Umothuko we-Septic

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zothuka?
• Yintoni ebangela ukothuka okubalulekileyo?
• Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukothuka kwe-septic?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela ukothuka kwe-septic?
• Uphathwa njani umothuko we-septic?
• Ukujonga ixesha elide kothuko lwe-septic

Kukuthini ukothuka okubalulekileyo?

I-Sepsis sisiphumo sosulelo, kwaye sibangela utshintsho olukhulu emzimbeni. Inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye isongela ubomi.

Kwenzeka xa imichiza elwa nosulelo ngokubangela ukusabela okukruthayo ikhutshwa kwigazi.

Oogqirha bachonge amanqanaba amathathu e-sepsis:

• I-Sepsis kuxa usulelo lufikelela egazini kwaye lubangele ukudumba emzimbeni.
• I-sepsis ebukhali kuxa usulelo lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwamalungu akho, anjengentliziyo, ingqondo kunye nezintso.
• Umothuko we-Septic kuxa ufumana ukwehla okubonakalayo koxinzelelo lwegazi olunokubangela ukuphefumla okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo, ukubetha, ukusilela kwamanye amalungu, kunye nokufa.

Kucingelwa ukuba ukudumba okubangelwa yi-sepsis kubangela ukuba amahlwili egazi amancinci enze. Oku kungathintela ioksijini kunye nezondlo ekufikeleleni kwizitho ezibalulekileyo.

Ukudumba kwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abadala okanye kwabo bane-immune system ebuthathaka. Kodwa zombini i-sepsis kunye ne-septic shock inokwenzeka nakubani na.

Umothuko ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo wokufa kweeyunithi zononophelo lwabantu abagula kakhulu eMelika.

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Zithini iimpawu zothuka?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-sepsis akufuneki zihoywe. Oku kubandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane uhlala ungaphezulu ko-101˚F (38˚C)
• ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi (hypothermia)
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, okanye ngaphezulu kokuphefumla okungama-20 ngomzuzu

I-sepsis ebukhali ichazwa njenge-sepsis enobungqina bokonakala komzimba okuhlala kuchaphazela izintso, intliziyo, imiphunga, okanye ingqondo. Iimpawu ze-sepsis ezinzima zibandakanya:

• umchamo ngokucacileyo
• ukudideka okukhulu
• isiyezi
• iingxaki ezinzima ukuphefumla
• Ukudityaniswa kwebluish kwamanani okanye imilebe (cyanosis)

Abantu abafumana ukothuka okubabazekayo baya kuba neempawu ze-sepsis ebukhali, kodwa baya kuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu olungaphenduliyo kulwelo olutshintshayo.

Yintoni ebangela ukothuka okubalulekileyo?

Usulelo lwebhakteria, ukungunda, okanye intsholongwane kunokubangela i-sepsis. Naluphi na usulelo lungaqala ekhaya okanye xa usesibhedlele unyango lwenye imeko.

I-Sepsis iqhelekileyo ivela:

• esiswini okanye inkqubo yokwetyisa usulelo
• usulelo lwemiphunga njengepneumonia
• usulelo lomchamo
• usulelo kwinkqubo yokuzala

Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi?

Izinto ezinje ngeminyaka yobudala okanye ukugula kwangaphambili kunokubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokukothuka. Le meko ixhaphakile kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa, kubantu abadala, kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, nakwabo banamajoni omzimba acinezelweyo abangelwa yi-HIV, izifo zamathambo ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis, okanye i-psoriasis. Kwaye izifo zesisu ezivuthayo okanye unyango lomhlaza lunokubangela.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba umntu ahlaselwe sisifo septic:

• utyando olukhulu okanye ukulaliswa esibhedlele ixesha elide
• uhlobo lweswekile 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngenaliti
• abaguli esibhedlele abagulayo kakhulu
• ukubonakaliswa kwezixhobo ezinje nge-intravenous catheters, i-urinary catheters, okanye iityhubhu zokuphefumla, ezinokuthi zazise ibhaktheriya emzimbeni
• ukungondleki

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukothuka kwe-septic?

Ukuba unempawu ze-sepsis, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuqhuba iimvavanyo ukumisela ukuba lude kangakanani usulelo. Uxilongo lwenziwa rhoqo kuvavanyo lwegazi. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokumisela ukuba ngaba kukho ezinye zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• iintsholongwane egazini
• iingxaki zokujiya ngenxa yokubala okuphantsi kweplatelet
• Iimveliso ezingafunekiyo ezingaphezulu kwegazi
• ukusebenza kwesibindi okanye kwezintso ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukuncipha kwenani leoksijini
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte

Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ugqirha anokufuna ukuzenza ukuze aqonde umthombo wosulelo lwakho. Oku kubandakanya:

• uvavanyo lomchamo
• uvavanyo lokufihlwa kwenxeba ukuba unendawo evulekileyo ekhangeleka inesifo
• Uvavanyo lwemfihlo lwe-mucus ukubona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsholongwane olubangela usulelo
• uvavanyo lwamanzi emqolo

Kwimeko apho umthombo wosulelo ungacacanga kuvavanyo olungentla, ugqirha unokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufumana umbono wangaphakathi womzimba wakho:

• X-reyi
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ultrasound
• IMRI

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela ukothuka kwe-septic?

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic kunokubangela iintlobo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi kwaye zisongela ubomi ezinokubulala. Iingxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• ukujiya kwegazi ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukusilela kwezintso
• ukusilela ekuphefumuleni
• ukubetha
• ukusilela kwesibindi
• ukulahleka kwenxalenye yamathumbu
• ukulahleka kweengxenye zeziphelo

Iingxaki onokuhlangabezana nazo, kunye nesiphumo semeko yakho sinokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinje:

• ubudala
• luqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango
• Unobangela kunye nemvelaphi ye-sepsis emzimbeni
• iimeko zonyango ezazisele zikhona

Uphathwa njani umothuko we-septic?

I-sepsis yangaphambili ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwe, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile. Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe i-sepsis, uya kwamkelwa kwiCandelo loKhathalelo oluKhulu (ICU) ukuze ufumane unyango. Oogqirha basebenzisa inani lamayeza ukunyanga ukothuka, kubandakanya:

• iintsholongwane ezifakwa kwimithambo-luvo ukulwa usulelo
• amayeza e-vasopressor, amachiza anyanzela imithambo yegazi kunye nokunceda ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• I-insulin yokuzinza kweswekile
• icorticosteroids

Izixa ezikhulu ze-intravenous (IV) fluid ziya kufakwa ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokunceda ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kumalungu. Ukuphefumla nokuphefumla kunokuba yimfuneko. Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe umthombo wosulelo, njengokutsala ithumba eligcwele ubofu okanye ukususa izicwili ezosulelekileyo.

Ukujonga ixesha elide kothuko lwe-septic

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic yimeko enzima, kwaye ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zamatyala ziya kubangela ukufa.Amathuba akho okusinda kothuko lwe-septic aya kuxhomekeka kumthombo wosulelo, mangaphi amalungu omzimba achaphazelekayo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ufumana unyango emva kokuba uqale ukufumana iimpawu.