IHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) kunye noMhlaza weSibeleko

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga
• Ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Iintlobo ze-HPV ezijongene nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Ukuthintela i-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Uvavanyo
• Ugonyo

Yintoni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Umlomo wesibeleko yinxalenye encinci yesibeleko evulekileyo kwilungu lobufazi. I-papillomavirus yomntu (i-HPV) ibangela phantse zonke iimeko zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, esisifo esiqhelekileyo esidluliselwa ngesondo. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba malunga nosulelo olutsha lwenzeka minyaka le.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-HPV losulelo alunazo naziphi na iimpawu, kwaye iimeko ezininzi ziyahamba ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane zinokuchaphazela iiseli kwaye zibangele iingxaki ezinjengeentsumpa zomzimba okanye umhlaza.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ubukade ungowabafazi baseMelika, kodwa ngoku uthathwa njengowona mhlaza wabasetyhini ulula ukukhusela. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwePap, izitofu ze-HPV, kunye nokuvavanywa kwe-HPV kuye kwenza kwalula ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukwazi iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunokukhokelela ekufumanekeni kwangethuba kunye nonyango olukhawulezayo.

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Abantu kunqabile ukuba babe neempawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwinqanaba labo lokuqala. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwePap ukuqinisekisa ukubonwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lwezilonda ezingaphambuki. Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kuphela xa iiseli zomhlaza zikhula ngophahla oluphezulu lwethishu yomlomo wesibeleko kwizihlunu ezingaphantsi kwayo. Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli ezichazayo zishiywa zinganyangwa kwaye ziqhubela phambili kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Okwangoku, abantu ngamanye amaxesha benza iimpazamo kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo njengezinto ezinobungozi, njengokuphuma kwegazi lobufazi ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nokukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi.

Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga

Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi lolona phawu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukopha kunokwenzeka phakathi kwexesha lokuya exesheni okanye emva kokwabelana ngesondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kubonakala njengokuphuma kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi, okusoloko kugxothwa njengokubona.

Ukopha kwilungu lobufazi nako kunokwenzeka nakwabasetyhini abasemva kokuya esikhathini, abangasayi exesheni. Oku akukaze kube yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ingaba ngumqondiso wesilumkiso somhlaza wesibeleko okanye enye ingxaki enzulu. Kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha ukuba oku kuyenzeka.

Ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi

Ngokudibana nokopha, abantu abaninzi baqala ukufumana ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi. Ukukhutshwa kunokuba:

• mhlophe
• kucace
• manzi
• ntsundu
• Ukunuka kakubi
• ifakwe ngegazi

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngelixa ukopha kunye nokukhutshwa kunokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ziya kuphuhla kwinqanaba elizayo. Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungabandakanya:

• umqolo okanye iintlungu zangasese
• ubunzima bokuchama okanye ukuzikhulula
• ukudumba komlenze omnye okanye yomibini
• ukudinwa
• ukuhla ukusinda

Iintlobo ze-HPV ezijongene nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

I-HPV idluliselwa ngokudibana ngokwesondo. Ukosuleleka kwenzeka xa ulusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi yomntu osulelekileyo inxibelelana nolusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi yomntu ongosulelekanga.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo alubangeli zimpawu, ezenza kube lula ukudlulisela intsholongwane komnye umntu ngokungazi.

Ngaphezulu kwama-40 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV ezidluliselwa ngokwesondo, kodwa zintlobo ezimbalwa zentsholongwane kuphela ezivelisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Umzekelo, yenza iintsumpa kumalungu esini kodwa hayi umhlaza. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV zinokubangela umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, zimbini kuphela iintlobo,, ezijongene neemeko ezininzi zomhlaza onxulumene ne-HPV.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Ukwazi imiqondiso yesilumkiso kunye nemingcipheko yakho kwandisa amathuba okuchongwa kwangoko komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-HPV ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke. Imiba yomngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ibandakanya:

• Usulelo oluphezulu lwe-HPV
• ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide ngomlomo kweepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• Ukusetyenziswa kukamama kwe-diethylstilbestrol ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Imiba yomngcipheko kwi-HPV ibandakanya:

• inani eliphezulu lamaqabane ezesondo
• Ukwabelana ngesondo okokuqala usemncinci
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka

Ukuthintela i-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Uvavanyo

Ukugonyelwa i-HPV lelinye lawona manyathelo okuthintela, ukongeza kuvavanyo lwePap rhoqo ukukhusela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Uvavanyo lwePap, okanye i-smear, lolunye lolona vavanyo lokuvavanywa komhlaza oluthembekileyo olukhoyo. Ezi mvavanyo zinokubona iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye notshintsho olusebenzayo kumlomo wesibeleko. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kuvumela iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye notshintsho ukuba lunyangwe ngaphambi kokuba lube ngumhlaza.

Ugqirha wakho angenza iPap smear ngexesha lovavanyo rhoqo lwe-pelvic. Kubandakanya ukujija umlomo wesibeleko ukuqokelela iiseli ukuba zihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope.

Oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwe-HPV kwangelo xesha linye benza uvavanyo lwepap. Oku kubandakanya ukujija umlomo wesibeleko, emva koko kuvavanye iiseli kubungqina be-HPV DNA.

Ugonyo

Ukugonywa ngokuchasene ne-HPV kuyacetyiswa kubantu ababhinqileyo kuthintelo losulelo lwe-HPV, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye neentsumpa zangasese. Kusebenza kuphela xa kunikwa abantu ngaphambi kokuba bosulelwe yintsholongwane. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukuba umntu ayifumane ngaphambi kokuba abelane ngesondo.

IGardasil sesinye isitofu sokugonya, kwaye sikhusela kwezi ntlobo zimbini zisemngciphekweni omkhulu we-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 nele-18. Ezi zintlobo zimbini zinoxanduva lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ikwakhusela ubunzima ku-6 no-1, obangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini.

Ngenxa yokuba amadoda eyiphatha i-HPV, kuya kufuneka bathethe noogqirha babo malunga nokugonywa. Ngokwe-CDC, amakhwenkwe namantombazana alishumi elinesibhozo kufuneka agonywe eneminyaka eli-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala. Bafumana isitofu sokugonya kuthotho lwemipu emithathu kwisithuba seenyanga ezisibhozo. Abasetyhini abancinci banokufumana isitofu sokugonya ukuya kwiminyaka engama-26 kunye namadoda aselula aneminyaka engama-21 ukuba abakavezwa kwi-HPV.