamanzi aQhelekileyo?
• Uwahlambulula njani amanzi akho okusela
• Umgca osezantsi

Ukufumana amanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho.

Iseli nganye emzimbeni wakho ifuna amanzi ukuze asebenze ngokufanelekileyo, yiyo loo nto kufuneka uqhubeke nokuhambisa amanzi imini yonke.

Uninzi lwabantu luyazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukungenwa kwamanzi, kodwa abanye badidekile malunga nolona hlobo lwamanzi okusela.

Eli nqaku liphanda umahluko phakathi kwamanzi acocekileyo, acociweyo kunye aqhelekileyo ukufumana ukuba loluphi olona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuhambisa amanzi.

Yintoni Amanzi Acociweyo?

Amanzi acociweyo ngamanzi acociweyo okanye asetyenzisiweyo ukususa ukungcola okunje ngeekhemikhali nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.

Ihlala iveliswa kusetyenziswa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi etephu.

Ngokuhlanjululwa, iintlobo ezininzi zokungcola ziyasuswa, kubandakanya ():

• Iintsholongwane
• Ulwelwe
• Ngunda
• IiParasites
• Amatye afana nobhedu kunye nelothe
• Izinto ezingcolisa imichiza

Iindlela ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukucoca amanzi ngokuthengisa nasekhaya.

Kwinkoliso yamazwe aseNtshona, amanzi okusela oluntu ayahlanjululwa ukwenza amanzi akhuseleke ukuba angasetyenziswa ngabantu.

Nangona kunjalo, imigangatho yamanzi okusela kwihlabathi liphela iyahluka kwaye ihlala isekwe kwimigaqo karhulumente okanye imigangatho yamanye amazwe.

Ngapha koko, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-2.1 yezigidigidi zabantu abanakho ukufikelela kumanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ().

Kumazwe acoca amanzi okusela esidlangalaleni, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukwenza amanzi ukuba akhuseleke, kubandakanya ():

• Coagulation kunye flocculation: Iikhemikhali ezihlawuliswe ngokufanelekileyo zongezwa emanzini ukubopha ngamasuntswana ahlawuliswe kakubi ukuze acocwe. Oku kwenza amasuntswana amakhulu abizwa ngokuba yi-floc.
• Intlenge: Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-floc ihlala emazantsi onikezelo lwamanzi, yahlulwe emanzini acocekileyo.
• Ukucoca Amanzi acocekileyo ngaphezulu konikezelo emva koko ahamba kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokucoca ezenziwe ngesanti, ngamalahle kunye nohlalu. Oku kususa ukungcola njengothuli, ibhaktiriya, imichiza kunye neentsholongwane.
• Intsholongwane: Kweli nqanaba, amachiza okubulala iintsholongwane afana neklorine ayongezwa emanzini ukubulala naziphi na iintsholongwane ezisele okanye intsholongwane enokuthi isinde kumanyathelo okuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amanzi anokucocwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi endawo.

Isishwankathelo: Amanzi acociweyo ngamanzi esele enziwe ukususa ukungcola okufana nokungcola kunye neekhemikhali. Kumazwe amaninzi, amanzi etephini ayahlanjululwa ukwenzela ukuba kukhuseleke ukutyiwa ngabantu.

IziBonelelo zezeMpilo zaManzi acocekileyo

Ngelixa amanzi etepu ekhuselekile ukuba angawasela kwiindawo ezininzi, isenokuqulatha izinto ezingafunekiyo.

Umzekelo, i-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo yaseMelika (i-EPA) iseta imida yezomthetho ethathwa njengekhuselekileyo kubathengi ngaphezulu kokungcola okungama-90 emanzini okusela (4).

Nangona kunjalo, umThetho oSelwayo wokuSela aManzi unika amazwe ngamanye amandla okulawula amanqanaba abo okusela amanzi, ukuba nje bayazifezekisa ezona mfuno zisezantsi ze-EPA yokungcola (5).

Oku kuthetha ukuba amanye amazwe anemigaqo engqongqo yokusela amanzi kunamanye.

Nangona kuthathwe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi okusela oluntu akhuselekile ukuba angasetyenziswa, anokuqulatha izixa zokungcola ezinokuchaphazela kakubi impilo.

Umzekelo, isinyithi esinzima sikhokelela kunye nobhedu luyityhefu kakhulu empilweni. Banokubangela uxinzelelo lwesisu kwaye baholele ekonakaleni kwengqondo xa bengenile ngokuhamba kwexesha (,).

