Kungekudala emva koSondo ngaphandle kweCondom ngaphandle kokuba ndivavanyelwe i-HIV?

Umxholo

• Ufanele ukuyivavanyela nini i-HIV emva kokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom?
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antibody
• Uvavanyo lokudibanisa
• Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid
• Iikiti zokuvavanya ekhaya
• Ngaba kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo amayeza othintelo?
• Iindidi zesondo ezingenakhondom kunye nomngcipheko we-HIV
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yokosulela kwe-HIV
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Iikhondom yeyona ndlela isebenzayo ekuthinteleni ukosulela kwe-HIV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazisebenzisi okanye abazisebenzisi ngokungaguquguqukiyo. Iikhondom zisenokuqhekeka xa usabelana ngesondo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ubunokuchaphazeleka kwi-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom, okanye ngenxa yekhondom eyaphukileyo, yenza idinga nomnikezeli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ubona ugqirha ngaphakathi, unokufanelekela ukuqala amayeza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. Unako ukuseta ixesha elizayo lokuvavanywa i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Akukho luvavanyo lwe-HIV olunokuyifumana ngokuchanekileyo i-HIV emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvezwa. Kukho ixesha elibekiweyo njenge "window period" phambi kokuba uvavanyelwe i-HIV kwaye ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Funda ngokufunda ngakumbi ngamayeza othintelo, ukuba kuyavakala kangakanani kuvavanyo lwe-HIV, ezona ntlobo ziphambili zovavanyo lwe-HIV, kunye nemingcipheko yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo ezingenasondo.

Ufanele ukuyivavanyela nini i-HIV emva kokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom?

Kukho ixesha lefestile phakathi kwexesha umntu aqala ukuvezwa ngalo kwi-HIV kwaye iya kuvela nini kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwe-HIV.

Ngeli xesha lefestile, umntu unokuvavanya ukuba akanayo i-HIV nangona sele efumene i-HIV. Ithuba lefestile linokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku ezilishumi ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu, kuxhomekeke emzimbeni wakho nohlobo lovavanyo oluthathayo.

Umntu usenokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye ngeli xesha. Ngapha koko, usulelo lunokubakho ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kukho amanqanaba aphezulu wentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu ngexesha lewindows.

Nalu ulwahlulo olukhawulezileyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwe-HIV kunye nexesha lewindows nganye.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antibody

Olu hlobo lovavanyo luthatha amanyathelo kwi-HIV. Umzimba ungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuvelisa la magciwane. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuba neentsholongwane ezaneleyo zokuvavanya ukuba unayo kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezili-12 emva kokosulelwa yi-HIV. Kwiiveki ezili-12, okanye iinyanga ezintathu, iipesenti ezingama-97 zabantu zinezixhobo ezoneleyo zokufumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo.

Ukuba umntu uthatha olu vavanyo kwiiveki ezine emva kokuvezwa, isiphumo esibi sinokuchaneka, kodwa kungcono ukuvavanya kwakhona emva kweenyanga ezintathu ukuze uqiniseke.

Uvavanyo lokudibanisa

Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antibody / antigen, okanye uvavanyo lwesine lwesizukulwana. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokuyalelwa kuphela ngumboneleli wezempilo. Kufuneka iqhutyelwe elebhu.

Olu hlobo lwamanyathelo ovavanyo omabini ama-antibodies kunye namanqanaba e-p24 antigen, anokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuvezwa.

Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu luya kuvelisa iantianti ezaneleyo kunye nezibulala-buhlungu kwezi mvavanyo zokufumanisa i-HIV kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokubhencwa. Ukuba uvavanyo luthi awunayo iiveki ezimbini emva kokuba ucinga ukuba ungatyhilwa, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kuncoma olunye uvavanyo kwiveki enye ukuya kwezimbini, njengoko olu vavanyo lunokuba lubi kwisigaba sokuqala sosulelo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid

Uvavanyo lwe-nucleic acid (NAT) lunokulinganisa ubungakanani bentsholongwane kwisampulu yegazi kwaye lubonelele nokuba sisiphumo esihle / esibi okanye ubungakanani bomthamo wentsholongwane.

Ezi mvavanyo zibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zokuvavanyelwa i-HIV, ngoko ke ugqirha uyakuyalela enye kuphela ukuba bacinga ukuba kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba umntu abe sengozini ye-HIV okanye ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo bezingachazwanga.

Kukho izinto ezaneleyo zentsholongwane ezikhoyo kwisiphumo esifanelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubhencwa kwi-HIV.

Iikiti zokuvavanya ekhaya

Iikiti zokuvavanywa ekhaya ezinje nge-OraQuick ziimvavanyo ze-antibody onokuzigqiba ekhaya usebenzisa isampulu yolwelo lomlomo. Ngokomvelisi, ixesha lewindows le-OraQuick ziinyanga ezintathu.

