Iindidi ze-5 zomhlaza wolusu: indlela yokuchonga kunye nokwenza

Umxholo

• 1. I-Basal cell carcinoma
• 2. I-squamous cell carcinoma
• 3. IMerkel carcinoma
• 4. I-melanoma enobungozi
• 5. Iisarcomas zolusu

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wolusu kwaye ezona ziphambili yi-basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-malignant melanoma, ukongeza kwezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neMerkel's carcinoma kunye ne-sarcomas zolusu.

Ezi zomhlaza zibangelwa kukukhula ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nokungalawulwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezenza ulusu kwaye zinokwahlulwa ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Umhlaza wolusu ongelolusu lwe-melanoma: apho iseli ebusisiseko, iseli ebambekayo okanye iMerkel carcinoma ibandakanyiwe, ekulula kakhulu ukuyinyanga, ngamathuba amakhulu onyango;
• Umhlaza wolusu lweMelanoma: kubandakanya kuphela i-melanoma enobungozi, eluhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu kwaye inelona thuba lisezantsi lokunyanga, ngakumbi ukuba ichongwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu;
• Iisarcomas zolusu: ibandakanya i-Kaposi's sarcoma kunye nedermatofibrosarcoma, enokuthi ivele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kwaye ifune unyango oluthile ngohlobo.

Xa kuvela ulusu olukrokrisayo kulusu, oluguqula umbala, imilo okanye ukwanda kobungakanani, kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wesikhumba ukubona ukuba akukho kubi na kwaye wenze ntoni kwimeko nganye.

Jonga le vidiyo ilandelayo ngendlela yokuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu:

1. I-Basal cell carcinoma

I-Basal cell carcinoma lolona hlobo lomhlaza lungenabungozi kangako, oluhambelana ngaphezulu kwama-95% amatyala, kwaye luvela kwiiseli ezisisiseko ezime kwelona liso linzulu lolusu, zibonakala njengepinki eqaqambileyo ulusu olukhula kancinci, lunokuba noqweqwe embindini webala kwaye lopha lula. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esifanelekileyo, emva kweminyaka engama-40, ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga kubo bonke ubomi.

Apho inokuvela khona: iphantse ibonakale kwimimandla enelanga elininzi, njengobuso, intamo, iindlebe okanye isikhumba, kodwa inokuvela nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Kwenziwe ntoni: kwimeko yokusola, kufuneka kuboniswane nesikhumba ukuze kuhlolwe ibala lolusu kwaye kuqalwe unyango olufanelekileyo, oluthi, kwezi meko, lwenziwe ngoqhaqho oluncinci okanye ngesicelo se-laser ukususa ibala kunye nokuphelisa zonke iiseli ezichaphazelekayo. Qonda ngakumbi malunga nolu hlobo lomhlaza kunye nonyango lwayo.

2. I-squamous cell carcinoma

I-squamous cell carcinoma lolona hlobo lwesibini luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu ongenayo i-melanoma kwaye luvela kwiiseli ezinobunzima obukwindawo ezingaphezulu kwesikhumba. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu emadodeni, nangona lunokukhula nakwabafazi bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, ngakumbi kubantu abanolusu olukhanyayo, amehlo kunye neenwele kuba ine-melanin encinci, yona sisikhumba sombala esikhusela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela ngohlobo lweqhuma elibomvu eluswini okanye umvumbo oxobukayo kwaye wenze ukhwekhwe, okanye ubonakala njengemole.

Ukuvezwa lilanga yeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-squamous cell carcinoma kodwa inokwenzeka nakwabo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiotherapy okanye abaneengxaki zolusu ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngamanxeba angapholiyo. Ngokubanzi, abantu abafunyaniswa benesifo se-actinic keratosis, kwaye abangafumani unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha, banethuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa olu hlobo lomhlaza wolusu.

Apho inokuvela khona: inokubonakala naphina emzimbeni kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla evezwe lilanga, enje ngesikhumba sentloko, izandla, iindlebe, imilebe okanye intamo, ezibonisa iimpawu zokonakaliswa lilanga njengokulahleka kobuthathaka, imibimbi okanye utshintsho kumbala wolusu.

Kwenziwe ntoni: njengakwezinye iintlobo, kubalulekile ukudibana nogqirha wesikhumba ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwelibala kwaye uqale unyango, oluthi, kwezi meko, lwenziwe kuqala ngotyando oluncinci okanye enye indlela, njengokufaka ingqele, ukususa uninzi iiseli eziguqulweyo. Emva koko, ukuba kunyanzelekile, i-radiotherapy inokwenziwa kwakhona, umzekelo, ukususa iiseli ezisele.

