Uthintelo lweSickle Cell Anemia

Umxholo

• Yintoni irhengiya yeseli?
• Ngaba i-SCA iyathinteleka?
• Ndazi njani ukuba ndiyayiphatha imfuza?
• Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuqiniseka ukuba andizukuyidlulisa i-gene?
• Umgca wezantsi

Yintoni irhengiya yeseli?

I-Sickle cell anemia (i-SCA), ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-sickle cell, sisifo segazi esenza ukuba umzimba wakho wenze uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-hemoglobin ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin ithwala ioksijini kwaye ifumaneka kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs).

Ngelixa ii-RBCs zihlala zijikeleze, i-hemoglobin S ibangela ukuba zimile okwe-C, zizenze zibukeke njengerhengqa. Olu hlobo lubenza bomelele, ubathintele ekuguqulweni nasekuguqukeni xa uhamba kwimithambo yegazi.

Ngenxa yoko, banokuxinga kwaye bathintele ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu ezininzi kwaye kube neziphumo ezihlala zihleli kumalungu akho.

IHemoglobin S ikwaphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayinakuthwala ioksijini eninzi njengehemoglobin eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abane-SCA banamanqanaba asezantsi eoksijini kunye neeRBCs ezimbalwa. Zombini ezi zinto zinokukhokelela kuluhlu lweengxaki.

Ngaba i-SCA iyathinteleka?

I-Sickle cell anemia yimeko yemfuza abantu abazalwa benayo, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho ndlela "yokuyibamba" komnye umntu. Okwangoku, awudingi ukuba ne-SCA ukuze umntwana wakho abe nayo.

Ukuba unayo i-SCA, oku kuthetha ukuba uzuze njengelifa iiseli ezimbini zerhengqa-enye ivela kunyoko kunye nenye kuyihlo. Ukuba awunayo i-SCA kodwa abanye abantu kusapho lwakho banako, usenokuba uzuze njengelifa irhengqa kuphela. Oku kwaziwa njengeempawu zerhengqa (SCT). Abantu abane-SCT baphatha kuphela iseli enye yemfuza.

Ngelixa i-SCT ingabangeli naziphi na iimpawu okanye iingxaki zempilo, ukuba nayo kwandisa amathuba okuba umntwana wakho abe ne-SCA. Umzekelo, ukuba iqabane lakho linayo i-SCA okanye i-SCT, umntwana wakho angazuza njengelifa iiseli ezimbini zerhengqa, nto leyo ebangela i-SCA.

Kodwa uyazi njani ukuba uphethe iseli yemfuza yeseli? Kwaye kuthekani ngemfuza yeqabane lakho? Kulapho kungena khona uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomcebisi ngemfuzo.

Ndazi njani ukuba ndiyayiphatha imfuza?

Ungafumanisa ukuba uyiphethe na imfuza yeseli ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula. Ugqirha uzothatha inani elincinci legazi emthanjeni aze awuhlalutye elebhu. Baza kujonga ubukho behemoglobin S, uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwehemoglobin ebandakanyeka kwiCAA.

Ukuba i-hemoglobin S ikhona, oko kuthetha ukuba unayo i-SCA okanye i-SCT. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi onayo, ugqirha uya kulandelela olunye uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin electrophoresis. Olu vavanyo lwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zehemoglobin kwisampulu yegazi lakho.

Ukuba babona kuphela ihemoglobin S, une-SCA. Kodwa ukuba bayazibona zombini ihemoglobin S kunye nehemoglobin eqhelekileyo, uneSCT.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imbali yosapho ye-SCA kwaye ucwangcise ukuba nabantwana, olu vavanyo lulula lunokukunceda uqonde ngcono amathuba akho okudlula kuhlobo. Igene yeseli yemfuza ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abathile.

Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula izifo, i-SCT iphakathi kwama-Afrika-aseMerika. Kufunyenwe kaninzi kubantu abanezinyanya ezivela:

• Umazantsi e-Sahara e-Afrika
• amazantsi Emelika
• UMbindi Merika
• kwiCaribbean
• Sawudi Arabhiya
• Indiya
• Amazwe aseMeditera, njenge-Itali, iGrisi neTurkey

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngembali yosapho lwakho kodwa ucinga ukuba ungawela kwelinye lala maqela, cinga ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze uqiniseke.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuqiniseka ukuba andizukuyidlulisa i-gene?

Imfuza sisifundo esinzima. Nokuba wena neqabane lakho nihlolwe kwaye kwafunyaniswa bobabini bephethe ufuzo, ingaba oku kuthetha ntoni kubantwana bakho bexesha elizayo? Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuba nabantwana? Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba uqwalasele ezinye iindlela, njengokuthatha umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho?

Umcebisi ngemfuza unokukunceda ujonge iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi kunye nemibuzo eza emva koko. Ukujonga iziphumo zovavanyo ezivela kuwe nakwiqabane lakho, banokukunika ulwazi ngakumbi malunga namathuba okuba umntwana wakho abe ne-SCT okanye i-SCA.

Ukufumanisa ukuba nabaphi na abantwana bexesha elizayo kunye neqabane lakho banokuba ne-SCA kunokuba nzima nokusebenza. Abacebisi bemfuzo banokukunceda uhambe kwezi mvakalelo kwaye ujonge zonke iindlela onokukhetha kuzo.

Ukuba uhlala eUnited States okanye eCanada, uMbutho weSizwe waBacebisi ngezeMvelo unezixhobo zokukunceda ufumane umcebisi ngemfuzo kwindawo yakho.

Umgca wezantsi

I-SCA yimeko ezuzwe njengelifa, eyenza kube nzima ukuyithintela. Kodwa ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba nomntwana one-SCA, kukho amanyathelo ambalwa onokuwathatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba abayi kuba ne-SCA. Khumbula, abantwana bazuza ilifa kwimfuza kuwo omabini amaqabane, ke qiniseka ukuba iqabane lakho lithatha la manyathelo nawo.