Gcina ukhumbula, ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwi-HIV, kubalulekile ukubona umboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Nokuba uthini na uvavanyo oluthabathayo emva kokuvezwa sisifo sikaGawulayo, kuya kufuneka uphinde uvavanywe emva kokuba ixesha lefestile lidlulile ukuze uqiniseke. Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokufumana i-HIV kufuneka bavavanywe rhoqo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Ngaba kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo amayeza othintelo?

Ukukhawuleza kangakanani umntu ukuba abone umboneleli wezempilo emva kokuchaphazeleka kwi-HIV kunokuchaphazela kakhulu amathuba okufumana intsholongwane.

Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwi-HIV, ndwendwela umboneleli wezempilo kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-72. Unganikwa unyango lwe-antiretroviral ekuthiwa yi-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) enokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. I-PEP ithathwa kanye okanye kabini imihla ngemihla kangangeentsuku ezingama-28.

I-PEP ayinampembelelo incinci okanye ayinamphumo xa ithe yathathwa ngaphezulu kokudibana ne-HIV, ngokutsho kwamaZiko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo (CDC). Amayeza aqhelekanga ukunikezelwa ngaphandle kokuba angaqalwa ngaphakathi kwefestile yeeyure ezingama-72.

Iindidi zesondo ezingenakhondom kunye nomngcipheko we-HIV

Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondomu, i-HIV kulwelo lomzimba lomntu omnye lunokudluliselwa emzimbeni womnye umntu ngenwebu yencindi yelungu lobudoda, lobufazi, kunye nelangasese. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, i-HIV inokusasazeka ngokusikwa okanye ukuqaqanjelwa ngumlomo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo.

Ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom, i-HIV inokusasazeka ngokulula xa usabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini. Kungenxa yokuba ulwelwesi lwe-anus lubuthathaka kwaye luthambekele ekonakaleni, olunokuthi lubonelele ngeendawo zokungena kwi-HIV. Ukwamkela ngesondo ezimpundwini, kuhlala kubizwa ngokuba yi-bottoming, kubeka umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV kunokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini, okanye ukuthambisa.

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​inokusasazeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi ngaphandle kwekhondom, nangona ulusu lobufazi alunakuba sengozini yokuqhekeka kunye neenyembezi njenge-anus.

Umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV kwisondo lomlomo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondom okanye idama lamazinyo liphantsi kakhulu. Kuyenzeka ukuba i-HIV isasazeke ukuba umntu owenza isondo ngomlomo unezilonda emlonyeni okanye kwiintsini ezophayo, okanye ukuba umntu owabelana ngesondo ngomlomo usandula ukufumana i-HIV.

Ukongeza kwi-HIV, ezimpundu, ezesini sangasese, okanye ezokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye idama lamazinyo nako kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni ezinye ii-STIs.

Ukunciphisa ingozi yokosulela kwe-HIV

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV ngexa lokwabelana ngesondo kukusebenzisa ikhondom. Lungiselela ikhondomu phambi kokuba kuvele nakuphi na ukudibana ngokwesondo, kuba i-HIV inokusasazeka nge-ejaculate, ulwelo lobufazi nangaphambi komqala.

Izinto zokuthambisa zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV ngokunceda ukuthintela iinyembezi zangasese okanye ezelungu lobufazi. Izinto zokuthambisa ezifanelekileyo zikwanceda ukuthintela iikhondom ukuba zingaphuli. Kuphela zizithambisi ezisekwe emanzini ekufuneka zisetyenzisiwe kunye neekhondom, kuba ioyile esekwe kwioyile inokuyenza buthathaka i-latex kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibangele ukuba iikhondom ziphulwe.

Ukusetyenziswa kwedama lamazinyo, iplastiki encinci okanye iphepha le-latex elithintela ukudibana ngqo phakathi komlomo kunye nelungu lobufazi okanye umva ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Kubantu abanokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-HIV, amayeza othintelo lukhetho. Unyango lwe-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) lonyango lwemihla ngemihla lwe-antiretroviral.

Wonke umntu osemngciphekweni wokosuleleka yi-HIV kufuneka aqale irejimeni ye-PrEP, ngokwesindululo sakutsha nje esivela kwi-US Preventive Services Task Force. Oku kubandakanya nabani na owabelana ngesondo namaqabane angaphezu kwelinye, okanye onobudlelwane obuqhubekayo nomntu onesimo se-HIV esifanelekileyo okanye esingaziwayo.

Nangona i-PrEP ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kwi-HIV, sekunjalo kungcono ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngokunjalo. I-PrEP ayinikhuseli kwi-STIs ngaphandle kwe-HIV.

Ukuthatha

Khumbula, ukuba ucinga ukuba uye wachaphazeleka kwi-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom, yenza idinga lokuthetha nomboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza. Banokucebisa amayeza e-PEP ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. Banokuxoxa ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuvavanyelwa i-HIV, kunye nokuvavanyelwa ezinye ii-STIs.