Ukuqonda iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-HIV

Umxholo

• Usiqonda njani iziphumo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-HIV
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV
• Luthini uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane?
• Xa inokunika iziphumo ezibi ezingezizo

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwenziwa ngenjongo yokufumanisa ubukho bentsholongwane kaGawulayo emzimbeni kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe ubuncinci kwiintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuvezwa yimeko ezinobungozi, ezinjengokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga okanye ukunxibelelana negazi okanye ukufihlwa kwabantu abanentsholongwane. .

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV alulula kwaye lwenziwa ikakhulu ngokuhlalutya isampulu yegazi, kodwa amathe anokusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni. Zonke iimvavanyo ze-HIV zovavanyo lweentlobo ezimbini zentsholongwane esele ikhona, i-HIV 1 kunye ne-HIV 2.

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV kufuneka lwenziwe ubuncinci kwinyanga e-1 emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, kuba ifestile ye-immunological, ehambelana nexesha eliphakathi kokudibana nentsholongwane kunye nokubanakho kokufumana isiphawuli sosuleleko, ziintsuku ezingama-30, kwaye kunokubakho ukukhutshwa isiphumo esibi esingalunganga ukuba uvavanyo lwenziwe ngaphambi kweentsuku ezingama-30.

Usiqonda njani iziphumo

Ukuze uqonde iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-HIV, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba iyasebenza na, ayisebenzi okanye ayiqinisekiswanga ngaphaya kwamaxabiso abonisiweyo, kuba ngesiqhelo ixabiso eliba phezulu, kokukhona usulelo luya phambili.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-HIV

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-HIV lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuchonga ubukho bentsholongwane kunye nokuxinana kwayo egazini, ukunika ulwazi malunga nenqanaba losulelo. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga elebhu, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yindlela ye-ELISA. Iziphumo ezinokubakho zezi:

• Impendulo: Kuthetha ukuba umntu ebenxibelelana kwaye wosulelwe yintsholongwane kaGawulayo;
• Ukungasebenzi: Kuthetha ukuba lo mntu akosulelwanga yintsholongwane kaGawulayo;
• Akumiselwanga: Kuyimfuneko ukuphinda uvavanyo kuba isampulu ibingacacanga ngokwaneleyo. Ezinye zeemeko ezikhokelela kolu hlobo lwesiphumo kukukhulelwa kunye nokugonywa kutsha nje.

Kwimeko yesiphumo esincomekayo se-HIV, elebhu ngokwayo isebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokuqinisekisa ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni, njenge-Western Blot, i-Immunoblotting, i-immunofluorescence engacacanga ye-HIV-1. Ke, iziphumo ezilungileyo zithembekile ngokwenene.

Kwezinye iilebhu, kukhutshwa nexabiso, ukongeza kwisalathiso sokuba iyasebenza, ayisebenzi okanye ayimisanga. Nangona kunjalo, eli xabiso alibalulekanga ngokwezonyango njengokumisela ukujonga okuhle okanye ukungakhathali koviwo, inomdla kuphela kulandelelo lonyango. Ukuba ugqirha uyitolika njengexabiso elibalulekileyo ngokwembono yeklinikhi, kunokucelwa uvavanyo oluthe kratya, olufana novavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane, apho inani leekopi zentsholongwane ejikeleza egazini lihlolwa.

Kwimeko yesiphumo esingagqitywanga, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uvavanyo luphindwe emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-60 ukujonga ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwentsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uvavanyo kufuneka luphindwe nokuba akukho zimpawu, njengokuncipha komzimba ngokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane oqhubekayo kunye nokukhohlela, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokubonakala kwamabala abomvu okanye izilonda ezincinci zolusu, umzekelo. Zazi ezona mpawu ziphambili ze-HIV.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lubonisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwentsholongwane kwaye kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isampulu encinci yamathe okanye ithontsi elincinci legazi ukuchonga intsholongwane. Iziphumo zovavanyo olukhawulezileyo zikhutshwa phakathi kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 kwaye ziyathembeka, iziphumo zinokuba:

