Yintoni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, oonobangela, iimpawu kunye nokulindelwa kobomi

Umxholo

• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Ungakuchaza Njani Ukudodobala kwengqondo
• Iimpawu eziphambili zokudodobala kwengqondo
• Ukudodobala kwengqondo okumnene
• Ukumodareyithwa kwengqondo okuphakathi
• Ukudodobala kwengqondo okuqatha
• Izinto ozilindile emhlabane

Ukudodobala kwengqondo yimeko, ihlala ingenakuguqulwa, ebonakaliswa kukungaphantsi komqondo ngokufunda kunye nobunzima bokuziqhelanisa nentlalo, obuhlala buvela kwasekuzalweni okanye obuzibonakalisa kwiminyaka yokuqala yobuntwana.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela wokudodobala kwengqondo akaziwa, kodwa iimeko ezininzi ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokubangela okanye zibe negalelo ekukhuleni kwengqondo yomntwana, njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezithile, ukusela kakhulu utywala, unyango ngemitha nokungondleki.

Ubunzima obunxulunyaniswa nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu okanye uxinzelelo lweoksijini oluphantsi kakhulu ngexesha lokubeleka nako kunokubangela ukudodobala kwengqondo.

Ukuchaphazeleka kweChromosomal, njenge-Down syndrome, zezona zinto zibangela ukudodobala kwengqondo, kodwa le meko inokuba sisiphumo sezinye iingxaki ezinokulungiswa ngaphambi kokudodobala kwengqondo, njengakwimeko ye-phenylketonuria okanye i-cretinism, umzekelo.

Ungakuchaza Njani Ukudodobala kwengqondo

Amanqanaba okudodobala kwengqondo anokuqwalaselwa kuvavanyo lwe-intelligence quotient (IQ).

Abantwana abane-IQ yama-69 ukuya kuma-84 banokukhubazeka ekufundeni, kodwa ababonwa njengabakhubazeke ngengqondo, kodwa abo banengqondo ephantsi, abane-IQ yama-52 ukuya kuma-68, ngelixa benokukhubazeka kokufunda, banokufunda imfundo esisiseko izakhono ezifunekayo imihla ngemihla.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokudodobala kwengqondo

Ukudodobala kwengqondo kunokuhlelwa njenge:

• Ukudodobala kwengqondo okumnene

Iphawulwa nge-quotient yengqondo (IQ) phakathi kwama-52 ukuya kuma-68.

Abantwana abanedigri encinci yokuphulukana nengqondo banokufikelela kwinqanaba lokufunda elifana nelo labantwana abaphakathi kwebanga lesi-4 nelesi-6, befunda izakhono ezisisiseko zemfundo ezifunekayo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Aba bantu ngokubanzi abanazo iziphene ezibonakalayo, kodwa banokuba nesathuthwane kwaye bafuna ukujongwa kumaziko emfundo akhethekileyo. Bahlala bengakhuli kwaye bengacociswanga kakuhle, benomthamo omncinci wokunxibelelana kwezentlalo. Umgca wabo wokucinga ucacile kwaye ngokubanzi, abakwazi ukwenza ngokubanzi. Banobunzima bokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha kwaye banokuba nesigwebo esibi, ukunqongophala kokuthintela kunye nokukholelwa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye banakho ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olungxamisekileyo.

Ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa kwengqondo, bonke abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo banokuxhamla kwimfundo ekhethekileyo.

• Ukumodareyithwa kwengqondo okuphakathi

Iphawulwa yi-intelligence quotient (IQ) phakathi kwama-36 nama-51.

Bayacotha ukufunda ukuthetha okanye ukuhlala, kodwa ukuba bafumana uqeqesho olwaneleyo kunye nenkxaso, abantu abadala abaneli nqanaba lokudodobala kwengqondo bayakwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Kodwa ukunyanzelwa kwenkxaso kufuneka kusekwe kwisigulana ngasinye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthatha uncedo oluncinci ukuze sikwazi ukudityaniswa.

• Ukudodobala kwengqondo okuqatha

Iphawulwa yi-intelligence quotient (IQ) phakathi kwama-20 nama-35.

Njengeempawu zokudodobala kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kunokuqaqanjiswa nokuba kuthelekiswa nomntwana onengxaki yokudodobala kancinci, ngakumbi kwimeko apho i-IQ ingaphantsi kwe-19. Kule meko, ngokubanzi, umntwana akakwazi ukufunda, ukuthetha okanye ukuqonda ukuya kwinqanaba lifunyanwa, lihlala lifuna inkxaso ekhethekileyo yobungcali.

Izinto ozilindile emhlabane

Ulindelo lobomi babantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo lunokuba mfutshane kwaye kubonakala ngathi okukhona kusiba nzima ngakumbi kukudodobala kwengqondo, kulinciphisa ixesha lokuphila.