Iindidi zeSchizophrenia

Umxholo

• Isimo sangoku seDSM-5
• Iintlobo ze-schizophrenia
• IParanoid schizophrenia
• I-Hebephrenic / i-schizophrenia engalungelelananga
• I-schizophrenia engafaniyo
• Intsalela yesifo sengqondo
• ICatatonic schizophrenia
• I-schizophrenia yobuntwana
• Iimeko ezinxulumene neschizophrenia
• Ingxaki yeSchizoaffective
• Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni i-schizophrenia?

ISchizophrenia sisifo sengqondo esingapheliyo esichaphazela:

• iimvakalelo
• ukukwazi ukucinga ngokusengqiqweni nangokucacileyo
• ukukwazi ukunxibelelana nokunxibelelana nabanye

Ngokwe-National Alliance kwiNgqondo yeNgqondo (i-NAMI), i-schizophrenia ichaphazela malunga neepesenti enye yabantu baseMelika. Kufunyaniswa ukuba kufikiswa ebusheni okanye ebutsheni bama-20 emadodeni, nasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-20 okanye ekuqaleni ko-30 kwabasetyhini.

Iziqendu zokugula zinokuza zihambe, ngokufanayo nokugula kuxolelo. Xa kukho ixesha "elisebenzayo", umntu unokufumana:

• nemibono
• ukukhohlisa
• kunzima ukucinga nokugxila
• iflethi echaphazelekayo

Isimo sangoku seDSM-5

Iziphazamiso ezininzi zazineenguqulelo zokuqonda isifo ezenziwa kwiNcwadi entsha yoNxibelelwano kunye neNkcazo yeNgxaki yeNgqondo, uHlelo lwesi-5, kubandakanya ischizophrenia. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, umntu kwakufuneka abe neempawu zokuchongwa. Ngoku, umntu kufuneka abe neempawu ezimbini ubuncinci.

I-DSM-5 ikwasusa ii-subtypes njengeendidi zokuqonda isifo, esekwe kwimpawu yokubonisa. Oku kwafumaniseka ukuba akunakunceda, kuba uninzi lwee-subtypes zazigqithana kwaye bekucingelwa ukuba zinciphisa ubunyani bokuchonga isifo, ngokwe-American Psychiatric Association.

Endaweni yoko, ezi zinto zincinci ngoku zichaza isifo esigqibeleleyo, ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ngakumbi kugqirha.

Iintlobo ze-schizophrenia

Nangona ii-subtypes zingasekho njengeziphazamiso zeklinikhi ezahlukileyo, zisenokuba luncedo njengezicacisi kunye nocwangciso lonyango. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zodidi oluphezulu:

• paranoid
• hebephrenic
• ngokungafaniyo
• intsalela
• ikhatoni

IParanoid schizophrenia

IParanoid schizophrenia yayiyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yeschizophrenia. Ngo-2013, i-American Psychiatric Association yamisela ukuba i-paranoia yayiluphawu oluqinisekileyo lokuphazamiseka, ngenxa yoko i-paranoid schizophrenia yayingeyiyo imeko eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, emva koko yatshintshwa yaba yi-schizophrenia.

Inkcazo engezantsi isasetyenziswa nangona, ngenxa yokuba iqheleke kangakanani. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukukhohlisa
• nemibono
• intetho engalungelelaniswanga (igama lesaladi, i-echolalia)
• ingxaki yokujonga
• ukungaziphathi kakuhle (ulawulo lwempembelelo, ukubetha ngokweemvakalelo)
• Iflethi ichaphazela

Isaladi yamagama luphawu lomlomo apho amagama angacwangciswanga adityaniswa khona ngokungenangqiqo.

I-Hebephrenic / i-schizophrenia engalungelelananga

I-Hebephrenic okanye i-schizophrenia engalungelelaniswanga isaziwa yi-International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), nangona isusiwe kwi-DSM-5.

Kolu mahluko lwe-schizophrenia, umntu lowo akanawo umbono okanye ubuqhetseba. Endaweni yokuba babe nokuziphatha okungalungelelananga kunye nentetho. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Iflethi ichaphazela
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho
• ukucinga okungalungelelananga
• iimvakalelo ezingalunganga okanye iimpendulo zobuso
• ingxaki ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla

I-schizophrenia engafaniyo

I-schizophrenia engachazwanga yayiligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza xa umntu ebonakalisa isimilo esisebenzayo kuhlobo olunye lwe-schizophrenia. Umzekelo, umntu owayenendlela yokuziphatha ye-catatonic kodwa ekwanokukhohlisa okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, enegama lesaladi, unokufumanisa ukuba une-schizophrenia engafaniyo.

Ngendlela entsha yokuqonda isifo, oku kubonisa nje ukuba ugqirha uneempawu ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.

Intsalela yesifo sengqondo

Le "subtype" inamaqhinga. Isetyenzisiwe xa umntu ene-diagnostic yangaphambili ye-schizophrenia kodwa akasenazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo. Iimpawu ngokubanzi ziye zancipha ngamandla.

