Iindidi zotyando lomhlathi kunye nezizathu zalowo nalowo

Umxholo

• Kutheni kwenziwa utyando lomhlathi?
• I-osteotomy enkulu
• Inkqubo isishwankathelo
• I-osteotomy echaziweyo
• Inkqubo isishwankathelo
• I-osteotomy yeBimaxillary
• Inkqubo isishwankathelo
• Genioplasty
• Inkqubo isishwankathelo
• Utyando lweTMJ
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngaphambi kunye nasemva kotyando?
• Phambi kotyando
• Ngexesha lotyando
• Ukuchacha
• Ziziphi iingozi?
• Ixabisa malini utyando lomhlathi?
• Yise kude

Utyando lomhlathi lunokulungisa okanye luhlengahlengise umhlathi. Ikwabhekiswa kuyo njengotyando lwe-orthognathic. Yenziwa ngoogqirha bomlomo okanye be-maxillofacial abasebenza kunye ne-orthodontist ixesha elininzi.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba utyando lomhlathi lunokucetyiswa. Umzekelo, utyando lomhlathi lunokuhlengahlengisa ukulunywa okungalunganga ngenxa yokukhula komhlathi ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukulungisa ukulimala.

Qhubeka ufunda njengoko singena nzulu kwiintlobo zotyando lomhlathi, xa zenziwe, nangaphezulu.

Kutheni kwenziwa utyando lomhlathi?

Utyando lomhlathi lunokucetyiswa ukuba unengxaki yomhlathi ongenakuqwalaselwa nge-orthodontics yodwa. I-Orthodontics luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwamazinyo achaphazelekayo ekubekeni imihlathi namazinyo.

Ugqirha wamazinyo kunye nogqirha womlomo baya kusebenza kunye ukunceda ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungele imeko yakho.

Eminye imizekelo yezinto ezinokuthi zenziwe utyando lomhlathi zibandakanya:

• ukulungisa ukuluma kwakho, yindlela amazinyo akho adibana ngayo xa umlomo wakho uvalekile
• ukulungisa iimeko ezichaphazela ulingano lobuso bakho
• ukunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu ngenxa yesifo se-temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
• ukulungiswa kokulimala okanye imeko yokuzalwa ebandakanya ubuso, njengenkalakahla ecandekileyo
• ukuthintela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kunye nokukrazula emazinyweni akho
• ukwenza imisebenzi enjengokuluma, ukuhlafuna, okanye ukuginya kube lula
• Ukujongana neengxaki zokuphefumla, njengokuphefumla ngomlomo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokulala

Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuhlinzwa kwemihlathi emva kokuba umhlathi uyekile ukukhula, ngesiqhelo kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo okanye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20.

I-osteotomy enkulu

I-Maxillary osteotomy luqhaqho olwenziwe kumhlathi wakho ongasentla (maxilla).

Imiqathango enokubiza i-maxillary osteotomy ibandakanya:

• umhlathi ongentla ophuma okanye ubuyela umva kakhulu
• ukuluma okuvulekileyo, kuxa amazinyo akho angasemva (imihlathi) ungachukumisi xa umlomo wakho uvaliwe
• i-crossbite, kulapho amanye amazinyo akho asezantsi ahlala ngaphandle kwamazinyo akho aphezulu xa umlomo wakho uvalekile
• i-midplacial hyperplasia, yimeko apho ukukhula kwicandelo eliphakathi lobuso bakho kuncitshisiweyo

Inkqubo isishwankathelo

Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ugqirha wakho wotyando uya:

1. yenza ukusikwa kwiintsini ngaphezu kwamazinyo akho aphezulu, ukuvumela ukuba bafikelele kumathambo emihlathi yakho ephezulu
2. sika kumathambo emihlathi yakho ephezulu ngendlela ebavumela ukuba bayishukumise njengeyunithi enye
3. hambisa le nxalenye yomhlathi ongasentla phambili ukuze ihambelane kwaye ilingane ngokufanelekileyo ngamazinyo akho asezantsi
4. indawo iipleyiti okanye izikrufu ukubamba ithambo elilungisiweyo kwindawo yalo entsha
5. sebenzisa imithungo ukuvala ukusikwa kwiintsini zakho

I-osteotomy echaziweyo

I-Mandibular osteotomy ibhekisa kutyando olwenziwa kumhlathi wakho osezantsi (mandible). Kuqhele ukwenziwa xa umhlathi wakho osezantsi uphuma okanye ubuyela umva ngokubonakalayo.

