Ukulala Apnea kuBantwana: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimpawu zokuphefumla kokulala ebantwaneni
• Iziphumo zokungaphathwa kakubi kokulala kwabantwana
• Izizathu zokuphefumla kokulala ebantwaneni
• Ukuchonga i-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni
• Unyango lwe-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ushwankathelo

I-apnea yokulala kwabantwana sisifo sokulala apho umntwana ephumla kancinci xa elele.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-1 ukuya kwi-4 pesenti yabantwana eUnited States bane-apnea yokulala. Ubudala babantwana abanale meko buyahluka, kodwa uninzi lwabo luphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neli-8 ubudala, ngokwe American Sleep Apnea Association.

Iindidi ezimbini zokuphefumla xa ubuthongo zichaphazela abantwana. Ukuthintela ukuphefumla kokulala kungenxa yokuvaleka ngasemva komqala okanye impumlo. Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo.

Olunye uhlobo, ubuthongo obuphakathi bokulala, lwenzeka xa inxenye yengqondo ejongene nokuphefumla ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ayithumeli izihlunu zokuphefumla imiqondiso eqhelekileyo ekuphefumlweni.

Umahluko omnye phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zokuphefumla isixa sokurhona. Ukurhona kunokwenzeka nge-apnea yokulala esembindini, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ekuthinteleni i-apnea yokulala kuba inxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwomoya.

Iimpawu zokuphefumla kokulala ebantwaneni

Ngaphandle kokurhola, iimpawu zokuthintela ubuthongo kunye nokulala okuphakathi kufana ngokufanayo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumula kokulala kubantwana ebusuku zibandakanya:

• ukukhwaza kakhulu
• ukukhohlela okanye ukukrwitsha xa ulele
• ukuphefumla ngomlomo
• izothuso zokulala
• ukumanzisa ebhedini
• unqumama ekuphefumleni
• ukulala kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga

Iimpawu zokuphefumla ubuthongo azenzeki ebusuku kuphela, nangona. Ukuba umntwana wakho akalali ngokwaneleyo ebusuku ngenxa yesi sifo, iimpawu zasemini zinokubandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ubunzima bokuvuka ekuseni
• ndilale emini

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci abane-apnea yokulala abanako ukugcoba, ngakumbi abo bane-apnea yokulala. Ngamanye amaxesha, uphawu kuphela lokuphefumla kokulala kweli qela leminyaka luyakhathaza okanye luphazamise ubuthongo.

Iziphumo zokungaphathwa kakubi kokulala kwabantwana

Ukungaphathwa kakubi kokulala kungakhokelela kwixesha elide lokulala okuphazamisayo okubangelwa ukukhathala okungapheliyo emini. Umntwana onesifo sokuphefumla esingalungiswanga unokufumana ubunzima ekuqwalaseleni esikolweni. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ekufundeni kunye nokusebenza kakubi kwizifundo.

Abanye abantwana bakhulisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kubangela ukuba bangachazelwa gwenxa ngengqondo / intsilelo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD). Kuqikelelwa
ukuba iimpawu zokuphefumla xa ulele zingangabikhoIipesenti ezingama-25 zabantwana abane-ADHD.

Aba bantwana banokuba nobunzima bokukhula ngokwentlalo nakwizifundo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-apnea yokulala inoxanduva lokukhula kunye nokulibaziseka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zentliziyo.

Ukungaphathwa kakubi kokulala kungabangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukwandisa umngcipheko we-stroke kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Inokudityaniswa nokukhuluphala kwabantwana.

Izizathu zokuphefumla kokulala ebantwaneni

Xa kukho ubuthongo obuthintelayo, izihlunu ezisemva komqala ziyawa xa zilele, zisenza nzima ukuba umntwana aphefumle.

Unobangela wokuphefumla ukulala kwabantwana ngokufuthi wahlukile kunonobangela kubantu abadala. Ukutyeba kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili kubantu abadala. Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuba negalelo kuthintelo lwe-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni. Kodwa kwabanye abantwana, kuhlala kubangelwa ziitoni ezandisiweyo okanye iiadenoids. Izicubu ezongezelelweyo zinokuthintela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga indlela yazo.

