Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala angaba kwi-Autism Spectrum

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iimpawu ze-autism kumntwana oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala?
• Izakhono zentlalo
• Ulwimi kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano
• Ukuziphatha gwenxa
• Olunye uphawu lwe-autism kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ubudala
• Umahluko phakathi kweempawu ezinobuzaza nezibi
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-autism?
• Iphepha lemibuzo le-Autism
• Amanyathelo alandelayo

Yintoni iAuthism?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) liqela leengxaki zokuchaphazeleka kwengqondo ezichaphazela ingqondo.

Abantwana abane-autism bafunda, bacinge, kwaye banamava ehlabathi ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye abantwana. Banokujongana namaqondo ahlukeneyo entlalontle, unxibelelwano, kunye nemiceli mngeni yokuziphatha.

I-ASD ichaphazela e-United States, uqikelela amaZiko oLawulo noKuthintela izifo.

Abanye abantwana abane-autism abadingi nkxaso ininzi, ngelixa abanye beya kufuna inkxaso yemihla ngemihla ebomini babo bonke.

Iimpawu ze-autism kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ubudala kufuneka zivavanywe kwangoko. Okukhona umntwana efumana unyango kwangoko, kokukhona beba ngcono umbono wabo.

Ngelixa imiqondiso ye-autism ngamanye amaxesha inokubonwa kwangoko kwiinyanga ezili-12, uninzi lwabantwana abane-autism bafumana ukuxilongwa emva kweminyaka emi-3.

Zeziphi iimpawu ze-autism kumntwana oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala?

Iimpawu ze-autism ziya zibonakala ngakumbi njengobudala babantwana.

Umntwana wakho unokubonisa ezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo ze-autism:

Izakhono zentlalo

• ayiphenduli kwigama labo
• ithintela ukudibana kwamehlo
• ukhetha ukudlala wedwa kunokudlala nabanye
• Akabelani kakuhle nabanye okanye anikane ithuba
• ayithathi nxaxheba ekuzenziseni ukudlala
• ayithethi mabali
• akanamdla wokunxibelelana okanye wokunxibelelana nabanye
• akathandi okanye uyakuthintela ukubamba umzimba
• akanamdla okanye akayazi indlela yokwenza abahlobo
• ayenzi imbonakalo yobuso okanye yenza intetho engafanelekanga
• ayinakuthuthuzeleka ngokulula okanye ithuthuzeleke
• Unobunzima bokuchaza okanye ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo zabo
• unobunzima bokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu

Ulwimi kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano

• akakwazi ukwenza izivakalisi
• uphinda amagama okanye amabinzana amaxesha ngamaxesha
• ayiphenduli imibuzo ngokufanelekileyo okanye ilandele izikhokelo
• akakuqondi ukubala okanye ixesha
• kuguqula izimelabizo (umzekelo, uthi "wena" endaweni ka "Mna")
• kunqabile okanye ungaze usebenzise izimbo zomzimba okanye ulwimi lomzimba njengokuwangawangisa okanye ukukhomba
• uthetha ngelizwi eliphantsi okanye ucule ingoma
• ayiqondi iziqhulo, impoxo, okanye ukuqhula

Ukuziphatha gwenxa

• yenza ukuphindaphinda okuphindayo (ukubetha izandla, amatye ngapha nangapha, ijikelezisa)
• imigca phezulu iithoyi okanye ezinye izinto ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo
• Uyacaphuka okanye akhathazeke lutshintsho oluncinci kwinkqubo yemihla ngemihla
• Idlala ngeethoyi ngendlela efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha
• Uthanda iindawo ezithile zezinto (uhlala enamavili okanye iindawo ezijikelezayo)
• unomdla omkhulu
• kufuneka ilandele iindlela ezithile

Olunye uphawu lwe-autism kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ubudala

Ezi mpawu zihlala zihamba nezinye zeempawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla:

• hyperactivity okanye ixesha elifutshane lokujonga
• ukungxamiseka
• Ubundlongondlongo
• ukuzenzakalisa (ukuzibetha okanye ukuzikrwempa)
• umsindo
• ukuphendula ngokungaqhelekanga kwizandi, ukuvumba, ukuthanda izinto, ukubonwa, okanye ukwenziwa
• ukutya ngendlela engeyiyo nokulala
• iimpendulo ezingafanelekanga ngokweemvakalelo
• Ubonisa ukunqongophala koloyiko okanye uloyiko olungaphezulu kunokuba kulindelwe

Umahluko phakathi kweempawu ezinobuzaza nezibi

I-ASD ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye neempawu ezibonisa ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo obukhali.

Ngokwe-American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic criteria, kukho amanqanaba amathathu e-autism. Zisekwe ekubeni kufuneka inkxaso engakanani. Inqanaba elisezantsi, inkxaso encinci iyafuneka.

