Yintoni ebangela ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kunye nendlela yokuyiphatha

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Yintoni ebangela ukumbombozela kwentliziyo
• Intliziyo yomntwana iyambombozela
• Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kubantu abadala
• Unyango njani
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ngotyando
• Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo ekukhulelweni

Ukumbombozela sisandi sokuxokozela ekuhluphekeni ligazi ngexesha lokudlula kwentliziyo, xa uwela iivali okanye ungqubana nezihlunu. Ayizizo zonke ukumbombozela ezibonisa isifo sentliziyo, njengoko kusenzeka kubantu abaninzi abasempilweni, ekubeni, kwezi meko, kuthiwa kukungcungcutheka komzimba okanye ukusebenza.

Nangona kunjalo, ukumbombozela kunokubonisa ukungaphumeleli kwiipavini zentliziyo, kwizihlunu zentliziyo okanye isifo esiguqula isantya sokuhamba kwegazi, njenge-rheumatic fever, i-anemia, i-mitral valve prolapse okanye izifo zesifo sokuzalwa, umzekelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi meko zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, ukudumba emzimbeni kunye nokubetha, kwaye, kwezi meko, unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kusetyenziswa iziyobisi okanye ukwenza utyando, phantsi kwesikhokelo se-cardiologist.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngokubanzi, ukumbombozela kwentliziyo akuhambelani nezinye iimpawu okanye iimpawu, kwaye ubukho bayo bodwa abubalulekanga. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukumbombozela kubangelwa sisifo esidala ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo, iimpawu zinokubonakala zibonisa ubunzima ekumpompa igazi nasekuphefumiseni iiseli zomzimba.

Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zezi:

• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Khohlela;
• Ubambo:
• Ubuthathaka.

Kwiintsana, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuqaphela ubunzima ekuncanciseni, ubuthathaka kunye nobukho bomlomo ococekileyo kunye nezandla, kwaye oku kungenxa yobunzima bokufaka ioksijini kwigazi, kuba intliziyo ayisebenzi kakuhle.

Yintoni ebangela ukumbombozela kwentliziyo

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo luphawu, olunokuba yinto yomzimba, kodwa ikwabonisa uhlobo oluthile lotshintsho okanye isifo, kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo, kokubini kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni.

Intliziyo yomntwana iyambombozela

Kwiintsana nasebantwaneni, oyena nobangela wokukhalaza ulungile kwaye uyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yokungabikho kophuhliso lolwakhiwo lwentliziyo, olunokuthi lungalingani.

Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka ngenxa yokubakho kwesifo sokuzalwa ekwakhekeni kwentliziyo, esele izelwe nomntwana, ngenxa yezifo zemfuzo okanye ukuphambana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengosulelo lwe-rubella, ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza, utywala okanye Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngumntu okhulelweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kodwa iziphene eziqhelekileyo ezinokubangela ukuphefumla zi:

• Iziphene kumagumbi okanye kwiivevali zentliziyo, ezinje nge-mitral valve prolapse, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis okanye aortic coarctation, umzekelo;
• Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yokulibaziseka okanye isiphene ekuvalweni kwezihlunu zamagumbi enhliziyo, kwaye eminye imizekelo kukuzingisa kwe-ductus arteriosus, unxibelelwano phakathi kwamayeza okanye unxibelelwano, iziphene kwi-septum ye-atrioventricular kunye ne-tetralogy ye-Fallot.

Iimeko ezinobulali zinokujongwa ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo yabantwana, okanye ziphuculwe ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ezinje ngamachiza alwa nokudumba, asetyenziswa ekuqhubekeni kwe-ductus arteriosus. Nangona kunjalo, xa utshintsho lukhulu, ukuya kwinqanaba lokubangela iimpawu ezinjengomlomo kunye nemilenze emfusa, kubalulekile ukucwangcisa utyando.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuchonga isifo sentliziyo.

