Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngokuthintela umkhuhlane xa une-MS

Umxholo

• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokufumana umkhuhlane kubantu abane-MS?
• Unxibelelana njani umkhuhlane kwi-MS ibuyela umva?
• Ngaba abantu abane-MS kufuneka bafumane iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane?
• Loluphi uhlobo lokugonya umkhuhlane omele ukulifumana?
• Unokuwuthintela njani umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane?
• Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esibangela umkhuhlane, iintlungu, Ukugodola, iintloko, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, imiba ebaluleke ngakumbi. Kuyinkxalabo enkulu ukuba uhlala unesifo se-multiple sclerosis (MS).

Oososayensi badibanise umkhuhlane kwi-MS kwakhona. Yiyo loo nto ukufumana isitofu sokuthintela umkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwangelo xesha, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abaphila ne-MS bafumane umkhuhlane ongazukuphazamisa isicwangciso sabo sonyango sangoku.

Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba umkhuhlane unokubangela njani ukubuyela kwakhona kubantu abane-MS kunye nendlela onokuzikhusela ngayo.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokufumana umkhuhlane kubantu abane-MS?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-MS luyehla ngomndilili wezifo ezibini eziphezulu zokuphefumla ngonyaka, ngokokuphononongwa kuka-2015 kwimida ye-Immunology. Oososayensi bafumanise ukuba ezi ntlobo zezifo, ezinjengomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, zaphindaphinda umngcipheko wokuba umntu ophila ne-MS abuye kwakhona.

Uphononongo luye lwaphawula ukuba emva kokuba abantu abane-MS befumene usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-27 ukuya kuma-41 eepesenti bafumana ukubuyela umva kwisithuba seeveki ezintlanu. Izazinzulu zikwafumanise ukuba ukubuyela umva kwakhona lixesha elithile lonyaka, ngesiqhelo intwasahlobo.

Ukongeza, amanye amayeza onokuthi uwathathele i-MS anokuchaphazela amajoni akho omzimba kwaye akubeke emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu kumkhuhlane.

Unxibelelana njani umkhuhlane kwi-MS ibuyela umva?

Nangona uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo, uphando kwizilwanyana lubonisa ukuba izifo zokuphefumula zingakhuthaza ukuhamba kwamaseli omzimba kwi-system ye-nervous system. Emva koko, oku kunokubangela ukubuyela umva kwe-MS.

Kwisifundo se-2017 esapapashwa kwi-PNAS, izazinzulu zajova iimpuku ezazinokuthambekela kwemfuza kwizifo ezizimele kunye nentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Bafumanise ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-29 zeempuku ezifumene intsholongwane ziphuhlise iimpawu zeklinikhi zokuphinda ubuye kwiiveki ezimbini zosulelo.

Abaphandi baphinde babeke esweni umsebenzi weeseli zomzimba kwiimpuku, beqaphela ukwanda komsebenzi kwinkqubo yovalo. Bacebisa ukuba usulelo lwentsholongwane lubangele olu tshintsho, kwaye ke, isenokuba sesona sizathu sokuba usulelo luyonyusa i-MS.

Ngaba abantu abane-MS kufuneka bafumane iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane?

I-American Academy ye-Neurology (i-AAN) ijonga ugonyo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhathalelo lonyango kubantu abaphila ne-MS. I-AAN icebisa ukuba abantu abane-MS bafumane iyeza lokugonya minyaka le.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokufumana isitofu sokugonya, kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Ixesha kunye nohlobo lwamayeza e-MS owathathayo, kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi, inokuchaphazela ukhetho lwakho lokugonya umkhuhlane.

Ngokubanzi, i-AAN icebisa ngokuchasene nabantu abane-MS ukuba bathathe izitofu zokuphila, ezinje nge-vaccine ye-nasal spray spray. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abasebenzisa unyango oluthile lokuguqula izifo (i-DMTs) ukunyanga i-MS.

Ukuba ufumana ukuphinda ubuye kakhulu, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba ulinde iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuqala kweempawu zokugonywa.

Ukuba ucinga ngokutshintsha unyango okanye ukuqala unyango olutsha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ugonywe iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango oluya kunciphisa okanye luguqule amajoni akho omzimba.

Ngokwe-Rocky Mountain MS Centre, izitofu zokugonya umkhuhlane zimalunga neepesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kwezingama-90 ezisebenzayo, kodwa oko kungasebenza kubantu abane-MS bathatha amayeza achaphazela amajoni abo omzimba.

Loluphi uhlobo lokugonya umkhuhlane omele ukulifumana?

Ngokubanzi, i-AAN icebisa abantu abane-MS ukuba bafumane ifom engaphiliyo yokugonya umkhuhlane. Amachiza eza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Okungaphiliyo. Ezi ntlobo zokugonya zibandakanya ukungasebenzi, okanye ukubulawa, intsholongwane okanye ziiprotein zentsholongwane.
• Phila. Amayeza okugonya aphilayo aqukethe uhlobo lwentsholongwane olubuthathaka.

Ukutshatyalaliswa komkhuhlane okwangoku akukho zindlela zokuphila zokugonya, kwaye ngokubanzi kuthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo kubantu abane-MS.

Isitshizi sempumlo yomkhuhlane isitofu sokugonya esiphilayo, kwaye asikhuthazwa kubantu abane-MS. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukunqanda izitofu zokuphila xa usebenzisa, zisandula kusetyenziswa, okanye ucwangcise ukusebenzisa iindlela zonyango ezithile zokuguqula izifo (i-DMTs) ze-MS.

UMbutho weSizwe we-MS uqaphela ukuba yeyiphi i-DMTs, kunye nexesha lonyango, ezinokubangela inkxalabo ukuba ucinga ngesitofu sokuphila.

Kuthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo ukufumana isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo somkhuhlane nokuba uthatha elinye lala mayeza:

• I-interferon beta-1a (Avonex)
• I-interferon beta 1-b (iBetaseron)
• I-interferon beta 1-b (i-Extavia)
• i-peginterferon beta 1-a (iPlegridy)
• I-interferon beta 1-a (Rebif)
• iteriflunomide (Aubagio)
• I-glatiramer acetate (iCopaxone)
• fingolimod (iGilenya)
• Glatiramer acetate inaliti (Glatopa)
• alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
• mitoxantrone hydrochloride (iNovantrone)
• idimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
• natalizumab (iTysabri)
• ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)

Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, iFluzone High-Dose iyafumaneka. Isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo, kodwa abaphandi abafundanga ukuba isebenza njani kubantu abane-MS. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ngolu khetho lokugonya.

Unokuwuthintela njani umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane?

Ukongeza kokugonywa, unokwenza izinto ezininzi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Icebisa ukuba:

• Kuphephe ukunxibelelana nabantu abagulayo.
• Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi okanye ngento yokucoca utywala.
• Vala impumlo nomlomo xa uthimla.
• Bulala iintsholongwane kwindawo esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo.
• Fumana ubuthongo obuninzi kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni.

Ukuthatha

Ukuba uhlala ne-MS, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukufumana iyeza lokugonya unyaka nonyaka. Xoxa ngamayeza owathathayo nogqirha wakho, kwaye uthathe isigqibo malunga nesicwangciso sexesha lokugonya umkhuhlane wakho.

Umkhuhlane unokuba mbi ngakumbi kubantu abaphila ne-MS, kwaye yonyusa umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zomkhuhlane, tyelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.