Inkqubo isishwankathelo

Xa une-osteotomy egunyazisiweyo, ugqirha wakho uya:

1. yenza ukusikwa kwiintsini zakho kwicala ngalinye lomhlathi wakho osezantsi, emva nje kwemihlathi yakho
2. usike ithambo lomhlathi ongezantsi, ovumela ugqirha ukuba awuhambise ngononophelo kwindawo entsha
3. hambisa umhlathi ongezantsi nokuba uye phambili okanye ubuyele umva kwindawo entsha
4. beka iipleyiti okanye izikrufu ukuze ubambe ithambo lomhlathi elilungelelanisiweyo kwindawo yalo entsha
5. vala ukusikwa kweentsini zakho ngemithungo

I-osteotomy yeBimaxillary

I-Bimaxillary osteotomy luqhaqho olwenziwe kumhlathi wakho ophezulu kunye nasemhlathini osezantsi. Yenziwe xa imeko ichaphazela imihlathi yomibini.

Inkqubo isishwankathelo

Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu tyando zibandakanya ezo sithethe ngazo kwiinkqubo ze-maxillary kunye ne-mandibular osteotomy.

Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kumhlathi ophakamileyo nangaphantsi kunokuba nzima, ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa isoftware ye-3-D yokuncedisa ukucwangcisa utyando.

Genioplasty

Genioplasty - utyando esilevini. Inokukunceda ukulungisa isilevu esihlayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenziwa nge-mandibular osteotomy yomhlathi ongezantsi.

Inkqubo isishwankathelo

Ngexesha le-genioplasty, ugqirha wakho wotyando uya:

1. yenza ukusikwa kwiintsini zakho ujikeleze imilebe yakho esezantsi
2. sika icandelo lesinki, ebavumela ukuba bayishukumise
3. ngononophelo uhambise i-chinbone kwindawo yayo entsha
4. Beka amacwecwe amancinci okanye izikrufu ukunceda ukubamba ithambo elilungisiweyo kwindawo yalo entsha
5. vala ukusikwa ngemithungo

Utyando lweTMJ

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lwe-TMJ ukuba olunye unyango alukhange lusebenze ekupheliseni iimpawu zakho ze-TMJ.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa zotyando lwe-TMJ:

• Arthrocentesis. I-Arthrocentesis yinkqubo encinci yokuhlasela ebandakanya ukusebenzisa iinaliti ezincinci ukufaka inkunkuma kwi-TMJ. Oku kunokunceda ukuthambisa indibaniselwano kwaye uhlambe nakuphi na ukungcola okungagungqiyo okanye imveliso yokuvuvukala.
• IArthroscopy. Ngexesha le-arthroscopy, ityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-cannula ifakwe kwilungu. Ugqirha ke usebenzisa i-arthroscope encinci kunye nezixhobo ezincinci ekusebenzeni ngokudibeneyo.
• Vula utyando oludibeneyo. Utyando oluvulekileyo oluhlanganyelweyo (iarthrotomy) lolona hlobo luhlaselayo lotyando lweTMJ. Kule nkqubo, kusikwa phambi kwendlebe yakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi asebenze endaweni okanye asuse izinto ezichaphazelekayo ze-TMJ.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngaphambi kunye nasemva kotyando?

Apha ngezantsi, siza kuvavanya into onokuyilindela xa utyando lomhlathi.

Phambi kotyando

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha wamazinyo ubeke ii-brace okanye i-aligners emazinyweni akho kwiinyanga ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Oku kunceda ukulungelelanisa amazinyo akho ukulungiselela inkqubo yakho.

Uya kuba nezithuba ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Oku kunceda ugqirha wamazinyo kunye nogqirha wakho acwangcise inkqubo yakho. Ukulungiselela kunokubandakanya ukuthatha imilinganiselo, ukungunda, okanye i-X-ray yomlomo wakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, imodeli ye-3-D kwikhompyuter iyasetyenziswa nayo.

Ngexesha lotyando

Utyando lomhlathi lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ianesthesia ngokubanzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba uya kulala ngexesha lenkqubo yakho.