Intsalela yeschizophrenia ihlala ibandakanya iimpawu "ezimbi", ezinje:

• ichaphazelekile
• ubunzima bengqondo
• intetho icotha
• ucoceko

Uninzi lwabantu abane-schizophrenia ludlula kumaxesha apho iimpawu zekhephu kunye nokuncipha kwaye ziyahluka rhoqo kunye nokuqina. Ke ngoko, eli gama alifane lisetyenziswe kwakhona.

ICatatonic schizophrenia

Nangona i-catatonic schizophrenia yayiyi-subtype kuhlelo lwangaphambili lwe-DSM, bekuphikiswanwe ngaphambili ukuba icatatonia kufanele ukuba ibe sisikhombisi. Kungenxa yokuba yenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zengqondo kunye neemeko zonyango ngokubanzi.

Ngokubanzi iziveza njengokungahambi, kodwa inokujongeka njengoku:

• Ukulinganisa indlela yokuziphatha
• Ukuthula
• imeko efana nobuthongo

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana ayisiyo-subtype, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwixesha lokuchongwa. Ukuxilongwa kubantwana akuqhelekanga.

Xa isenzeka, kunokuba nzima. I-schizophrenia yokuqala kwangoko yenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 kunye ne-18. Ukuxilongwa okungaphantsi kweminyaka ye-13 kuthathwa njengokuqala kakhulu, kwaye kunqabile kakhulu.

Iimpawu kubantwana abancinci kakhulu ziyafana nezo zinokukhula, ezinje nge-autism kunye ne-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• ukulibaziseka kolwimi
• ukukhasa emva kwexesha okanye ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukuhamba
• iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga zeemoto

Kubalulekile ukulawula imiba yophuhliso xa uqaphela ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia kwangoko.

Iimpawu kubantwana abadala nakwishumi elivisayo zibandakanya:

• Ukurhoxa ekuhlaleni
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ukusebenza kakubi kwesikolo
• ukucaphuka
• Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Abantu abancinci kunqabile ukuba babe nezinto ezikhohlisayo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nemibono. Njengokuba ulutsha lukhula, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeschizophrenia ezinjengezo zabantu abadala zihlala zivela.

Kubalulekile ukuba ube nolwazi oluchanekileyo lokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia ebuntwaneni, kuba kunqabile kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukulawula nayiphi na enye imeko, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye umba wezonyango.

Unyango kufuneka lukhokelwe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo womntwana onamava kwi-schizophrenia yobuntwana. Ihlala ibandakanya indibaniselwano yonyango enje:

• amayeza
• unyango
• uqeqesho lwezakhono
• ukulaliswa esibhedlele, ukuba kukho imfuneko

Iimeko ezinxulumene neschizophrenia

Ingxaki yeSchizoaffective

Isifo seSchizoaffective sisimo esahlukileyo nesahlukileyo kwi-schizophrenia, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha siyangena kuso. Esi sifo sinezinto zombini schizophrenia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemood.

I-Psychosis- ebandakanya ukuphulukana nokunxibelelana nenyani- ihlala iyinto. Ukuphazamiseka kwemood kunokubandakanya i-mania okanye uxinzelelo.

Isifo seSchizoaffective siphinde sahlulwa sibe ngamacandelwana asekwe ekubeni umntu uneeepisodes zokudakumba kuphela, okanye nokuba unazo iziqendu zomntu kunye okanye ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• iingcinga eziphazamisayo
• ukukhohlisa okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo
• ingxaki yokujonga
• ukudakumba
• Uxinzelelo okanye i-mania
• ucoceko lomntu
• ukuphazamiseka komnqweno wokutya
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ukurhoxa ekuhlaleni
• ukucinga okanye indlela yokuziphatha engalungelelananga

Ukuchongwa kwenzelwa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lomzimba, udliwanondlebe kunye novavanyo lwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukulawula naziphi na iimeko zonyango okanye naziphi na ezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Unyango lubandakanya:

• amayeza
• iqela okanye unyango lomntu ngamnye
• uqeqesho lobuchule bobuchule

Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko

Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene neschizophrenia zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okufutshane
• Ingxaki yeschizophreniform

Unokufumana isifo sengqondo kunye nenani leemeko zempilo.

Ukuthatha

ISchizophrenia yimeko entsonkothileyo. Ayinguye wonke umntu ofunyenwe enayo oya kuba neempawu ezifanayo okanye umboniso.

Nangona ii-subtypes zingasafunyanwa, zisasetyenziswa njengezikhombisi zokunceda ekucwangcisweni konyango. Ukuqonda ulwazi malunga nee-subtypes kunye ne-schizophrenia ngokubanzi kunokukunceda ekulawuleni imeko yakho.

Ngokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo, isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo sinokwenziwa kwaye similiselwe liqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo.