Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neNqanaba lesi-4 lesi sifo sezintso

Umxholo

• Siyintoni isigaba sesine sezintso?
• Zithini iimpawu zesigaba sesine sezintso?
• Zithini iingxaki ezivela kwisigaba sesine sezintso?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwesigaba sesine sezintso?
• Ukubeka iliso nokulawula
• Ukunciphisa inkqubela phambili
• Ukuthatha amanyathelo alandelayo
• Inqanaba 4 lokutya kwesifo sezintso
• Isigaba 4 sesifo sezintso utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Yintoni isibhengezo sesigaba sesine sezintso?
• Iindlela zokuthatha eziphambili

Kukho amanqanaba ama-5 esi sifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Kwinqanaba le-4, unobungozi obukhulu, obungenakulungiswa kwizintso. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ngoku ukucothisa okanye ukunqanda ukuqhubela phambili ukusilela kwezintso.

Qhubeka ufunda njengoko sihlola:

• Inqanaba lesi-4 isifo sezintso
• iphathwa njani
• into onokuyenza ukulawula impilo yakho

Siyintoni isigaba sesine sezintso?

Inqanaba loku-1 kunye nenqanaba lesi-2 zithathwa njengesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo. Izintso azisebenzi kwiipesenti ezili-100, kodwa zisasebenza kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze ungabinazo iimpawu.

Kwinqanaba lesi-3, uphulukene nesiqingatha sezintso, ezinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ngakumbi.

Ukuba unesigaba sesine sezintso, oko kuthetha ukuba izintso zakho zifumene umonakalo omkhulu. Unenqanaba lokuhluza elimenyezelayo, okanye i-GFR, ye-15-29 ml / min. Elo lixa legazi izintso zakho ezinokulicoca ngomzuzu.

I-GFR igqitywe ngokulinganisa ubungakanani be-creatinine, imveliso yenkunkuma, egazini lakho. Ifomula ikwathatha ubudala, isini, ubuhlanga, kunye nobukhulu bomzimba kwiakhawunti. Izintso zisebenza kwiipesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-29 zesiqhelo.

I-GFR isenokungachaneki kwiimeko ezithile, njengoku:

• ukhulelwe
• batyebe kakhulu
• zinemisipha kakhulu
• unengxaki yokutya

Olunye uvavanyo olunceda ukumisela inqanaba zezi:

• iimvavanyo zegazi ukukhangela ezinye iimveliso zenkunkuma
• iswekile yegazi
• Ukuvavanya umchamo ukujonga ubukho begazi okanye iprotheni
• ifuthe legazi
• iimvavanyo zokucinga ngokujonga ubume bezintso

Inqanaba lesi-4 linqanaba lokugqibela ngaphambi kokusilela kwezintso, okanye inqanaba lesi-5 isifo sezintso.

Zithini iimpawu zesigaba sesine sezintso?

Kwinqanaba 4, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu ezisezantsi
• iingxaki zokulala
• ukwanda kokuchama kunye nomchamo obonakala ubomvu okanye umnyama

Zithini iingxaki ezivela kwisigaba sesine sezintso?

Iingxaki ezivela ekugcineni amanzi zinokubandakanya:

• ukudumba kweengalo nemilenze (iedema)
• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• ulwelo emiphungeni (i-edema yemiphunga)

Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-potassium aphakama kakhulu (hyperkalemia), inokuchaphazela amandla akho okusebenza.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• Intliziyo kunye negazi (iingxaki zentliziyo)
• Ukudumba kwenwebu ejikeleze intliziyo yakho (pericardium)
• cholesterol ephezulu
• ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu ezisezantsi (i-anemia)
• ukungondleki
• amathambo abuthathaka
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile, ukunciphisa ukuchuma, ukuqhuba ngesondo esezantsi
• ubunzima bokugxila, ukuxhuzula, kunye notshintsho kubuntu ngenxa yomonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous system
• ukuba sesichengeni sokosuleleka ngenxa yempendulo yomzimba etyhafileyo

Ukuba ukhulelwe, isifo sezintso sinokunyusa umngcipheko kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwesigaba sesine sezintso?

Ukubeka iliso nokulawula

Kwinqanaba lesi-4 isifo sezintso, uya kubona ingcali yezintso (i-nephrologist) rhoqo, ngesiqhelo kube kanye qho kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokujonga imeko yakho. Ukujonga ukusebenza kwezintso, igazi lakho liya kuvavanywa kumanqanaba:

• bicarbonate
• calcium
• creatinine
• hemoglobin
• ifosforasi
• potassium

Olunye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo luya kubandakanya:

• protein kumchamo
• ifuthe legazi
• ubume bolwelo

Ugqirha wakho uyakukujonga kwakhona:

• umngcipheko wentliziyo
• ubume bokugonywa
• amayeza angoku

Ukunciphisa inkqubela phambili

Akukho lunyango, kodwa kukho amanyathelo anokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili. Oku kuthetha ukubeka iliso nokulawula iimeko ezinje:

• ianemia
• isifo samathambo
• isifo seswekile
• ukudumba
• cholesterol ephezulu
• uxinzelelo lwegazi

Kubalulekile ukuthatha onke amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe ukunceda ukunqanda ukusilela kwezintso kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo alandelayo

Ngenxa yokuba inqanaba 4 linqanaba lokugqibela ngaphambi kokungaphumeleli kwezintso, umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo uyakuthetha nawe malunga nokwenzeka. Eli lixesha lokuthatha isigqibo ngamanyathelo alandelayo ukuba oko kunokwenzeka.

