Ukunciphisa: oonobangela kunye noLawulo

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukomeleza?
• Ukwahluka kwahluka njani kubantu abane-autism?
• Iindidi zendlela yokuziphatha
• Ubungakanani bokuziphatha
• Kutheni le nto abantu abane-autism bevuselela?
• Ngaba ukunciphisa kunokulawulwa?
• Iingcebiso kulawulo
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni ukomeleza?

Igama elithi "ukunciphisa" libhekisa kwindlela yokuziphatha evuselelayo, ihlala ibandakanya ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo okanye izandi.

Wonke umntu ugxadazela ngandlela thile. Akusoloko kucacile kwabanye.

Ukunciphisa yinxalenye yeenqobo zokuqonda isifo se-autism. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuba i-stimming isoloko ihambelana ne-autism. Kungenxa yokuba ukuncipha kwabantu abane-autism kunokuphuma kulawulo kwaye kubangele iingxaki.

Ukunciphisa akuyiyo into embi efuna ukukhutshwa. Kodwa kufuneka kujongwane nayo xa iphazamisa abanye kwaye iphazamisa umgangatho wobomi.

Qhubeka nokufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokunciphisa, xa kufuna ulawulo, kunye nalapho ungalufumana khona uncedo.

Ukwahluka kwahluka njani kubantu abane-autism?

Phantse wonke umntu ubandakanyeka kuhlobo oluthile lokuziphatha okuzivuselelayo. Unokuluma iinzipho zakho okanye ujikeleze iinwele zakho kwiminwe yakho xa ukruqukile, unovalo, okanye ufuna ukukhulula uxinzelelo.

Ukunciphisa kunokuba ngumkhwa wokuba ungazi nokuba uyayenza. Kubantu abaninzi, yinto engenabungozi. Uyaqonda ukuba nini kwaye kuphi apho kungafanelekanga.

Umzekelo, ukuba ubusoloko ubetha iminwe yakho kwidesika yakho kangangemizuzu engama-20, uthatha iindlela zokuba ucaphukisa abanye kwaye ukhethe ukuyeka.

Kubantu abane-autism, ukunciphisa kunokucaca ngakumbi. Umzekelo, inokubonisa njengokuzamazama komzimba wonke ngapha nangapha, kujikelezisa, okanye ukubetha izandla. Inokuqhubeka ixesha elide. Rhoqo, umntu uye abe nolwazi oluncinci ekuhlaleni lokuba isimilo sinokuphazamisa abanye.

Ukucuthwa okunxulunyaniswa ne-autism akusoloko kubangela inkxalabo.

Iba ngumcimbi kuphela ukuba iphazamisana nokufunda, iziphumo zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, okanye ezonakalisayo. Kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokuba yingozi.

Iindidi zendlela yokuziphatha

Ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya:

• uluma iinzipho zakho
• ujikelezisa iinwele zakho kwiminwe yakho
• ukuqhekeza amaqhuma akho okanye amanye amalungu
• ukubetha iminwe yakho
• uthinte ipensile yakho
• ukugungudla iinyawo zakho
• ukubetha umlozi

Kumntu one-autism, ukunciphisa kunokubandakanya:

• kunyikima
• ukubetha izandla okanye ukuqhwanyaza okanye ukujija iminwe
• Ukutsiba, ukutsiba, okanye ukujijisana
• ukuhambahamba ngeenyawo
• ukutsala iinwele
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye amabinzana
• ngokuthambisa ulusu okanye ukukrwela
• ukuphanyaza okuphindiweyo
• Ukujonga kwizibane okanye ukujikeleza kwezinto ezifana neefeni zesilingi
• ukukhotha, ukurabha, okanye ukubetha iintlobo ezithile zezinto
• ukusezela abantu okanye izinto
• ukuhlela izinto kwakhona

Umntwana one-autism unokuchitha iiyure ekugqibeleni elungiselela iithoyi endaweni yokudlala nazo. Ukuziphatha okuphindayo kunokubandakanya ukuthotywa okanye ukuzixakekisa ngezinto ezithile okanye ukucengceleza iinkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo zomcimbi othile.

Ezinye iindlela eziphindaphindayo zokuziphatha zinokubangela ukwenzakala emzimbeni. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zibandakanya:

• ukubetha intloko
• ukubetha ngenqindi okanye ukuluma
• ukurabha kakhulu okanye ukukrwempa kulusu
• ukukha ukhwekhwe okanye izilonda
• ukuginya izinto eziyingozi

Ubungakanani bokuziphatha

Nge okanye ungenayo i-autism, zininzi izinto ezahluka-hlukeneyo kaninzi kangakanani ekunqandeni kwenzeka kumntu emntwini.

Unokuqhekeza amaqhina akho kuphela xa uxinezeleke ngokukodwa, okanye ungazibandakanya koku kuziphatha amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.

Abanye abantu abane-autism, ukukrala kunokuba yinto yemihla ngemihla. Kunokuba nzima ukuyeka. Inokuqhubeka iiyure ngexesha.

