Konke malunga nezihlunu ezingaphezulu kwentamo

Umxholo

• Zifumaneka phi izihlunu ezingaphezulu zentamo?
• Indawo yemisipha yePlatysma
• Indawo yemisipha yeSternocleidomastoid
• Indawo yemisipha yeTrapezius
• Zenzelwa ntoni izihlunu ezingaphezulu zentamo?
• Umsebenzi weplatysma muscle
• Umsebenzi we-Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Umsebenzi we-Trapezius muscle
• Ziphi izihlunu ezinzulu zentamo kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi yazo?
• Unxantathu ongaphambili
• Unxantathu osemva
• Yise kude

Ngokwemvelo, intamo yindawo enzima. Ixhasa ubunzima bentloko yakho kwaye ivumela ukuba ijikeleze kwaye iguqule kumacala ahlukeneyo. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke into eyenzayo.

Izihlunu ezisentanyeni yakho zinceda ekuhambeni kwegazi ziye kwingqondo kunye nokukhusela ii-motor neurons ezihambisa ulwazi ukusuka kwingqondo ukuya emzimbeni wakho. Imisipha yakho yentamo ikunceda:

• phefumla
• ukugwinya
• yitya

Zimbini iintlobo zezihlunu zentamo: ezingaphezulu nezinzulu.

Izihlunu ezingaphezulu zisondele kakhulu kulusu kwaye ke uninzi lwangaphandle. Imisipha yentamo enzulu isondele emathanjeni nakwizitho zangaphakathi.

Ukuqonda ukuba ezi zihlunu zisebenza njani kunokukunceda uqonde unobangela wentambo yentamo kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

Eli nqaku lijongisisa ngakumbi amaqela aphezulu entambo, ukusebenza kwawo, kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo iipateni zakho zemihla ngemihla.

Zifumaneka phi izihlunu ezingaphezulu zentamo?

Imisipha yentamo engaphezulu ifunyanwa kumacala entamo akufuphi kumphezulu. Iintlungu kunye nokukhathazeka kuhlala kufumaneka kwezi zihlunu. Ziquka:

• Unyango
• yestococmdmdidioid
• trapezius

Indawo yemisipha yePlatysma

Imisipha yeplatysma iqala kwisifuba esingaphezulu kunye namagxa. Yandiswa ikhola kunye necala lentamo, apho igqitha khona inxenye ye-sternocleidomastoid. Emva koko iyaqhubeka iye kumhlathi ongezantsi.

Indawo yemisipha yeSternocleidomastoid

Imisipha ye-sternocleidomastoid (SCM) iqala kwisiseko sokhakhayi lwakho kwaye ibaleke macala omabini entamo. Emva kweplatysma, sesona sihlunu sentamo siphezulu kwaye sisesinye sezona zikhulu.

Indawo yemisipha yeTrapezius

I-trapezius sisihlunu esincinci, esingunxantathu esiya ngasemva ngasemva. Ibaleka ixesha elide ukusuka kwithambo le-occipital kwisiseko sokhakhayi ukuya kwi-vertebrae esezantsi yomqolo.

Yandiswa kamva kumqolo wamagxa kunye nokuncamathela kwikhola, iimbambo, kunye ne-ligamentum nuchae umsipha ngasemva kwentamo.

Zenzelwa ntoni izihlunu ezingaphezulu zentamo?

Imisipha yentamo engaphezulu ivumela ukuhamba kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kweentloko, ubuso, nentamo. Banoxanduva lokujikeleza kwentamo kwaye baxhase intloko ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba macala onke.

Umsebenzi weplatysma muscle

Imisipha yeplatysma yehlisa umhlathi kwaye ikuvumela ukuba:

• vula umlomo wakho
• hambisa iikona zemilebe yakho ecaleni nasezantsi
• xinisa ulusu lobuso obusezantsi nentamo

Ukuhambisa umlomo kunye nokujija umlomo ngale ndlela kwenza ukuba kube nakho ukwenza imbonakalo yobuso enje:

• ukumangaliswa
• uloyiko
• uloyiko

Umsebenzi we-Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Imisipha ye-sternocleidomastoid ikhusela ezinye zezinto ezinzulu, kubandakanya umthambo we-carotid kunye nomthambo wejugular.