Abanye abantwana basemngciphekweni wale ngxaki yokulala. Imiba yengozi yokuphefumula kwabantwana ibandakanya:

• ukuba nembali yosapho yokuphefumla ubuthongo
• ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukuba neemeko ezithile zonyango (i-cerebral palsy, i-Down syndrome, isifo se-sickle cell, ukungaqheleki kugebhezi okanye ubuso)
• ukuzalwa enobunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• ukuba nolwimi olukhulu

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuphefumula okuphakathi kokulala zezi:

• ezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo kunye nemivumbo
• ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha
• ezinye iingxaki zokuzalwa
• amanye amayeza, anjengeeopioids

Ukuchonga i-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni

Kubalulekile ukuba ubone ugqirha ukuba ukrokrela i-apnea yokulala emntwaneni wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yokulala.

Ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo i-apnea yokulala, ugqirha uya kubuza malunga neempawu zomntwana wakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye acwangcise isifundo sokulala.

Kwisifundo sokulala, umntwana wakho uchitha ubusuku esibhedlele okanye kwiklinikhi yokulala. Ingcali yokulala ibeka iimvakalelo zokuvavanya emzimbeni wayo, emva koko ijonge oku kulandelayo ubusuku bonke:

• amaza engqondo
• inqanaba leoksijini
• inqanaba lentliziyo
• umsebenzi wemisipha
• iphethini yokuphefumla

Ukuba ugqirha wakho akaqinisekanga nokuba umntwana wakho ufuna isifundo sokulala ngokupheleleyo, enye indlela yovavanyo lwe-oximetry. Olu vavanyo (lugqityiwe ekhaya) lilinganisa ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana wakho kunye nenani leoksijini egazini labo ngelixa belele. Esi sisixhobo sokuqala sokujonga ukukhangela impefumlo yokulala.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-oximetry, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma isifundo esipheleleyo sokulala ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-apnea yokulala.

Ukongeza kwisifundo sokulala, ugqirha wakho unokucwangcisa i-electrocardiogram ukulawula naziphi na iimeko zentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lurekhoda umsebenzi wombane entliziyweni yomntwana wakho.

Uvavanyo olwaneleyo lubalulekile kuba ukuphefumla kokulala ngamanye amaxesha kuyatyeshelwa ebantwaneni. Oku kunokwenzeka xa umntwana engabonisi iimpawu zesi sifo.

Umzekelo, endaweni yokurhona nokuthatha ukungalali rhoqo emini, umntwana one-apnea yokulala unokuba ne-hyperactive, acaphuke, kwaye akhule nokutshintsha kwemozulu, okukhokelela ekufumanekeni kwengxaki yokuziphatha.

Njengomzali, qiniseka ukuba uyazi umngcipheko we-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni. Ukuba umntwana wakho uhlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zokuphefumla ubuthongo kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye iingxaki zokuziphatha, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufunda isifundo sokulala.

Unyango lwe-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni

Akukho zikhokelo zixubusha ngexesha lokunyanga i-apnea yokulala ebantwaneni eyamkelweyo ngumntu wonke. Ukufumana ubuthongo obuncinci bokulala ngaphandle kweempawu, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukungayinyangi imeko, ubuncinci hayi kwangoko.

Abanye abantwana baphelelwa lixesha lokuphefumla xa belele. Ke, ugqirha wakho unokujonga imeko yabo okwethutyana ukuze abone ukuba akukho phuculo. Izibonelelo zokwenza oku kufuneka zilinganiswe kunye nomngcipheko weengxaki zexesha elide ezivela kwi-apnea yokulala engaphendulwanga.

Iingqungquthela ze-nasal steroids zingamiselwa ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwempumlo kwabanye abantwana. La mayeza aquka i-fluticasone (iDymista, i-Flonase, i-Xhance) kunye ne-budesonide (i-Rhinocort). Kufuneka zisetyenziswe okwethutyana kude kube kungxinana kusonjululwe. Ayenzelwanga unyango lwexesha elide.

