Umhlaza weSeli weRenal

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-renal cell carcinoma?
• Iimpawu ze-renal cell carcinoma
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-renal cell carcinoma?
• Unyango lwe-renal cell carcinoma
• Umbono emva kokuchongwa kwe-RCC

Yintoni i-renal cell carcinoma?

I-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-hypernephroma, i-renal adenocarcinoma, okanye umhlaza wezintso okanye wezintso. Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso olufunyanwa kubantu abadala.

Izintso ngamalungu emzimbeni wakho anceda ukulahla inkunkuma ngelixa ulawula ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi. Kukho iityhubhu ezincinci kwizintso ezibizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu. Oku kunceda ukucoca igazi, ukunceda ekukhupheleni inkunkuma, kunye nokunceda ukwenza umchamo. I-RCC yenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo kwimigca yeetyhubhu zezintso.

I-RCC ngumhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhlala usasazeka kwimiphunga nakwizitho ezikufutshane.

Yintoni ebangela i-renal cell carcinoma?

Iingcali zonyango azazi oyena nobangela we-RCC. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufunyanwa kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-70 kodwa anokufunyanwa nakubani na.

Kukho izinto ezinobungozi kwesi sifo, kubandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yeRCC
• unyango lwe-dialysis
• uxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukutshaya icuba
• Isifo sezintso se-polycystic (isifo esizuzwe njengelifa esibangela ukuba ii-cysts zenze izintso)
• imeko yemfuza isifo seVon Hippel-Lindau (esibonakaliswa zii-cysts kunye namathumba kwizitho ezahlukeneyo)
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okungapheliyo kwamayeza athile amiselweyo nathengwayo ekhawuntareni anje ngeziyobisi ezichasayo ezichasayo ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo samathambo, kunye namayeza omkhuhlane kunye nentlungu efana neacetaminophen

Iimpawu ze-renal cell carcinoma

Xa i-RCC ikumanqanaba ayo okuqala, abaguli abanako ukungabi nazimpawu. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• iqhuma esiswini
• igazi kumchamo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukudinwa
• iingxaki zombono
• iintlungu ezingapheliyo ecaleni
• ukukhula kakhulu kweenwele (kwabasetyhini)

Ifunyaniswa njani i-renal cell carcinoma?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unayo i-RCC, baya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yonyango kunye nosapho. Baya kuthi emva koko benze uvavanyo lomzimba. Iziphumo ezinokubonisa i-RCC zibandakanya ukudumba okanye izigaxa esiswini, okanye, emadodeni, imithambo eyandisiweyo kwisaka le-scrotal (varicocele).

Ukuba kurhanelwa i-RCC, ugqirha wakho uya kuyala inani leemvavanyo ukuze afumane isifo esichanekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo - uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhutywa ngokutsala igazi engalweni yakho uze ulithumele elebhu ukuvavanywa
• Ukuskena i-CT - uvavanyo lokucinga oluvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge kwizintso zakho ukuze abone ukukhula okungaqhelekanga
• isisu esiswini kunye nezintso - uvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wamalungu akho, ukuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akhangele amathumba kunye neengxaki ngaphakathi kwesisu
• ukuhlolwa komchamo - iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa igazi kumchamo kunye nokuhlalutya iiseli kumchamo zifuna ubungqina bomhlaza
• ingcaciso -ukususwa kwesiqwenga esincinci sezintso, esenziwe ngokufaka inaliti kwi-tumor kunye nokukhupha isampulu yethishu, ethi ke ithunyelwe kwilebhu yezifo ukuze ikhuphe okanye iqinisekise ubukho bomhlaza.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-RCC, kuya kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba kwaye umhlaza usasazekile phi na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. I-RCC ibekwe kwinqanaba 1 ukuya kwinqanaba 4, ngokonyuka kobukrakra. Uvavanyo lokulinganisa lunokubandakanya ukuskena kwethambo, ukuskena kwePET, kunye neX-ray yesifuba.

Phantse isinye kwisithathu sabantu abane-RCC banomhlaza osasazeke ngexesha lokuchongwa.

Unyango lwe-renal cell carcinoma

Zintlanu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-RCC. Inye okanye ezingaphezulu zinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wakho.

1. Ugqirha inokubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo. Ngexesha le-nephrectomy, inxenye yezintso iyasuswa. Ngexesha le-nephrectomy, izintso zonke zinokususwa. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni isifo sisasazeke kangakanani, kunokufuneka kwenziwe utyando oluninzi ukuze kususwe izicwili, ii-lymph node, kunye ne-adrenal gland. Le nephrectomy egqibeleleyo. Ukuba zombini izintso zisuswe, i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kuyimfuneko.
2. Unyango ngemitha kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu e-X-ray ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Imitha inokunikwa ngaphandle ngomatshini okanye ibekwe ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa imbewu okanye iingcingo.
3. Unyango ngamayeza isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Inokunikwa ngomlomo okanye ngaphakathi, ngokuxhomekeke kunyango olukhethiweyo. Oku kuvumela amachiza ukuba ahambe ngendlela yegazi kwaye afikelele kwiiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
4. Unyango lwebhayoloji, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-immunotherapy, isebenza kunye namajoni akho omzimba ekuhlaseleni umhlaza. Ii-enzyme okanye izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umzimba wakho kumhlaza.
5. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo olutsha lonyango lomhlaza. Iziyobisi zisetyenziselwa ukuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni. Amanye amachiza asebenza kwimithambo yegazi ukuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwithumba, "kulamba" kwaye kunciphise.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lolunye ukhetho kwezinye izigulana ezine-RCC. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luvavanya amayeza amatsha ukubona ukuba luyasebenza na ekunyangeni esi sifo. Ngexesha lokuvavanywa, uya kujongwa ngeliso elibukhali, kwaye ungalishiya ityala nanini na. Thetha neqela lakho lonyango ukubona ukuba ngaba ulingo lweklinikhi lukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Umbono emva kokuchongwa kwe-RCC

Umbono emva kokuba ufunyaniswe une-RCC uxhomekeke ikakhulu ekubeni umhlaza usasazekile kwaye luqala njani unyango kwangoko. Ngokukhawuleza xa ibanjiwe, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu, izinga lokusinda liphantsi kakhulu kunokuba libanjiwe ngaphambi kokuba lisasazeke.

Ngokwe-National Cancer Institute, iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwi-RCC ingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu kwabo bafunyaniswe benayo i-RCC bahlala ubuncinci kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuchongwa.

Ukuba umhlaza uyanyangeka okanye uyanyangeka, kusenokufuneka uphile nefuthe lexesha elide lesi sifo, elinokubandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Ukuba ukufakelwa kwezintso kwenziwe, i-dialysis engapheliyo inokufuneka kunye nonyango lwexesha elide.