Ukuvavanywa kwemfuza kumhlaza wamabele: kwenziwa njani kwaye kubonisiwe nini

Umxholo

• Kwenziwa njani
• Uvavanyo lwe-Oncotype DX
• Ukwenza nini
• Iziphumo ezinokubakho

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza wamabele ineyona njongo iphambili yokuqinisekisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza webele, ukongeza ekuvumela ugqirha ukuba azi ukuba loluphi na utshintsho olunxulunyaniswa notshintsho lomhlaza.

Olu hlobo lovavanyo luhlala luboniswa kubantu abanezihlobo ezisondeleyo ezifunyenwe benomhlaza wamabele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, umhlaza wesibeleko okanye umhlaza wamabele wesilisa. Uvavanyo luqukethe uvavanyo lwegazi oluthi, kusetyenziswa ubuchwephesha bokuxilonga iimolekyuli, ichonge utshintsho olunye okanye nangaphezulu olunxulumene nokuchaphazeleka komhlaza wamabele, abamakishi abaphambili bacelwe kuvavanyo oluyi-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba neemviwo rhoqo kwaye wazi iimpawu zokuqala zesifo ukuze isifo senziwe kwangethuba kwaye ke, unyango luqala. Funda indlela yokuchonga iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamabele.

Kwenziwa njani

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza wamabele lwenziwa ngokuhlalutya isampulu yegazi encinci, ethi ithunyelwe elebhu ukuba ihlolwe. Ukwenza uvavanyo, akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo okanye ukuzila ukutya okufunekayo, kwaye akubangeli zintlungu, eyona nto inokwenzeka kukungonwabi okuncinci ngexesha lokuqokelela.

Olu vavanyo luneyona njongo iphambili yokuvavanya i-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 zofuzo, ezizizakhi zofuzo zokucinezela, oko kukuthi, zithintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zande. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho utshintsho kuyo nayiphi na le mizila yemfuza, umsebenzi wokumisa okanye wokulibazisa ukukhula kwethumba uphazamisekile, ngokwanda kweeseli zethumba kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kukukhula komhlaza.

Uhlobo lwendlela kunye notshintsho ekufuneka luphandiwe luchazwa ngugqirha, kunye nokusebenza:

• Gqibezela ukulandelelana, ekubonakala kuyo yonke i-genome yomntu, ukubanakho ukuchonga lonke utshintsho olunalo;
• Ulandelelwano lweGenome, apho kulandelwa kuphela imimandla ethile ye-DNA, ichonga utshintsho olukhoyo kuloo mimandla;
• Ukukhangela kuguquko oluthile, apho ugqirha abonisa ukuba loluphi uguquko afuna ukulwazi kunye novavanyo oluthile olwenziwa ukuchonga utshintsho olunqwenelekayo, le ndlela ilunge ngakumbi kubantu abanamalungu osapho aneenguqulelo zemfuza esele zichongiwe zomhlaza wamabele;
• Ukukhangela kude ukufakwa kunye nokucinywa, apho utshintsho kwiijeni ezithile luqinisekisiweyo, le ndlela ilunge ngakumbi kwabo sele belwenzile ulandelelwano kodwa bafuna ukongezwa.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza zithunyelwa kugqirha kwaye ingxelo iqulethe indlela esetyenzisiweyo yokufumanisa, kunye nobukho bezinto zofuzo kunye notshintsho oluchongiweyo, ukuba lukhona. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo, inokuxelwa kwingxelo ukuba ingakanani na into ebonakalisiweyo, enokunceda ugqirha ukujonga umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele.

Uvavanyo lwe-Oncotype DX

Uvavanyo lwe-Oncotype DX luvavanyo lwemfuza olwenziwa kuhlalutyo lwezixhobo zebeleopsy, kwaye ijolise ekuvavanyeni iintlobo ezinxulumene nomhlaza wamabele ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuqonda isifo, ezinje nge-RT-PCR. Yiyo loo nto kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha abonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo, kwaye i-chemotherapy inokuthintelwa, umzekelo.

Olu vavanyo luyakwazi ukufumanisa umhlaza webele kumanqanaba okuqala kwaye ujonge inqanaba lobundlongondlongo kunye nendlela impendulo kunyango eya kuba ngayo. Ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango olujolise ngakumbi kumhlaza lwenziwe, kuthintelwe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zekhemotherapy, umzekelo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Oncotype DX luyafumaneka kwiiklinikhi zabucala, kufuneka lwenziwe emva kwengcebiso ye-oncologist kwaye iziphumo zikhutshiwe, ngokomndilili, emva kweentsuku ezingama-20.

Ukwenza nini

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza webele luvavanyo oluboniswe yi-oncologist, i-mastologist okanye ufuzo, olwenziwe kuhlalutyo lwesampulu yegazi kwaye lwacetyiswa kubantu abanamalungu osapho afunyaniswe ukuba anomhlaza wamabele, owasetyhini okanye owesilisa, ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-50 okanye i-ovari umhlaza nangawuphi na ubudala. Ngolu vavanyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge ithuba lokuphuhliswa komhlaza wamabele.

Ngokwesiqhelo xa kukho isibonakaliso sobukho bezinto eziguqukayo kwezi zofuzo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe nomhlaza webele kubomi bonke. Kuxhomekeke kugqirha ukuchonga umngcipheko wokubonakaliswa kwesi sifo ukuze kwamkelwe amanyathelo othintelo ngokomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa esi sifo.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho

Iziphumo zoviwo zithunyelwa kugqirha ngohlobo lwengxelo, enokuthi ibe yinto elungileyo okanye engalunganga. Uvavanyo lwemfuza luthiwe lulungile xa ubukho benguquko kubukho bolunye uhlobo buqinisekisiwe, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba umntu uza kuba nomhlaza okanye ubudala apho kunokwenzeka, kufuna iimvavanyo zobungakanani .

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuguqulwa kuguquko kwi-BRCA1 gene, umzekelo, kukho ithuba lokuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-81 zophuhliso lomhlaza wamabele, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu lowo abe nokucinga ngemagneti yokujonga amandla minyaka le, ukongeza ekubeni akwazi ukwenza i-mastectomy njengendlela yokuzikhusela.

Uvavanyo olungelulo olofuzo lolunye apho kungekho tshintsho luqinisekisiweyo kuhlobo oluhlalutyiweyo, kodwa kusekho ithuba lokuba nomhlaza, nangona uphantsi kakhulu, ufuna ukubekwa esweni kwezonyango ngoviwo rhoqo. Fumana ngezinye iimvavanyo eziqinisekisa umdlavuza webele.