Kutheni le nto abantu abane-autism bevuselela?

Akusoloko kulula ukufumanisa esona sizathu sokunciphisa. Yindlela yokuphelisa enokuthi isebenze kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, umntu one-autism unokuzama:

• khuthaza iimvakalelo okanye unciphise umthwalo ongaphaya kwiimvakalelo
• ukuziqhelanisa nendawo engaqhelekanga
• ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuzola
• bonisa ukudana, ngakumbi ukuba banengxaki yokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo
• thintela imisebenzi ethile okanye ulindelo

Ukuba iziqendu ezidlulileyo zokuncipha zikhokelele kuncedo olufunwayo, ukuncipha kunokuba yindlela yokuqhubeka nokufumana ingqalelo.

Ingcali kwezokuziphatha okanye ingcali enamava e-autism inokukunceda uqonde izizathu zokuziphatha okukhuthazayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukomisa kukuzama ukunciphisa iintlungu okanye ukungonwabi emzimbeni. Kukwabalulekile ukumisela ukuba oko kubonakala ngathi kuyancipha ngenene kukungazibandakanyi ngenxa yemeko yezonyango, njengokuxhuzula.

Ukuba ukrokrela ingxaki yonyango, yiya kwagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba ukunciphisa kunokulawulwa?

Ukunciphisa akudingeki ukuba ulawulwe ngaphandle kokuba kubangela ingxaki.

Ulawulo lunokufuneka xa uphendula ngo "ewe" kuyo nayiphi na le mibuzo:

• Ngaba ukuncipha kubangele ukwahlulwa ekuhlaleni?
• Ngaba ukuphazamiseka kuyaphazamisa esikolweni?
• Ngaba ukunciphisa kuyabuchaphazela ubuchule bokufunda?
• Ngaba ukufiphala kubangela iingxaki kwamanye amalungu osapho?
• Ngaba ukomisa kuyingozi okanye kuyingozi?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nisengozini yokuzenzakalisa, nxibelelana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lunokubonisa ukonzakala okukhoyo.

Ngaphandle koko, kunokuba kubhetele ukulawula ukunciphisa kunokuzama ukuyilawula ngokupheleleyo. Xa usebenza nabantwana, injongo kufuneka ibe kukukhuthaza ukuzeyisa. Akufanelekanga ukuba ilawulwe.

Iingcebiso kulawulo

Kulula ukulawula ukunciphisa ukuba ungasifumana isizathu soko. Ukuziphatha luhlobo lonxibelelwano. Ukuqonda ukuba umntu ozama ukuthini kuthetha kubalulekile.

Vavanya imeko nje ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukomelela. Yintoni ebonakala ngathi ibangela isimilo? Kwenzekani?

Gcina oku kulandelayo engqondweni:

• Yenza okusemandleni akho ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ukubangela, uxinzelelo olusezantsi, kunye nokubonelela ngendawo yokuthomalalisa.
• Zama ukunamathela kwisiqhelo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Khuthaza isimilo esamkelekileyo kunye nokuzithiba.
• Kuphephe ukohlwaya isimilo. Eli nyathelo alikhuthazwa. Ukuba uyeka indlela yokuziphatha engacacanga ngaphandle kokujongana nezizathu zasemva kwayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba itshintshwe yenye, ekunokuthi kungabi ngcono.
• Fundisa enye indlela yokuziphatha enceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanayo. Umzekelo, ukubetha ngesandla kunokutshintshwa ngokucinezela ibhola yoxinzelelo okanye enye into efanelekileyo yemoto.

Cinga ukusebenza ngokuziphatha okanye enye ingcali ye-autism. Banokuvavanya wena okanye umntwana wakho ukufumanisa izizathu zokuncipha.

Nje ukuba isizathu saziwe, banokwenza izindululo ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokuziphatha.

Iingcebiso zinokubandakanya:

• ukungenelela ngexesha lokuziphatha okungakhuselekanga
• Ukwazi ixesha lokungaphenduli
• Ukucebisa amanye amalungu osapho ngendlela abanokunceda ngayo
• ukomeleza isimilo esamkelekileyo
• ukudala imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo
• ucebisa ngeminye imisebenzi enika isiphumo esifunekayo
• ukufundisa izixhobo zokuzilawula
• Ukusebenza neengcali zonyango, ootitshala kunye nenkqubo yemfundo
• ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango xa kufuneka

Imbonakalo

Ukuziphatha okukhuthazayo kunokuza kuhamba ngokweemeko. Ngamanye amaxesha baba ngcono njengoko umntwana ekhula, kodwa banokuba mandundu ngakumbi ngamaxesha oxinzelelo.

Kuthatha umonde kunye nokuqonda, kodwa abantu abaninzi abane-autism banokufunda ukulawula ukunciphisa.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukufezekisa ukuzeyisa kunokuphucula ubomi esikolweni, emsebenzini, nakwiimeko zentlalo.