Ezi zintsimbi zinzima ziye zaziwa ngokungena emanzini okusela, nkqu nakumazwe apho imithombo yamanzi yoluntu ilawulwa ngokusondeleyo ().

Ngokusebenzisa izihluzi zamanzi ekhaya okanye ukusela amanzi acociweyo asebhotileni, amanzi okusela adlula kwelinye inqanaba lokucoca elinokususa isinyithi, imichiza kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkqubo yokuhlanjululwa esetyenzisiweyo.

Iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi ezinjengezihluzo zamalahle zisusa iklorine, ikhemikhali eqhelekileyo eyongezwa kuluntu njengoncedo lokubulala iintsholongwane.

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zadibanisa amanzi ane-chlorine kunye nomngcipheko owandisiweyo womhlaza othile, kubandakanya umhlaza wecolorectal cancer (,).

Esinye isibonelelo sokucocwa kwamanzi kukuba isusa ukungathandwa okungathandekiyo okunxulunyaniswa nonyango lweekhemikhali, izinto eziphilayo okanye imibhobho yesinyithi, ikushiye namanzi okusela amnandi nacocekileyo.

Isishwankathelo: Ukucocwa kwamanzi kususa ukungcola okunokuhlala emanzini okusela kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi kunye nencasa.

Iziphosiso ezinokubakho zaManzi acocekileyo

Ngelixa amanzi acocekileyo enezibonelelo ezininzi zempilo, ikwanazo neziphene ezinokubakho.

Umzekelo, i-fluoride yiminerali eyongezwa kuluntu ekuselweni kwamanzi kwamanye amazwe ukuphucula impilo yamazinyo kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwamazinyo ().

Nangona le ndlela ikhokelele ekunciphiseni ukubola kwamazinyo ebantwaneni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemngciphekweni, abanye bathi amanzi aphefumlelweyo awafanelekanga kwimingcipheko yempilo enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwawo.

Amanqanaba e-fluoride agqithisileyo anokuba yityhefu kuzo zombini iiseli zengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kumanqanaba aphezulu e-fluoride kunxulunyaniswe nokufunda, inkumbulo kunye nokusilela kwengqondo).

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zithi inqanaba le-fluoride efumaneka emanzini okusela likhuselekile kwaye liluncedo ekunciphiseni ukubola kwamazinyo, ngakumbi kubantwana abachanabeke kwi-fluoride kuphela ngamanzi okusela ().

Uphando ngokhuseleko nokusebenza ngokusempilweni kwamanzi ayaqhubeka, kodwa abo basela amanzi acocekileyo kufuneka bazi ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zokucoca zisusa ifluoride emanzini okusela.

Ezinye izinto ezingalunganga zamanzi acociweyo zibandakanya:

• Gcina: Iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi kufuneka zigcinwe rhoqo. Ukuba ayigcinwanga ngokufanelekileyo, izinto ezingcolisayo zinokwakha kwiifilitha ezindala kwaye zingene emanzini akho okusela.
• Ngamana ungasusi ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo: Nangona iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi zisusa ukungcola okuninzi, izibulali zinambuzane ezithile kunye neekhemikhali zinokuhlala kumanzi acociweyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokucoca okusetyenzisiweyo.
• Ixabiso: Zombini ukufaka inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi emakhaya kunye nokuthenga amanzi acocekileyo asebhotileni kungabiza, ezinye iinkqubo zibiza amakhulu eedola.
• Inkunkuma: Ukuthenga amanzi acocekileyo kwiibhotile zeplastikhi kukhokelela kwinkunkuma enkulu, njengoko kunjalo nangokulahla izihluzi ezisetyenzisiweyo ezivela kwiinkqubo zokucoca ekhaya.

Isishwankathelo: Ukucocwa kwamanzi akunakususa konke ukungcola emanzini okusela, kwaye iinkqubo ezithile zokucoca zinokubiza kwaye zibandakanye ukugcinwa. Iindlela ezithile zokucoca zisusa i-fluoride, ityuwa eyongezwe emanzini okusela ukuphucula impilo yamazinyo.

Amanzi afihliweyo luhlobo lwamanzi acocekileyo

Amanzi afakiweyo aqhubekile ngenkqubo yokuhluza ukususa ukungcola.

