Ukuphinda-phinda kwe-Shingles: iinyani, izibalo, kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zamatyholo kunye nokuphindaphindeka kwesingxi?
• Ihlala iphinda-phinde i-shingles?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuphindaphindeka kweempawu?
• Luthini unyango lwee-shingles kunye ne-shingles eziphindaphindayo?
• Iyintoni imbono yabantu abaneengqungquthela eziphindaphindiweyo?
• Ngaba unokuthintela ukuphinda-phinda amaqhuma?

Yintoni i-shingles?

I-varicella-zoster virus ibangela i-shingles. Le yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela irhashalala. Emva kokuba unentsholongwane yenkukhu kwaye iimpawu zakho zimkile, intsholongwane ihlala ingasebenzi kwiiseli zakho zemithambo-luvo. Intsholongwane inokuphinda isebenze kamva ebomini njenge-shingles. Abantu abazi ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka. I-Shingles yaziwa ngokuba yi-herpes zoster. Nabani na oye waba nenkukhu yenkukhu kamva unokufumana i-shingles.

Igama elithi "shingles" livela kwigama lesiLatini elithetha "umbhinqo," kwaye libhekisa kwindlela irhashalala elixhaphakileyo elenza umbhinqo okanye ibhanti, ihlala kwelinye icala lomzimba. I-Shlesles inokuqhuma kwi:

• iingalo
• amathanga
• intloko
• indlebe
• iliso

Abantu abaqikelelweyo e-United States bane-shingles minyaka le. Malunga nabantu e-United States baya kufumana i-shingles ebomini babo, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-68 zala matyala zenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu. Abantu abaphila iminyaka engama-85 ubudala banethuba lokuphuhlisa i-shingles.

Unokufumana i-shingles okwesibini. Oku akuqhelekanga kwaye kwaziwa njenge-shingles ukuphindaphinda.

Zithini iimpawu zamatyholo kunye nokuphindaphindeka kwesingxi?

Uphawu lokuqala lwe-shingles luhlala lubuhlungu, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukutshisa kwindawo yokuqhambuka. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, iqela elibomvu, elizaliswe ngamadyungudyungu anokuqhekeka avuleke emva koko aqhume. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukurhawuzelela kwindawo yokuqhambuka
• ubuntununtunu besikhumba kwindawo yoqhambuko
• ukudinwa kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane
• uvakalelo ekukhanyeni
• Ukugodola

Amatyhalarha aphindaphindeneyo aneempawu ezifanayo, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi uqhambuko lwenzeka kwindawo enye. Malunga namatyala, uqhushumbo lwamaqhina lwalukwindawo eyahlukileyo.

Ihlala iphinda-phinde i-shingles?

Idatha emalunga nokuphinda-phinda i-shingles recurs limited. Isifundo esenziwe eMinnesota ngaphezulu kweminyaka esixhenxe sifumanise ukuba phakathi kwe-5.7 kunye ne-6.2 yeepesenti yabantu abanesingci okwesibini.

Ngokubanzi, ucebisa ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana i-shingles okwesibini umalunga nomngcipheko obenawo wokufumana i-shingles okokuqala.

Ubungakanani bexesha phakathi kwetyala lokuqala le-shingles kunye nokuphindaphinda khange liphandwe kakuhle. Kwisifundo esivela ngo-2011, ukuphindaphinda kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-96 ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuqhambuka kokuqala, kodwa olu phononongo lwalugubungela kuphela iminyaka eli-12.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuphindaphindeka kweempawu?

Abantu abazi ukuba yintoni ebangela i-shingles ephindaphindayo, kodwa izinto ezithile zonyusa amathuba akho okufumana i-shingles kwakhona.

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kusenokwenzeka ukuba baphinde bafumane i-shingles. Olunye uphononongo luye lwafumanisa ukuba inqanaba lokuphindaphindeka kwamatyathanga laliphakathi kwabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Oku kumalunga namaxesha ama-2.4 aphezulu kunalawo angakhange athintele amajoni omzimba.

Unokuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba:

• bafumana ichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha
• babe nokufakelwa amalungu
• une-HIV okanye i-AIDS
• bathatha iidosi eziphezulu ze-corticosteroids ezinje nge-prednisone

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ibuhlungu ngakumbi xa imeko yokuqala ye-shingles
• iintlungu zeentsuku ezingama-30 okanye nangakumbi kwimeko yokuqala yamatyhalana
• ukuba ngumfazi
• ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50

Ukuba nesalamane esinye okanye ezingaphezulu zegazi ezine-shingles kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-shingles.

Luthini unyango lwee-shingles kunye ne-shingles eziphindaphindayo?

Unyango lweziqwengana eziphindaphindayo ziyafana nezomngxunya.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unama-shingles aphindaphindiweyo, jonga ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthatha ichiza le-antiviral njenge-acyclovir (Zovirax), i-valacyclovir (i-Valtrex), okanye i-famciclovir (i-Famvir) ingabunciphisa ubunzima be-shingles kunye nokunciphisa ukuba ihlala ixesha elingakanani.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amayeza ukunciphisa iintlungu kwaye akuncede ulale. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Amabala esikhumba kunye ne-painkiller lidocaine ayafumaneka. Ungazinxiba kwindawo echaphazelekayo ubude bexesha elithile.
• Amabala esikhumba aneepesenti ezi-8 ze-capsaicin, isicatshulwa sepelepele, ziyafumaneka. Abanye abantu abanakukunyamezela ukutsha, nangona ulusu lundindisholo ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe isiziba.
• Amachiza okunyanga i-antiseizure, afana ne-gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) kunye ne-pregabalin (Lyrica), inciphisa iintlungu ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuthi zinciphise inani leziyobisi onokuzinyamezela.
• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo njenge-duloxetine (iCymbalta) kunye ne-nortriptyline (Pamelor) zinokuba luncedo, ngakumbi ukunciphisa iintlungu kwaye zikuvumele ukuba ulale.
• Iipilisi zeentlungu ze-opioid zinokuthomalalisa iintlungu, kodwa zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngesiyezi kunye nokudideka, kwaye banokuba likhoboka.

Unokuthatha iibhafu ezipholileyo nge-colloidal oatmeal ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela, okanye ufake indawo yokubanda ebandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Ukuphumla kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubalulekile.

Iyintoni imbono yabantu abaneengqungquthela eziphindaphindiweyo?

I-Shingles ihlala icoca ngaphakathi kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu.

Kwimeko encinci yamatyala, iintlungu ziya kuhlala nje ukuba irhashalala iphile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Ukufikelela kwipesenti ezi-2 zabantu abafumana i-shingles bane-PHN iminyaka emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu. Umngcipheko unyuka ngokudala.

Ngaba unokuthintela ukuphinda-phinda amaqhuma?

Ukuphinda-phinda amaqhuqhuva akunqandeki. Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko ngokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-shingles, kwanasemva kokuba une-shingles.

Ibonisile ukuba abantu ababenento yokugonya i-shingles banama-51 eepesenti ezimbalwa zamatyala e-shingles. Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50-59 ubudala, isitofu sokugonya i-shingles sinciphise umngcipheko we-shingles ngama-69.8 epesenti.

Abantu abafumene isitofu sokugonya i-shingles ngokubanzi babenamatyala amabi kakhulu e-shingles. Baye baba neziganeko ezimbalwa ze-PHN.

Oogqirha bancomela isitofu sokuthintela abantu abangaphezulu kwama-50 kodwa hayi kwabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.