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kubantu abadala

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kubantu abadala nako akubonakalisi ubukho besifo, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlale naso ngokwesiqhelo, kwaye unokuziqhelanisa nokuzilolonga emva kokuba ukhululwe ngugqirha wezentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho balo mqondiso bunokubonisa ubukho benguqu, enje:

• Ukunciphisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kweentliziyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-stenosis, ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-rheumatic fever, ukubalwa ngenxa yobudala, ithumba okanye ukudumba ngenxa yosulelo lwentliziyo, umzekelo, ethintela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwegazi ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo;
• Ukungoneli kwevalve enye okanye nangaphezulu, ngenxa yezifo ezinje ngokunyuka kwevalve ye-mitral, i-rheumatic fever, i-dilation okanye i-hypertrophy yentliziyo okanye uhlobo oluthile lotshintsho oluthintela ukuvalwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezivalo ngexesha lokumpompa kwentliziyo;
• Izifo eziguqula ukuhamba kwegazi, njenge-anemia okanye i-hyperthyroidism, ebangela ukuba igazi lijikeleze ngexesha lokudlula kwalo.

Ukuchongwa kokumbombozela kwentliziyo kunokwenziwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha wentliziyo ngexesha lovavanyo lweklinikhi yokuqaqamba kwentliziyo, kwaye isiqinisekiso sayo senziwa ngovavanyo lokucinga, njenge-echocardiography.

Unyango njani

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lokumbombozela kwentliziyo yomzimba alunyanzelekanga, kunye nokulandela rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 okanye ezili-12 kunye nentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimpawu okanye ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi kuso nasiphi na isifo, intliziyo kufuneka inyangwe, kusetyenziswa iziyobisi okanye utyando.

Unyango ngamayeza

Unyango lubandakanya iziyobisi ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokwenza lula umsebenzi wentliziyo, ngamachiza alawula ukuhamba kwawo njengepropranolol, metoprolol, verapamil okanye digoxin, eyehlisa ukuqokeleleka kolwelo emiphungeni, njenge-diuretics, nelawula uxinzelelo kunye nokuququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwimithambo, efana nehydralazine kunye ne-enalapril.

Unyango ngotyando

Utyando luboniswa ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo kunye nodokotela ohlinza intliziyo, emva kokuvavanya izinto ezinjengeempawu ezingaphuculiyo kunyango, ubukrakra besiphene entliziyweni kunye nobukho bezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo okanye i-arrhythmia.

Iinketho zotyando zezi:

• Ukulungiswa kweBhaluni yevalve, yenziwe ngokungenisa i-catheter kunye ne-insufflation yebhaluni, ibonakaliswe ngakumbi kumatyala okunciphisa;
• Ukulungiswa ngoqhaqho, yenziwe ngokuvulwa kwesifuba kunye nentliziyo ukulungisa isiphako kwivelufa okanye umsipha;
• Utyando ngokutsha kweValve, enokutshintshwa yiveluvu eyenziweyo okanye eyinyithi.

Uhlobo lotyando luyahluka ngokwamatyala onke kunye neengcebiso zentliziyo kunye nogqirha wentliziyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kokuqala koqhaqho lwentliziyo kuhlala kwenziwa kwi-ICU malunga neentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Emva koko umntu uya kuqhubeka nokwamkelwa esibhedlele, apho aya kuthi enze uvavanyo lwe-cardiologist ade agoduke, apho aya kuchitha iiveki ezimbalwa engenzi nto kwaye echacha.

Ngexesha lokuchacha, kubalulekile ukuba ulumkele ukutya okusempilweni kunye nonyango lomzimba. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nophando lwasemva kotyando lwentliziyo.

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo ekukhulelweni

Kwabasetyhini ababenoluhlobo oluthile lwesiphene sentliziyo ethe cwaka okanye ukukrokra kwentliziyo emnene, ukukhulelwa kunokubangela ukubola kwonyango, kubangele iimpawu ezinjengokuphefumla kancinci kunye nokubetha. Kungenxa yokuba, ngeli xesha, kukho ukwanda kwevolumu yegazi kunye nenani legazi elimpompoweyo yintliziyo, efuna umsebenzi ongaphezulu lilungu. Fumanisa okungakumbi malunga nokuba zeziphi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuphefumla kancinci xa ukhulelwe.

Kule meko, unyango ngamayeza lunokwenziwa ukulawula iimpawu, kwaye ukuba akukho phuculo kunye notyando luyimfuneko, kufanelekile ukuba kwenziwe emva kwekota yesibini, xa ukukhulelwa kuzinzile.