Zilahlwayo kubandakanya amanzi abilayo kunye nokuqokelela umphunga, obuyela emanzini emva kokupholisa.

Le nkqubo iyasebenza kakhulu ekususeni ukungcola okufana neebhaktiriya, iintsholongwane, iprotozoa njengegiardia kunye neekhemikhali ezinje nge lead kunye nesulfate (14).

Ngenxa yokuba amanzi acocekileyo acoceke ngokungaqhelekanga, aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kumaziko ezonyango nakwiilebhu.

Nangona ukusela amanzi acoliweyo kungaqhelekanga njengokuselwa kwezinye iintlobo zamanzi acociweyo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukuwasela kuba engenazinto zingcolisayo.

Izibonelelo zaManzi aDibeneyo

I-distillation yamanzi yindlela efanelekileyo yokususa ukungcola emanzini okusela.

Amanqanaba amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali kwimithombo yoluntu enjengamanzi empompo aya kuxhomekeka kwindawo okuyo kunye neearhente ezilawula ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela kwilizwe lakho.

Amanzi afihliweyo akanakusetyenziswa ekungcoliseni izinto ezifana neyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi kunye neebhaktiriya, ezinokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Umzekelo, abo bane-HIV / AIDS kunye nomhlaza othile basemngciphekweni wokonyuka wokugula ngenxa yokungcola ekutyeni nakumanzi kwaye banokufumana inzuzo ngokusela amanzi acoliweyo ().

Ngaphezulu, njengezinye iindlela zokuhlanjululwa, amanzi acocekileyo asusa ngokufanelekileyo i-chlorine emanzini okusela, anokuphucula incasa yamanzi ngelixa kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwi-chlorine.

Iingozi ezinokubakho zaManzi aDibeneyo

Ngelixa amanzi acoliweyo lolona hlobo lwamanzi acocekileyo, ayisiyonto iphilileyo.

Inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa iyasebenza kakhulu ekususeni ukungcola okunokuba yingozi, kodwa ikwasusa izimbiwa zendalo kunye neeelectrolyte ezifumaneka emanzini.

Kunye nokungcola okungafunekiyo, iiminerali eziluncedo ezinje ngecalcium kunye nemagniziyam nayo ishiywe ngasemva njengoko kuphuma umphunga ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhluzwa.

Ngapha koko, i-distillation isusa malunga ne-99.9% yazo zonke iiminerali ezifumaneka kumanzi empompo (16).

Nangona amanzi engacingelwanga njengesixhobo samaminerali, nayiphi na into ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukungenisa ii-micronutrients eziyimfuneko kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yakho.

Umzekelo, ukusela amanzi asezantsi kwi-calcium kunye ne-magnesium kunxulunyaniswa nokwanda komngcipheko wokuqhekeka, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kunye nesifo sentliziyo (,).

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amanzi etepu ayingowona mthombo uphambili wokungenisa izimbiwa kubantu abaninzi, kwaye ukusela amanzi acoliweyo kufuneka kukhuseleke ngokude kulandelwe ukutya okunesondlo.

Njengezinye iindlela zokuzihlambulula, i-distillation isusa i-fluoride emanzini okusela, anokubeka abo bakhetha ukusela amanzi afakwe kwi-distilled ngomngcipheko owandayo wemingxunya.

Oku kwenza ukuba kubalulekile kwabo basela amanzi acoliweyo ukugcina ucoceko olufanelekileyo lwamazinyo.

Isishwankathelo: Amanzi afakiweyo luhlobo lwamanzi acociweyo asimahla ngaphandle kokungcola. Inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kokususa i-fluoride kunye neemaminerali zendalo ezifumaneka kumanzi okusela.

Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba ukhethe amanzi acocekileyo kunamanzi aQhelekileyo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, imithombo yamanzi okusela esidlangalaleni njengamanzi empompo ikhuselekile ngenxa yemida engqongqo engcolisayo ebekwe ziiarhente zolawulo.

Nangona kunjalo, amanzi okusela anokungcoliseka yimithombo yendalo okanye imisebenzi yabantu, echaphazela umgangatho wamanzi (19).

Ngesi sizathu, inokuba licebo elilungileyo ukutyala imali kwinkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, ngakumbi abo bangakhuselekanga emzimbeni kwaye banokuchaphazeleka kukugula ngamanzi angcolileyo.

Kumazwe apho ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kungumba, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo ngenxa yokungabikho kogutyulo lwelindle, ukukhetha amanzi asebhotileni okanye acocekileyo kuhlala kuyeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.

