Yintoni i-Teratoma?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iindidi zeetatomas
• Iimpawu zetatoma
• I-Sacrococcygeal (umsila) we-teratoma
• I-Ovarian teratoma
• Itestoma yenyani
• I-Teratoma ibangela
• Ithiyori yamawele
• I-Teratomas kunye nomhlaza
• I-Sacrococcygeal (umsila) we-teratoma
• I-Ovarian teratoma
• Itestoma yenyani
• Ukuchonga iitatomas
• I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)
• I-Ovarian teratoma
• Itestoma yenyani
• Unyango lwe-Teratoma
• I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)
• I-Ovarian teratoma
• Itestoma yenyani
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-teratoma luhlobo olunqabileyo lwethumba olunokuba nezicubu kunye namalungu aphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanya iinwele, amazinyo, umsipha kunye nethambo. I-Teratomas zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-tailbone, ovaries, nakwi-testicles, kodwa inokwenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Iiteratomas zinokubonakala kwiintsana, abantwana okanye abantu abadala. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi. I-Teratomas zihlala zinobungozi kwiintsana, kodwa zisenokufuna ukususwa ngotyando.

Iindidi zeetatomas

Iiteratomas zichazwa ngokubanzi njengabantu abadala okanye abangakhuliyo.

• Iitatomas ezikhulileyo zihlala zinobungozi (hayi umhlaza). Kodwa banokuthi bakhule emva kokuba besuswe ngotyando.
• Iitatomas ezingakhulanga kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule zibe ngumhlaza.

Iitatomas ezikhulileyo zikwahlelwa njenge:

• i-cystic: ivalelwe kwisaka yayo equkethe ulwelo
• eqinileyo: yenziwe ziithishu, kodwa ayizifihli
• ezixubekileyo: eziqulathe zombini iindawo eziqinileyo kunye necystic

I-cystic teratomas ekhulileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba zii-cymo ze-dermoid.

Iimpawu zetatoma

I-Teratomas ayinakuba neempawu ekuqaleni. Xa iimpawu ziphuhla, zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo iteratoma. Ezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zeetatomas yi-tailbone (coccyx), ii-ovari kunye namasende.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo kwiitatomas ezininzi zibandakanya:

• intlungu
• ukudumba nokopha
• amanqanaba aphezulu aphakanyisiweyo e-alpha-feroprotein (AFP), uphawu lwamathumba
• amanqanaba aphezulu aphakanyisiweyo wehomoni beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (BhCG)

Nazi ezinye zeempawu ezithile kuhlobo lwe-teratoma:

I-Sacrococcygeal (umsila) we-teratoma

I-sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) yeyona ikhula kwi-coccyx okanye kwi-tailbone. Sisifo esixhaphakileyo esifunyanwa kwiintsana nakubantwana, kodwa kusenqabile jikelele. Kwenzeka malunga ne-1 kwi-35,000 kwiintsana ezingama-40,000.

Ezi teratoma zingakhula ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi komzimba kwindawo yomsila. Ngaphandle kobunzima obubonakalayo, iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukuqhina
• intlungu zesisu
• ukuchama kabuhlungu
• ukudumba kwingingqi ye-pubic
• ubuthathaka emlenzeni

Zifumaneka ngokufuthi kwiintsana zamantombazana kunamakhwenkwe. Kwisifundo esinye se-2015 sezigulana ezanyangwa ii-SCTs kwisibhedlele saseThailand ukusuka kwi-1998 ukuya kwi-2012, umlinganiso wabasetyhini ukuya emadodeni wawukhona.

I-Ovarian teratoma

Uphawu lwe-ovarian teratoma yintlungu enkulu kwi-pelvis okanye kwisisu. Oku kuvela kuxinzelelo lokujija kwi-ovary (ovarian torsion) ebangelwa bubunzima obukhulayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-ovarian teratoma inokuhamba kunye nemeko enqabileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-NMDA encephalitis. Oku kunokuvelisa iintloko ezibi kakhulu kunye neempawu zengqondo kubandakanya ukudideka kunye neengqondo.

Itestoma yenyani

Olona phawu luphambili lwe-teratoma yamatyhalarha sisigaqa okanye ukudumba kumasende. Kodwa ayibonisi zimpawu.

I-teratoma yamatyhalarha ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, nangona inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

I-Teratoma ibangela

Iiteratomas zibangelwa yingxaki kwinkqubo yokukhula komzimba, ebandakanya indlela ezahlula ngayo iiseli zakho kunye nobuchwephesha.