• Kulungile: Ibonisa ukuba umntu unentsholongwane kaGawulayo kodwa kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ELISA ukuqinisekisa iziphumo;
• Okubi: Ibonisa ukuba umntu akosulelwanga yintsholongwane kaGawulayo.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lusetyenziswa esitratweni, kumaphulo karhulumente kumaziko ovavanyo kunye neengcebiso (CTA) nakwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaqala ukubeleka ngaphandle kokwenza unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka, kodwa ezi mvavanyo zingathengwa nakwi-Intanethi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, amaphulo aseburhulumenteni asebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-OraSure, ezivavanya amathe kunye novavanyo olunokuthengwa kwi-intanethi kwiikhemesti ezikwi-Intanethi phesheya yi-Home Access Express HIV-1, evunyiweyo yi-FDA kwaye isebenzisa ithontsi legazi.

Luthini uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane?

Uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane luvavanyo olujolise ekubekeni esweni esi sifo kwaye sijonge ukuba ngaba unyango luyasebenza na ngokujonga inani leentsholongwane ezikhoyo egazini ngexesha lokuqokelela.

Olu vavanyo luyabiza, kuba lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule beemolekyuli ezifuna izixhobo ezizodwa kunye nezinto zokusebenza, kwaye, ke, ayifuneki ngeenjongo zokuqonda isifo. Ke, uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane lwenziwa kuphela xa kufunyaniswa isifo sosuleleko yi-HIV ukuze kubekwe esweni kwaye kugadwe isigulana, kucelwe ngugqirha iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 emva kokuxilongwa okanye ukuqala konyango nokuphindwaphindwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu.

Ukusuka kwiziphumo zovavanyo, ugqirha unokuvavanya inani leekopi zentsholongwane egazini kwaye athelekise neziphumo zangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela ejonge ukusebenza konyango. Xa ukwanda komthamo wentsholongwane egazini kuqatshelwe, oko kuthetha ukuba usulelo luye lwaya lusiba mandundu, kwaye mhlawumbi, ukuxhathisa kunyango, kwaye ugqirha kufuneka atshintshe isicwangciso sonyango. Xa kwenzeka okwahlukileyo, oko kukuthi, xa kukho ukwehla kwenani lentsholongwane ngokuhamba kwexesha, oko kuthetha ukuba unyango luyasebenza, kuthintelo lokuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane.

Iziphumo zomthamo wentsholongwane ongagqitywanga awuthethi ukuba akusekho ntsholongwane, koko intsholongwane ifumaneka kumanqanaba asezantsi egazini, ebonisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza. Kukho imvumelwano kuluntu lwenzululwazi ukuba xa uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane lungabonakali, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokudlulisela intsholongwane ngokwabelana ngesondo, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Xa inokunika iziphumo ezibi ezingezizo

Iziphumo ezimbi ezingezizo zinokwenzeka xa umntu avavanywa zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom, ukwabelana ngeesirinji ezilahlwayo kunye neenaliti okanye ukugqobhoza ngento yokusika engcolileyo enjengeemela okanye isikere, umzekelo. Kungenxa yokuba umzimba awukwazi ukuvelisa izixa ezoneleyo zeentsholongwane ukuze ubukho bentsholongwane buboniswe kuvavanyo.

Nangona kunjalo, nokuba ngaba uvavanyo lwenziwe kwinyanga e-1 emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, kungathabatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuba umzimba uvelise izilwa-buhlungu ezoneleyo ngokuchasene nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwaye isiphumo sihle. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba uvavanyo luphindaphindwe kwiintsuku ezingama-90 kunye ne-180 emva kokuziphatha komngcipheko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo emzimbeni.

Ngokusisiseko nanini na xa iziphumo zisithi unayo, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba umntu une-HIV, ngelixa kungenzeka ukuba kukho iziphumo ebezingalunganga, kungayimfuneko ukuphinda kuvavanywe ngenxa yokuba engekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yesifo esosulelayo iya kuba nakho ukubonisa ukuba yenzeni kwimeko nganye.