Iindidi ezininzi zeenkqubo zokucoca ziyafumaneka, kubandakanya amalahle kunye neefilitha ze-UV, ezisusa ukungcola okunokuphila kwinkqubo yokuqala, yokuhlanjululwa okukhulu uninzi lwamanzi ompompo oluhamba ngalo.

Oko bekutshiwo, kumazwe apho amanzi okusela esidlangalaleni alawulwa ngomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko, amanzi okusela asetephini akhuselekile.

Ukuba ubuza umgangatho wamanzi akho empompo, ungawavavanya amanzi ngokuthenga ikhithi yovavanyo lwasekhaya okanye ngokunxibelelana nearhente yokuvavanya amanzi kwindawo yakho.

Isishwankathelo: Nangona ukusebenzisa amanzi empompo kukhuselekile kumazwe apho kulawulwa khona amanzi okusela, ukucocwa kwamanzi kunokuba yimfuneko kwiindawo apho ungcoliseko lwamanzi lungumcimbi.

Uwahlambulula njani amanzi akho okusela

Uninzi lwemithombo yoluntu yokusela amanzi ilawulwa kukhuseleko, kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa izinto zokucoca amanzi emakhaya ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.

Iiyunithi zokucoca amanzi ezindlini zinokuphucula incasa okanye ivumba lamanzi etephu kunye nokususa ukungcola okuthile.

Iinkqubo zonyango lwe-Point-of-use (POU) zihlambulula kuphela amanzi asetyenziselwa ukuselwa (ukusela kunye nokupheka). Inkqubo yokungena (PUE) yeenkqubo zonyango zihlala ziphatha onke amanzi angena ekhaya (20).

Iinkqubo ze-POU zibiza ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye ke zihlala zisetyenziswa emakhaya.

Ezi nkqubo zokuhluza zinamathele kumpompo okanye zihlale phantsi kwesinki kwaye zingena kwiijagi zamanzi ezimi simahla ezinezihluzo ezakhelweyo ngaphakathi njengesihluzi samanzi saseBrita.

Ezinye iifriji ziza neenkqubo zokucoca amanzi ezakhelweyo.

Uninzi lweenkqubo zokuhluza amanzi ekhaya zisebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokucoca ():

• Ukucoca Iinkqubo zokuhluza zibambisa ukungcola okungafunekiyo kumphezulu okanye pores zendlela yokufunxa. Iifilitha zamalahle ziwela kolu luhlu.
• Ukubuyela umva osmosis: Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa inwebu engenakunqunyulwa esusa ukungcola.
• Ukukhanya kwe-UV: Iinkqubo zokucoca ukukhanya kwe-UV zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukukhusela iintsholongwane emanzini ngokubulala iintsholongwane ezinobungozi kunye neentsholongwane.

Kuxhomekeke kudidi kunye nemodeli, amaxabiso anokuvela kwi-20 yeedola ukuya kumakhulu eedola.

Nokuba ukhetha oluphi uhlobo lwefilter, qiniseka ukuba ujonga iimveliso ezineziqinisekiso ezivela kwiiarhente zolawulo ezinje ngeZiko leMigangatho yeSizwe laseMelika (ANSI) kunye ne-NSF yeHlabathi.

Ezi arhente ziyaqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi emakhaya ziyahlangabezana okanye zigqithe kwimigangatho yelizwe yamanzi okusela (22).

Iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi emakhaya kufuneka zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi wokugcina, kubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwesihluzo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi akho acocwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Isishwankathelo: Zininzi iindlela zokucoca amanzi akho okusela, kubandakanya amacebo okucoca amalahle, iinkqubo zokucoca ukukhanya kwe-UV kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisa umva.

Umgca osezantsi

Ukufikelela kumanzi okusela acocekileyo kubalulekile empilweni.

Ngelixa uninzi lwemithombo yamanzi okusela yoluntu ilawulwa ngokusondeleyo kwaye ikhuselekile ukusela, uninzi luthanda ukusela amanzi acociweyo.

Amanzi acociweyo akhuselekile kwaye anganciphisa ukubekeka ezingcolisweni ezithile ezinokufumaneka kumanzi etephu.

Khumbula ukuba umgangatho wamanzi unokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Oku kufanele kube yeyona nto ichazayo xa ukhetha ukusela amanzi acocekileyo okanye amanzi etephu.