Iiteroma zivela kwiiseli zentsholongwane yomzimba wakho, eziveliswa kwangethuba kakhulu ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa.

Ezinye zeeseli zentsholongwane yamandulo ziba ziiseli zakho zokuvelisa amadlozi kunye neqanda. Kodwa iiseli zentsholongwane zinokufumaneka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ngakumbi kwingingqi yomsila kunye ne-mediastinum (inwebu eyahlula imiphunga).

Iiseli zeGerm ziluhlobo lweseli eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pluripotent. Oko kuthetha ukuba bayakwazi ukwahlula kulo naluphi na uhlobo lweseli ekhethekileyo enokufumaneka emzimbeni wakho.

Enye ithiyori yeetatomas iphakamisa ukuba imeko iqala kwezi seli zokuqala zentsholongwane. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yingcamango ye-parthenogenic kwaye ngoku iyimbono ekhoyo.

Icacisa ukuba zingafunyanwa njani iitatomas ezinenwele, i-wax, amazinyo, kwaye zinokubonakala ngathi zingekazalwa. Indawo yeetatomas ikwathetha ngemvelaphi yazo kwiiseli zentsholongwane.

Ithiyori yamawele

Kubantu, uhlobo olunqabileyo kakhulu lwe-teratoma lunokubonakala, olubizwa ngokuba ngumntwana kwi-fetu (umbungu ngaphakathi komntwana).

Le teratoma inokubonakala njengombungu ongekazalwa. Yenziwe ziithishu eziphilayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-placenta kunye ne-amniotic sac, umntwana ongekakhuli akanalo ithuba lokukhula.

Enye ithiyori ichaza umntwana ongekazalwa e-fetu teratoma njengentsalela yamawele angakwazanga ukukhula esibelekweni, kwaye angqongwa ngumzimba womntwana osaphilayo.

Ithiyori echasayo ichaza umntwana ongekazalwa njenge-cyst cyst. Kodwa inqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso lithanda iwele.

I-fetus kwi-fetu ikhula kuphela kumawele abo bobabini:

• banesaka labo le-amniotic fluid (diamniotic)
• yabelana nge-placenta efanayo (i-monochorionic)

Umbungu kwi-fetu teratoma uhlala ufunyanwa ebusaneni. Inokwenzeka nakubantwana besini esinye. Kwezi teratomas zifumaneka ngaphambi kokuba umntwana afike kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala.

Uninzi lweemveku ezingekazalwa kwisisu se-fetu. Kodwa iipesenti ezingama-91 zinekholamu yomqolo, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-82.5 zinamalungu omzimba.

I-Teratomas kunye nomhlaza

Khumbula ukuba iitatomas zihlelwa njengabantu abadala (zihlala zilungile) okanye zingakhuli (ezinokuba nomhlaza). Amathuba okuba nomhlaza axhomekeke kwindawo emzimbeni efumaneka kuyo iteratoma.

I-Sacrococcygeal (umsila) we-teratoma

Ii-SCTs azikakhuli malunga nexesha. Kodwa nazo ezinobungozi zingadinga ukususwa ngenxa yobungakanani bazo, kunye nokukhula okungakumbi. Nangona kunqabile, i-sacrococcygeal teratoma ihlala ifumaneka kwiintsana.

I-Ovarian teratoma

Uninzi lweetatomas ze-ovari lukhulile. I-ovarian teratoma ekhulileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dermoid cyst.

Malunga neetatoma ezivuthiweyo ezinomhlaza zinomhlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kubafazi ngexesha leminyaka yabo yokuzala.

Ukungafakwanga (okubi) i-ovarian teratomas kunqabile. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kumantombazana kunye nabasetyhini abaselula ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20.

Itestoma yenyani

Zimbini iintlobo ezibanzi zetestoma teratoma: ngaphambi nasemva kokufikisa. Ukufikisa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye iitatomas zabantwana zihlala zikhulile kwaye azinabungozi.

Emva kokufikisa (umntu omdala) i-teratomas enobungozi. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu samadoda afunyaniswe ukuba une-teratoma yabantu abadala abonisa imeko ye-metastasis (esasazekileyo) yomhlaza.

Ukuchonga iitatomas

Ukuxilongwa kunye nokufumanisa kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-teratoma ikhona.

I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)

Ngamanye amaxesha i-teratomas enkulu ye-sacrococcygeal teratomas ifunyanwa kwizikena ze-ultrasound zomntwana. Rhoqo zifumaneka xa zizalwa.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukudumba kwithambo lomsila, apho oogqirha ababelekisayo bejonga iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa.