Ikwajikeleza kwakhona intloko kwaye ivumela ukuguquka kwentamo. Kwaye i-SCM ixhasa intloko xa uyibuyisela umva kwaye inceda ngokuhlafuna nokuginya.

Umsebenzi we-Trapezius muscle

Unceda ukugcina umqolo uqonde, okhuthaza ukuma kakuhle. Ixhasa intshukumo kunye nozinzo kumagxa egxalaba.

Inceda ekuhambeni okusebenzayo, kubandakanya:

• ujikelezo lwentloko
• ukugoba ecaleni
• unyuse amagxa

Itrapezius:

• kudala ukwandiswa kwentamo
• ivumela intshukumo yangaphandle yengalo
• Unceda ukuphosa izinto

Ziphi izihlunu ezinzulu zentamo kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi yazo?

Imisipha enzulu yentamo ibandakanya oonxantathu bangaphambili nabangasemva. Ezi ndawo zingunxantathu zibekwe nzulu kulusu kwaye zahlulwe yi-sternocleidomastoid.

Icandelo ngalinye linemisipha eliqela. Imisipha yentamo enzulu ikhuthaza ukuzinza kunye nokuhamba kwentloko, intamo kunye nomqolo. Basebenza kunye nezihlunu ezingaphezulu kokukhuthaza ukuma kakuhle kunye nokuhamba.

Unxantathu ongaphambili

Unxantathu ongaphambili ubekwe ngaphambili entanyeni kwaye uqulethwe ngoonxantathu abane abancinci.

• Inkxaso. Lo nxantathu ufumaneka ngaphambili entanyeni kanye apha emhlathini. Esona sihlunu sayo iphambili yi-mylohyoid, elawula ukugwinya nokuvala umlomo.
• Submandibular. Lo nxantathu uqukethe umsipha we-digastric kwaye ubekwe nzulu phantsi komhlathi.
• Imisipha-visceral. Le nxantathu ibekwe kwinxalenye esezantsi esezantsi kwentamo, ibandakanya i-sternohyoid, sternothyroid, kunye nezihlunu ze-thyrothyroid. Ezi zibamba intlala yedlala lengqula, ithambo le-hyoid, kunye nengqula.
• ICarotid. Lo nxantathu ufumaneka emacaleni entamo. Iqukethe i-digastric, i-omohyoid, kunye ne-sternocleidomastoid muscle, eguqula intamo kunye nomhlathi. Bazimisa nethambo le-hyoid, elinceda ukuginya kunye nokuhambisa ulwimi.

Unxantathu osemva

Unxantathu ongasemva ubekwe ngasemva kwemisipha ye-sternocleidomastoid kwaye inoxanduva lokwandiswa kwentamo.

Le ndawo inkulu yezihlunu yolula ukusuka emva kwendlebe ukuya ekuqaleni kwamagxa kumacala omabini entamo. Imisipha yangaphambili, ephakathi, kunye nomva ongasemva iphakamisa ithambo lokuqala.

Unxantathu ongasemva uqulethe i-levator scapulae kunye ne-splenius capitis muscle.

Ezi zihlunu zivela ngasemva kwekhakhayi ziye kumqolo, zenza imilo ye-V ngasemva kwentamo. Bazinzisa kwaye baguqule intloko kwaye bancedise ekuphakamiseni amahlombe.

I-erector spinae iqala ngasemva kwentamo kwaye iqhubeke nangaliphi na icala lomqolo kwingingqi ye-pelvic.

I-erector spinae iqulethe i-iliocostalis, i-longissimus, kunye ne-spinalis muscle, encedisa ukuzinza komgogodla kunye nokuhamba.

Yise kude

Izihlunu zentamo ezingaphezulu nezinzulu zisebenza kunye ukuvumela intshukumo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Ukuqonda imisebenzi yezihlunu kunokukunceda:

• fikelela kwingcambu yeentlungu zentamo
• phuhlisa iipateni zokuhamba okunempilo
• Philisa ukwenzakala kwentamo

Ukwenza umthambo wentamo rhoqo kunokunceda ekwakheni amandla nasekuchaseni nayiphi na intshukumo ebangela iintlungu okanye ukuphazamiseka. Unokusebenzisa:

• unyango olushushu okanye olubandayo
• ukuphulula
• Ukuphelisa iintlungu ekhawuntareni