Nalu ulwahlulo lwamanqanaba:

Inqanaba 1

• umdla omncinci kunxibelelwano lwentlalo okanye kwimisebenzi yentlalo
• kunzima ukuqala unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni okanye ukugcina iincoko
• ingxaki ngonxibelelwano olufanelekileyo (ivolumu okanye ithoni yokuthetha, ukufunda ulwimi lomzimba, iindlela zokuziphatha)
• ingxaki yokuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwindlela yesiqhelo okanye yokuziphatha
• ubunzima ekwenzeni abahlobo

Inqanaba 2

• ubunzima bokujamelana notshintsho kwisiqhelo okanye kwindawo engqongileyo
• ukunqongophala okukhulu kwezakhono zokunxibelelana ngomlomo nangaphandle kokuthetha
• imingeni yokuziphatha enzima nebonakalayo
• Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okuphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla
• amandla angaqhelekanga okanye ancitshisiweyo ekunxibelelaneni okanye ekunxibelelaneni nabanye
• imxinwa, umdla othile
• ifuna inkxaso yemihla ngemihla

Inqanaba 3

• ukungangqinelani ngamazwi okanye ngokubonakalayo
• ukukwazi ukunxibelelana, kuphela xa kufuneka kufezekiswe iimfuno
• Umnqweno olinganiselweyo wokuzibandakanya eluntwini okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni
• ubunzima obukhulu ukuhlangabezana notshintsho olungalindelekanga kwisiqhelo okanye kwimeko
• uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ubunzima bokutshintsha ukugxila okanye ingqalelo
• ukuphindaphinda isimilo, umdla osisigxina, okanye ukutyeba okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu
• ifuna inkxaso ebalulekileyo yemihla ngemihla

Ifunyaniswa njani i-autism?

Oogqirha bafumanisa isifo se-autism ebantwaneni ngokubajonga xa bedlala kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye.

Kukho amanqanaba athile ophuhliso afezekiswa ngabantwana abaninzi xa beneminyaka emi-4 ubudala, njengokuncokola okanye ukubalisa ibali.

Ukuba umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala uneempawu ze-autism, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali kuvavanyo olucokisekileyo.

Ezi ngcali ziya kujonga umntwana wakho ngelixa badlala, bafunda kwaye banxibelelana. Baza kuphinda bakwenze nodliwanondlebe malunga nokuziphatha okuqwalaseleyo ekhaya.

Ngelixa elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuchonga kunye nokunyanga iimpawu ze-autism lineminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi, ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana unyango kwangoko.

Ngaphantsi kwabantu abaKhubazekileyo Umthetho weMfundo yokuKhubazeka (IDEA), onke amazwe ayacelwa ukuba abonelele ngemfundo eyoneleyo kubantwana abakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo ngemicimbi yophuhliso.

Nxibelelana nesithili sesikolo sakho ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezikhoyo zabantwana abakwiminyaka yobudala besikolo. Unokwazi ukujonga esi sikhokelo sobutyebi kwi-Autism Speaks ukubona ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo ezikhoyo kwilizwe lakho.

Iphepha lemibuzo le-Autism

Uluhlu oluLungisiweyo lwe-Autism kwiintsana (M-CHAT) sisixhobo sokuhlola esinokusetyenziswa ngabazali kunye nabanonopheli bokuchonga abantwana abanokuba ne-autism.

Eli phepha lemibuzo lihlala lisetyenziswa kubantwana abancinci ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 1/2 yeminyaka ubudala, kodwa isenokusebenza kubantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Ayiboneleli ngoxilongo, kodwa inokukunika umbono wokuba umi phi na umntwana wakho.

Ukuba amanqaku omntwana wakho kuloluhlu lokutshekisha abonisa ukuba banokuba ne-autism, tyelela ugqirha womntwana wakho okanye ugqirha we-autism. Bangakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iphepha lemibuzo lihlala lisetyenziselwa abantwana abancinci. Umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-4 unokuwela kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo kunye nale mibuzo kwaye usenayo i-autism okanye enye ingxaki yophuhliso. Kungcono ukubasa kugqirha wabo.

Imibutho efana ne-Autism Speaks ibonelela ngale khweshine kwi-intanethi.

Amanyathelo alandelayo

Iimpawu ze-autism zihlala zibonakala kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Ukuba uziqaphele iimpawu ze-autism emntwaneni wakho, kubalulekile ukuba uzihlole ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ungaqala ngokuya kugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho ukuze uchaze iinkxalabo zakho. Bangakunika ukuthunyelwa kwingcali kwindawo yakho.

Iingcali ezinokuchonga abantwana abane-autism zibandakanya:

• Uphuhliso loogqirha babantwana
• Iingcali ze-neurologists
• iingcali ngengqondo yabantwana
• oogqirha bengqondo babantwana

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana isifo se-autism, unyango luya kuqala kwangoko. Uya kusebenza noogqirha bomntwana wakho kunye nesithili sesikolo ukwenza imephu isicwangciso sonyango ukuze imbonakalo yomntwana wakho ibe yimpumelelo.