Xa iitoni ezandisiweyo okanye ii-adenoids zibangela ukuphazamiseka kwempumlo yokulala, utyando lokususa iitoni kunye neeadenoids zihlala zenziwa ukuvula indlela yomoya yomntwana wakho.

Kwimeko yokukhuluphala, ugqirha unokucebisa ngomzimba kunye nokutya ukunyanga i-apnea yokulala.

Xa i-apnea yokulala ilukhuni okanye ingaphucuki ngokuphucula kunyango lokuqala (ukutya kunye nokuhlinzwa kotyando lokuthintela ukungalali kakuhle kunye nokutya kunye nonyango lweemeko ezisisiseko sokuphefumla okuphakathi), umntwana wakho unokufuna unyango oluqinisekileyo loxinzelelo lomoya (okanye unyango lwe-CPAP) .

Ngexesha lonyango lwe-CPAP, umntwana wakho uya kunxiba imaski egubungela iimpumlo nomlomo ngelixa ulele. Umatshini ubonelela ngokuhamba okuqhubekayo komoya ukugcina indlela yabo yomoya ivulekile.

I-CPAP inokunceda iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokulala okungalunganga, kodwa ayikwazi ukuyinyanga. Eyona ngxaki inkulu nge-CPAP kukuba abantwana (kunye nabantu abadala) bahlala bengakuthandi ukunxiba imaski yobuso enobuso rhoqo ebusuku, ke bayayeka ukuyisebenzisa.

Kukwakho nemilomo yamazinyo abantwana abanesiphene sokulala abangayinxiba xa belele. Ezi zixhobo ziyilelwe ukugcina imihlathi ikwindawo engaphambili kwaye igcina indlela yomoya ivulekile. I-CPAP isebenza ngakumbi, ngokubanzi, kodwa abantwana bathambekele ekunyamezeleni imilomo ngcono, ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukuba bayisebenzise rhoqo ebusuku.

Imilomo yomlomo ayincedi wonke umntwana, kodwa banokuba lukhetho kubantwana abadala abangasenamava okukhula kwethambo lobuso.

Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo esingafunekiyo sokungenisa umoya (NIPPV) sinokusebenza ngcono kubantwana abane-apnea yokulala esembindini. Aba matshini bavumela ukubekwa kwinqanaba lokuphefumla. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba inani elisetiweyo lokuphefumla lithathwa yonke imizuzu nangaphandle komqondiso wokuphefumla kwengqondo.

Ama-alamu e-apnea angasetyenziselwa iintsana ezine-apnea yokulala. Kuvakala ialam xa kukho isiqhamo se-apnea esenzekayo. Oku kuvusa usana kwaye kumise isiqendu se-apneic. Ukuba usana luphuma ngaphandle kwengxaki, ialam ayisafuneki kwakhona.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Unyango lwe-apnea yokulala lusebenza kubantwana abaninzi. Utyando lushenxisa iimpawu zokuphefumla xa ulele malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-90 zabantwana abaneetoni ezandisiweyo kunye neeadenoids. Ngokukwanjalo, abanye abantwana abanoluphi uhlobo lwe-apnea yokulala babona ukuphucuka kweempawu zabo ngolawulo lobunzima okanye ukusebenzisa umatshini we-CPAP okanye isixhobo somlomo.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-apnea yokulala ingaba yimbi kwaye iphazamise umgangatho wobomi bomntwana wakho. Kunokuba nzima kubo ukugxila esikolweni, kwaye esi sifo sibabeka emngciphekweni wobungozi obusongela ubomi njenge-stroke okanye isifo sentliziyo.

Ukuba ubona ukukhwaza okukhulu, uyeke ukuphefumla ngelixa ulele, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, okanye ukudinwa kakhulu emini emntwaneni wakho, thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye nixoxe malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kokuphefumla kokulala.