Leishmaniasis: yintoni, iimpawu, izizathu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• 1. I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo
• 2. I-visceral leishmaniasis
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukrokrela
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ukuhanjiswa kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

I-Leishmaniasis sisifo esixhaphakileyo esiyi-parasitic kumazwe ashushu, afana neBrazil, echaphazela kakhulu izinja, kodwa enokudluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa zizinambuzane ezincinci, ezaziwa njengeempukane. Oko kwanele ukuba isinambuzane silume inja egulayo ngaphambi kokuluma umntu, ukuze isifo sidluliselwe.

Zininzi iindlela ze-leishmaniasis, nangona kunjalo, ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo: lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwaye luchaphazela ulusu, lubangele ukubonakala kwesigaqa esincinci okanye izilonda kwindawo yokuluma.
• Visceral leishmaniasis: ichaphazela amalungu angaphakathi kwaye ibangela ngakumbi iimpawu zenkqubo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, amanzi abuhlungu, ukwehla kobunzima kunye neziphako zolusu;

Ezinye iindlela ze-leishmaniasis azidingi nyango luthile kwaye ziphela zanyamalala emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukubonisana nogqirha, kuba unyango ngamayeza antiparasite anceda ukukhawulezisa ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukongeza kuthintelo lweengxaki, njengokuphuma kwegazi , Usulelo luyingozi ngakumbi kwaye lunezibazi.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ziyahluka ngohlobo lwesifo. Kwiindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo, iimpawu zezi:

1. I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo sisifo esithe cwaka, oko kuthetha ukuba akunakubangela naziphi na iimpawu, shwaka ngaphandle kokuba umntu azi ukuba ikhona.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ibangela iimpawu, olona phawu luphambili kukuvela kweqhuma elincinci kwindawo yokuluma ethi, emva kweeveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa, ijike ibe sisilonda esikhulu, esijikelezileyo. Kunye nolu tshintsho kunokubakho iintlungu kwindawo echaphazelekayo kunye nokudumba kolwimi kufutshane nesiza. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo.

2. I-visceral leishmaniasis

Phantse onke amatyala e-visceral leishmaniasis aqala ngomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38ºC ohlala iiveki ezininzi. Ngelo xesha, umkhuhlane uyehla ude unyamalale, kodwa ubuya kungekudala emva koko. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukudumba kwesisu, malunga neeveki ezi-2 emva kokuqala komkhuhlane;
• Iilwimi ezibuhlungu;
• Ukwehla kobunzima kunye nobuthathaka obugqithisileyo;
• Amabala amnyama eluswini;
• Kunokubakho urhudo.

Xa olu hlobo lwesifo luqhubele phambili, i-anemia enamandla inokuvela, enokuthi ikhokelele kwiingxaki zentliziyo, kunye nokopha kwempumlo, amehlo kunye nelindle. Ukuba unyango aluqalwa, ukukhula kwezifo ezinzulu ezifana nenyumoniya, imasisi okanye isifo sephepha, ezisongela ubomi, kuxhaphakile. Jonga ukuba unyango lwe-visceral leishmaniasis lwenziwa njani ukuthintela iingxaki.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukrokrela

Xa kukho urhano lokosuleleka yi-leishmaniasis kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uye esibhedlele kwangoko uyokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi uqinisekise ukuba isifo sikhona na emzimbeni.

Ngokubanzi, i-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo inokuchongwa nangaphandle kweemviwo, kuba ukubonakala kwamanxeba emva kokulunywa kwanele ukuqinisekisa isifo. Kwelinye icala, kwimeko ye-visceral leishmaniasis, iimpawu zinokuthi zifane nezinye izifo ezosulelayo kwaye, ke, kuvavanyo lwegazi oluthile kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, i-biopsy ye-spleen okanye intambo yomqolo kunokuba yimfuneko ukuze uqiniseke yoxilongo kwaye uqalise ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-leishmaniasis lunokwahluka ngokwendlela ebonisiweyo. Kwiimeko ze-leishmaniasis ezinqamlezileyo, unyango oluthile alunakuba yimfuneko, kuba utshintsho lolusu ludla ngokunyamalala lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-antiparasitic, efana ne-Amphotericin B, eboniswe ngugqirha kunokukhawulezisa ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Kwimeko ye-visceral leishmaniasis, unyango luhlala luyimfuneko kwaye lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Amphotericin B okanye iziyobisi ze-anticial ezinamandla, ezinamandla ngokuchasene nosulelo, kodwa zikwabangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-leishmaniasis ebantwini kwenzeka kuphela ngokulunywa sisinambuzane esosulelekileyo. Ke, ekuphela kwendlela yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo kukuphepha ukulunywa yingcongconi ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko anje ngala:

• Sebenzisa iinethi zeengcongconi okanye amakhethini agxothayo kwiifestile naseminyango ekhaya;
• Faka into egxothwayo eluswini okanye uyisebenzise rhoqo ukutshiza izinambuzane:
• Beka iikhola zokubulala izinambuzane kwizilwanyana zasekhaya kwaye ugonye ezi zilwanyana;
• Kuphephe ukuhlamba emilanjeni okanye kumachibi akufutshane nehlathi.

Ukongeza, njengoko isinambuzane esenza ukuba usasazo luvelise kwakhona kwizinto eziphilayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ingqokelela yenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma ngaphakathi endlwini nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nendawo yokuhlala.

Olu lumkiso, ukongeza ekukhuseleni i-leishmaniasis, lukwakhusela nakwezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukulunywa zizinambuzane ezinje ngeDengue, iZika okanye iChikungunya Fever, umzekelo. Bona ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela ekulungeni kwezinambuzane.