Ukusilela kwezintso kunyangwa nge:

• dialysis
• ukufakelwa kwezintso
• Inkxaso (palliative)

I-National Kidney Foundation icebisa ukuqala nge-dialysis xa ukusebenza kwezintso kuma-15 eepesenti okanye ngaphantsi. Nje ukuba umsebenzi ungaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-15, ukwinqanaba lesi-5 lesifo sezintso.

Inqanaba 4 lokutya kwesifo sezintso

Ukutya kwesifo sezintso kuxhomekeke kwezinye iimeko, ezinje ngeswekile. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokutya okanye ucele ukuthunyelwa kwi-dietician.

Ngokubanzi, ukutya kwesifo sezintso kufuneka:

• ukubeka phambili ukutya okutsha kunemveliso esele zenziwe
• baneenxalenye ezincinci zenyama, iinkukhu kunye nentlanzi
• kubandakanya ukungalingani ukusela utywala
• ukunciphisa umda we-cholesterol, amafutha amaninzi, kunye noshukela ococekileyo
• thintela ityuwa

Amanqanaba ePhosphorus anokuba phezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kakhulu, ke kubalulekile ukuba uhambe ngegazi lakho lakutshanje. Ukutya okuphezulu kwi-phosphorus kubandakanya:

• iimveliso zederi
• amandongomane
• ipeanut butter
• iimbotyi ezomileyo, ii-ertyisi kunye neelentile
• cocoa, ibhiya, kunye nekola emnyama
• bran

Ukuba amanqanaba e-potassium aphezulu kakhulu, nciphisa:

• iibhanana, iivatala, iiorenji kunye neziqhamo ezomisiweyo
• iitapile, iitumato, kunye neeavokhado
• imifuno enamagqabi amnyama
• irayisi emdaka kunye nasendle
• ukutya kobisi
• iimbotyi, ii-ertyisi kunye namandongomane
• i-bran cereal, isonka sengqolowa kunye ne-pasta
• ityiwa endaweni
• inyama, iinkukhu, inyama yehagu, nentlanzi

Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngokutya okutyayo ngalo lonke ixesha utyunjwa kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Kuya kufuneka wenze uhlengahlengiso emva kokuphonononga iimvavanyo zakho zamva nje.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na, ukuba ikhona, izongezo zokutya ekufuneka uzithathile nokuba ungaguquki okanye ungatshintshi ukutya okungamanzi.

Isigaba 4 sesifo sezintso utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo kwindlela yokuphila ukunceda ukuthintela ukuqhubeka komonakalo kwizintso zakho. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ungatshayi, ukuba uyatshaya. Ukutshaya konakalisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo. Yonyusa umngcipheko wokuqina, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye nokubetha. Ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.
• Zilolonge. Cwangcisa ukuzilolonga imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinci iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki.
• Thatha onke amayeza amiselweyo njengoko kuyalelwe. Ukongeza ekuthatheni onke amayeza amiselweyo, buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba ungeze amayeza okanye ii-supplements.
• Jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba unika ingxelo kwaye uxoxe ngazo naziphi na iimpawu ezitsha neziba mandundu kumboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Yintoni isibhengezo sesigaba sesine sezintso?

Akukho lunyango lwesigaba sesine sesifo sezintso. Injongo yonyango kukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi.

Ngo-2012, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba amadoda nabasetyhini abanesifo sezintso esisezantsi, ngakumbi ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-30, babelinciphisile ixesha lokuphila.

Baqaphele ukuba abantu basetyhini bahlala benobude bexesha lokuphila kuwo onke amabakala esifo sezintso ngaphandle kwenqanaba lesi-4, apho kukho umahluko omncinci kuphela ngokwesini. Ukuxela kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuhlwempu ngenxa yobudala.

• Kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ubomi obulindelwe malunga neminyaka eyi-10.4 yamadoda kunye ne-9.1 iminyaka yabasetyhini.
• Kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala, ubomi obulindelwe malunga neminyaka eyi-5.6 yamadoda kunye neminyaka eyi-6.2 yabasetyhini.
• Kwiminyaka engama-80 ubudala, ubomi obulindelwe malunga neminyaka emi-2,5 yamadoda kunye neminyaka eyi-3.1 kwabafazi.

Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kwakho kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezikhoyo kunye noluphi unyango olufumanayo. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukunika umbono ongcono wento onokuyilindela.

Iindlela zokuthatha eziphambili

Isigaba sesine sezintso sisimo esibi. Ukujonga ngononophelo kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukuqhubela phambili kancinci kwaye kunokuthintela ukusilela kwezintso.

Kwangelo xesha, kubalulekile ukwenza amalungiselelo e-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kwimeko yokusilela kwezintso.

Unyango lubandakanya ukulawula imeko esele ikho yezempilo kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso. Kubalulekile ukuba ubone ugqirha wezintso rhoqo ukubeka iliso kwimeko yakho kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.