Uninzi lotyando luthatha iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kodwa ubude bexesha buxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile eyenziwayo.

Ngexesha lotyando lomhlathi, uninzi lwezinto ezisikiweyo zenziwa ngaphakathi komlomo wakho, nangona kwezinye iimeko zincinci kakhulu ziya kwenziwa ngaphandle.

Ngokubanzi, ukunqunyulwa ebusweni bakho okanye kwisilevu akunakulindeleka.

Ukuchacha

Uninzi lwabantu luhlala esibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kotyando lwabo.

Xa ukwazi ukuphuma esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo malunga nokutya kunye nococeko lomlomo. Kubalulekile ukulandela le miyalelo ngononophelo ngexesha lokuchacha.

Emva kotyando lwakho, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba namava ukudumba, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima ebusweni bakho nasemhlathini. Ezi kufuneka zihambe ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Okwangoku, ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela amayeza ukunceda ukunciphisa ezi mpawu.

Kwezinye iimeko, unokufumana ukuphazamiseka emlonyeni wakho ophezulu okanye ophantsi. Oku kuhlala kuyinto yexeshana kwaye kuya kudlula ixesha leeveki okanye iinyanga. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inokuba sisigxina.

Ukuchacha kungathatha naphi na phakathi kweeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12. Emva kweeveki ezininzi zokuchacha, ugqirha wamazinyo uya kuqhubeka nokulungelelanisa amazinyo kunye nezihlangu.

Xa ii-brace zakho zisusiwe, i-orthodontist yakho iya kukunika indawo yokugcina ukuze uncede ukugcina amazinyo akho ehambelana.

Ziziphi iingozi?

Ukwenza utyando emhlathini kukhuselekile kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, njengalo naluphi na utyando, lunobungozi. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka akuxelele ngale mingcipheko ngaphambi kwenkqubo yakho.

Ubungozi obunokubakho bokuhlinzwa umhlathi kubandakanya:

• impendulo engalunganga kwi-anesthesia
• ukopha kakhulu
• usulelo kwindawo yotyando
• ukwenzakala kwimithambo-luvo yomhlathi
• ukwaphuka komhlathi
• iingxaki ngokuluma okanye ukulungelelaniswa emva kotyando, olunokufuna inkqubo eyongezelelweyo
• ukubuyela umhlathi umva kwimeko yawo yoqobo
• Intlungu entsha yeTMJ

Olunye utyando lunokuba nomngcipheko owandisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nolunye.

Uphononongo lwe-2019 lufumanise ukuba abantu abafumana i-bimaxillary osteotomy babenomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki xa kuthelekiswa nabo bafumana i-maxillary okanye i-mandibular osteotomy bodwa.

Ixabisa malini utyando lomhlathi?

Iindleko zotyando lomhlathi zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezinje:

• ugqirha wotyando
• Inkqubo
• indawo okuyo

Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba iindleko zizonke zotyando lomhlathi zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje:

• umrhumo wotyando
• iifizi zoncedo
• imirhumo yokubulala
• naluphi na uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olwenziweyo
• nawaphi na amayeza amiselweyo

Soloko ujonga kumboneleli wakho weinshurensi ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni egqunyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise utyando lwakho lomhlathi. Iinkampani ezininzi zeinshurensi ziya kugquma utyando lomhlathi ukuba liza kunyanga imeko ebhaliweyo, imeko ethile yempilo okanye ingxaki.

Yise kude

Utyando lomhlathi lwenziwa rhoqo ukunceda ukulungisa okanye ukulungisa ulungelelwaniso lomhlathi wakho. Ingabandakanya umhlathi wakho ophezulu, umhlathi ophantsi, okanye zombini.

Zininzi iintlobo zotyando lomhlathi olukhoyo. Ugqirha wamazinyo kunye notyando baya kusebenza kunye ukucwangcisa inkqubo ejongene nemeko ethile.

Nangona utyando lomhlathi lukhuselekile ngokubanzi, kukho iingozi ezithile ezinxulunyaniswa nako. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka akwazise ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Iindleko zotyando lomhlathi zinokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngugqirha wotyando kunye nohlobo lotyando. Njalo qiniseka ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inshurensi yakho iquka ntoni ngaphambi kokucwangcisa inkqubo yakho.