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa i-X-ray ye-pelvis, i-ultrasound, kunye ne-CT scans ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-teratoma. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuba luncedo.

I-Ovarian teratoma

Ama-teratomas ovuthiweyo (i-dermoid cysts) ahlala engekho zimpawu. Ziye zifumaneke ngexesha loviwo oluqhelekileyo lwe-gynecologic.

Ngamanye amaxesha ii-cysts ezinkulu ze-dermoid zibangela ukujijeka kwe-ovary (i-ovarian torsion), enokubangela iintlungu zesisu okanye esinqeni.

Itestoma yenyani

I-teratomas yamatyhalarha zihlala zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwamatyhalarha entlungu. Ezi teratomas zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye akunakubakho zimpawu ekuqaleni.

Zombini i-teratoma enobungozi kunye neyobubi zihlala zibangela iintlungu zamatyhalarha.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya iimvavanyo zakho zokuziva ukuba une-atrophy. Ubunzima obuqinileyo bunokuba luphawu lobubi. Uvavanyo lwegazi lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amanqanaba aphezulu e-BhCG kunye ne-AFP. Imifanekiso ye-Ultrasound inokunceda ekuchongeni inkqubela phambili yetatoma.

Ukujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ugqirha wakho uya kucela i-X-ray yesifuba sakho kunye nesisu. Uvavanyo lwegazi lusetyenziselwa ukujonga amanqaku e-tumor.

Unyango lwe-Teratoma

I-Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT)

Ukuba i-teratoma ifunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuzala, ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngenyameko ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Ukuba i-teratoma ihlala incinci, kuya kucwangciswa ukuhanjiswa kwesini okuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba ithumba likhulu okanye kukho ugqithiso lwe-amniotic fluid, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi acwangcise ukuhanjiswa kwangoko kwasecaleni.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, utyando lwesisu luyafuneka ukususa i-SCT ngaphambi kokuba ibangele iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Ii-SCTs ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokuzalwa okanye emva koko zisuswe ngotyando. Kufuneka zibekwe esweni ngokusondeleyo, kuba kukho ukubuyela kwakhona ngaphakathi kweminyaka emithathu.

Ukuba i-teratoma iyingozi, i-chemotherapy isetyenziswa kunye nokuhlinzwa. Amanqanaba okusinda kunye ne-chemotherapy yanamhlanje.

I-Ovarian teratoma

Ama-ovate teratomas aqolileyo (i-dermoid cysts) asuswa ngokubanzi ngotyando lwe-laparoscopic, ukuba i-cyst incinci. Oku kubandakanya ukusikwa okuncinci esiswini ukufaka umda kunye nesixhobo esincinci sokusika.

Umngcipheko omncinci wokususwa kwe-laparoscopic kukuba i-cyst inokugqobhoza kwaye ivuze izinto ezi-waxy. Oku kunokubangela impendulo yokuvuvukala eyaziwa ngokuba yi-peritonitis yemichiza.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunyanzelekile ukuba ususe inxenye okanye yonke i-ovary. Ukuvuthwa kunye nokuya esikhathini kuya kuqhubeka ukusuka kwelinye i-ovary.

Kwipesenti ezingama-25 zamatyala, ii-cymo ze-dermoid ziyafumaneka kuwo omabini amaqanda. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuphulukana nokuzala.

Ama-teratomas angavuthwanga e-ovari ahlala efumaneka kumantombazana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20s yabo yokuqala. Nokuba ezi teratomas zifunyenwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, iimeko ezininzi ziyaphiliswa ngokudityaniswa kotyando kunye ne-chemotherapy.

Itestoma yenyani

Ukususwa kotyando kwamatyhalarha kuhlala kulunyango lokuqala kule teratoma xa inomhlaza.

I-Chemotherapy ayisebenzi kakhulu kwi-testicular teratoma. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukudibanisa i-teratoma kunye nezinye izicubu zomhlaza eziya kufuna i-chemotherapy.

Ukususwa kwamatyhalarha kuya kuchaphazela impilo yakho yesondo, ukubala kwesidoda kunye nokuzala. Kukho rhoqo unyango olungaphezulu kwesinye, ke xoxa ngezinto onokukhetha kuzo nogqirha wakho.

Imbonakalo

Iiteratoma zinqabile kwaye zihlala zinobungozi. Unyango lweetatomas ezinomhlaza luphuculwe kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ke iimeko ezininzi ziyanyangeka. Ngokwazisa ngokwakho kukhetho kunye nokubona ingcali enamava sesona siqinisekiso sakho siphumo siphumeleleyo.