3. IMerkel carcinoma

I-Merkel cell carcinoma luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza ongena-melanoma kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala ngenxa yokuvezwa lilanga ixesha elide kubo bonke ubomi babo okanye abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza luhlala lubonakala njengentlungu engenabuhlungu, enebala lolusu okanye ebomvu okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni, entloko okanye entanyeni kwaye ihlala ikhula kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Apho inokuvela khona: inokubonakala ebusweni, entloko okanye entanyeni, kodwa inokukhula naphina emzimbeni, nakwindawo ezingakhanyiswanga lilanga.

Kwenziwe ntoni: ugqirha wesikhumba kufuneka kuboniswane naye xa kuvela ibala, amabala okanye iqhuma elitshintsha ubungakanani, ukumila okanye umbala, likhula ngokukhawuleza okanye liphe igazi ngokulula emva kwengozi encinci, njengokuhlamba ulusu okanye ukucheba, umzekelo. Ugqirha wesikhumba kufuneka avavanye ulusu kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo, olunokuthi, kwezi meko, lwenziwe ngotyando, i-radiotherapy, i-immunotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy.

4. I-melanoma enobungozi

I-malignant melanoma lolona hlobo lomhlaza luyingozi kuyo yonke kwaye ihlala ibonakala njengombala omnyama oza kukhubeka ekuhambeni kwexesha.Inokubulala ukuba ayichongwanga kwangethuba, njengoko inokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifikelele kwamanye amalungu anje ngemiphunga. Nantsi indlela yokuvavanya isicwecwe solusu ukubona ukuba ingaba yimelanoma.

Apho inokuvela khona: ihlala ikhula kwimimandla evuleleke elangeni njengasebusweni, emagxeni, entlonzeni okanye ezindlebeni, ngakumbi kubantu abakhanyayo kakhulu.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Kuba olu hlobo lomhlaza lunethuba elikhulu lokunyanga xa unyango luqaliswa kwinqanaba lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba amabala amnyama, akhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye abe nokumila okungaqhelekanga, avavanywe ngokukhawuleza ngugqirha wesikhumba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango luqaliswa ngotyando ukuze kususwe uninzi lweeseli, kwaye emva koko, kuhlala kufanelekile ukuba ufumane i-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy ukususa iiseli ezishiyekileyo kulusu.

5. Iisarcomas zolusu

I-sarcomas yesikhumba, njenge-Kaposi's sarcoma okanye i-dermatofibrosarcoma, luhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba onobungozi ochaphazela ulusu olunzulu.

I-Dermatofibrosarcoma inokuvela ngokuzenzekelayo emva koxinzelelo oluthile, kwindawo yokuhlinzwa okanye yokutsha, ngokusuleleka ngohlobo lwe-herpes virus 8 (HHV8) okanye ngotshintsho lwemfuzo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana abancinci, kodwa inokwenzeka nakwabasetyhini, nangaliphi na ubudala, kwaye ibonakala njengendawo ebomvu okanye emfusa kulusu kwaye inokufana neqhakuva, isiva okanye uphawu lokuzalwa, ngakumbi esiqwini somzimba. Kwinqanaba eliphambili kunokwenza amanxeba kwindawo yethumba, ukopha okanye i-necrosis yolusu oluchaphazelekayo.

I-Kaparc's sarcoma, kwelinye icala, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengabantu abanofakelo okanye abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes 8. Olu hlobo lwethumba lubonakala njengamabala abomvu-mfusa kulusu kwaye unokuchaphazela umzimba uphela. Funda ngakumbi malunga neKaposi's sarcoma.

Apho inokuvela khona: ixhaphake kakhulu ukubonakala esiqwini, entloko, entanyeni, emilenzeni, ezingalweni nakwimeko ezinqabileyo kummandla wesini.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Ugqirha wesikhumba kufuneka abonisane xa kuvela indawo ebomvu eluswini ukuze afumane isifo esoneleyo. Olu hlobo lwethumba lukhohlakele, lunokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye kufuneka lunyangwe ngoqhaqho, unyango ngemitha okanye unyango lweemolekyuli. Ukongeza, abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo kufuneka balandelwe rhoqo kwaye bathathe amayeza okulawula usulelo.