I-Titanium dioksayidi ekutyeni-Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba uxhalabe?

Umxholo

• Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezibonelelo
• Umgangatho wokutya
• Ukugcinwa kokutya kunye nokupakishwa
• Zokuthambisa
• Iingozi
• Iqela lesibini le-carcinogen
• Ukufunxa
• Ukuqokelelwa komzimba
• Ubungozi
• Imiphumela
• Ngaba ufanele uyiphephe?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukusuka kwiidayi ukuya kwi-flavouring, abantu abaninzi baya besazi ngakumbi ngezithako zokutya kwabo.

Esinye sezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu sombala wokutya yi-titanium dioxide, umgubo ongenavumba ophucula umbala omhlophe okanye ukukhanya kokutya kunye neemveliso ezithengiswa ekhawuntareni, kubandakanya iikhrimu zekofu, iilekese, i-sunscreen kunye ne-toothpaste (,).

Umahluko we-titanium dioxide ukongezwa ukuphucula ubumhlophe bepeyinti, iiplastikhi, kunye neemveliso zamaphepha, nangona oku kwahluka kwahluka ngokwamanqanaba okutya asetyenziswa ekutyeni (,).

Okwangoku, unokuzibuza ukuba kukhuselekile ukusetyenziswa.

Eli nqaku liphonononge ukusetyenziswa, izibonelelo kunye nokhuseleko lwe-titanium dioxide.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezibonelelo

I-Titanium dioxide ineenjongo ezininzi kokubini kokutya kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso.

Umgangatho wokutya

Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokusasaza ukukhanya, izixa ezincinci zetitanium dioxide zongezwa kukutya okuthile ukuphucula umbala wazo omhlophe okanye ukukhanya (,).

Uninzi lwe-titanium dioxide ekutyeni lokutya ijikeleze ii-nanometer ezingama-200-300 ubukhulu. Obu bungakanani buvumela ukusasazeka kokukhanya, kukhokelela kowona mbala ubalaseleyo ().

Ukudityaniswa ekutyeni, esi songezo kufuneka siphumeze ubunyulu abangama-99%. Nangona kunjalo, oku kushiya igumbi lexabiso elincinci lokungcoliseka okunokubakho njengokukhokelela, iarsenic, okanye imercury ().

Okona kutya kuxhaphakileyo nge-titanium dioxide kukuhlafuna itshungama, iilekese, iikeyiki, iitshokholethi, iikhrimu zekofu kunye nemihombiso yekhekhe (,).

Ukugcinwa kokutya kunye nokupakishwa

I-Titanium dioxide yongezwa kwezinye izinto zokupakisha zokutya ukugcina ubomi beshelfri yemveliso.

Ukupakisha okuqulethwe kwesi songezo kubonisiwe ukunciphisa imveliso ye-ethylene kwiziqhamo, oko ke kulibazisa inkqubo yokuvuthwa kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuhlala ().

Ngapha koko, le phakheji ibonakalisiwe inezinto ezimbini zokulwa ne-antibacterial kunye ne-photocatalytic, eyokugqibela inciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ().

Zokuthambisa

I-Titanium dioxide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengombala ophucula imveliso yezithambiso kunye nezinto ezithengiswa ekhawuntareni ezinje ngemilomo yokuthambisa, izithambiso zelanga, intlama yamazinyo, iikhrim kunye nomgubo. Ihlala ifumaneka njenge-nano-titanium dioxide, encinci kakhulu kunenguqulo yokutya ().

Iluncedo ngakumbi kwi-sunscreen njengoko ine-UV exhathisayo enomtsalane kwaye inceda ukuthintela imitha yelanga ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB ekufikeleleni kulusu lwakho ().

Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ifotosensitive-ethetha ukuba inokuthi ivuselele imveliso yasimahla-ihlala igutyungelwe kwisilica okanye kwialumini ukuthintela ukonakala kweseli ngaphandle kokunciphisa iipropathi zayo zokukhusela i-UV ().

Nangona izinto zokuthambisa azenzelwanga ukusetyenziswa, kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-titanium dioxide kwi-lipstick kunye ne-toothpaste inokuginywa okanye ifakwe kwisikhumba.

Ngenxa yobuchule bayo obubonisa ukukhanya, i-titanium dioxide isetyenziswa kukutya nakwiimveliso zokuthambisa ukuphucula umbala wazo omhlophe kunye nokuthintela imitha yelanga.

Iingozi

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, inkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide ikhulile.

Iqela lesibini le-carcinogen

Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) luhlulahlula i-titanium dioxide njengoKwaziwa ngokuBanzi njengeKhuselekileyo (7).

Oko kwathethi, i-Arhente yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoPhando ngomhlaza (IARC) idwelise njengeqela le-carbinogen yeQela 2B- iarhente enokuba ngumhlaza kodwa iswele uphando olwaneleyo lwezilwanyana kunye noluntu. Oku kubangele inkxalabo ngokhuseleko lwayo kwiimveliso zokutya (8, 9).

Olu luhlu lanikwa, njengoko ezinye izifundo zezilwanyana zafumanisa ukuba ukusezela uthuli lwe-titanium dioxide kunokubangela ukukhula kwezidumba zemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, i-IARC igqibe kwelokuba iimveliso zokutya eziqulathe esi songezo azibeki mngcipheko (8).

Ke ngoko, namhlanje, bacebisa kuphela ukunciphisa umda we-titanium dioxide inhalation kwimizi-mveliso enothuli oluphezulu, njengokuvelisa iphepha (8).

Ukufunxa

Kukho inkxalabo malunga nolusu kunye nokufakwa emathunjini kweetitanium dioxide nanoparticles, ezingaphantsi kwe-100 nm ubukhulu.

Olunye uphando oluncinci lwe-tube-test lubonakalisile ukuba ezi nanoparticles zixutywe ngamaseli emathumbu kwaye zinokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokukhula komhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba akukho ziphumo (,,).

Ngaphaya koko, uphononongo lwango-2019 lwaphawula ukuba ibanga lokutya i-titanium dioxide yayinkulu hayi ii-nanoparticles. Ke, ababhali baqukumbele ngelithi nayiphi na i-titanium dioxide ekutyeni ifunxwe ngendlela engalunganga, ingabeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu ().

Okokugqibela, uphando lubonakalisile ukuba i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ayidluli kwinqanaba lokuqala lolusu- i-stratum corneum- kwaye ayisiyi-carcinogenic (,).

Ukuqokelelwa komzimba

Olunye uphando kwiigundane lubonile ukuqokelelwa kwe-titanium dioxide esibindini, kudakada, nasezintso. Oko kwathethileyo, uninzi lwezifundo zisebenzisa idosi ephezulu kunale ubuya kuyitya, yenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuba ngaba ezi ziphumo ziya kwenzeka ebantwini ().

Uphengululo luka-2016 nguGunyaziwe woKhuseleko loKutya e-Europe wagqiba kwelokuba ukufunxeka kwe-titanium dioxide kusezantsi kakhulu kwaye naziphi na izinto ezifunxwayo ikakhulu zikhutshwa lilindle (14).

Nangona kunjalo, bafumanise ukuba amanqanaba amancinci e-0.01% afunxwa ziiseli zomzimba- ezaziwa njengezicubu ezinxulumene nesisu esiswini-kwaye zinokuhanjiswa kwamanye amalungu. Okwangoku, ayaziwa ukuba oku kunokuchaphazela njani impilo yabantu (14).

Nangona uninzi lwezifundo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zingabonisi ziphumo zengozi zokusetyenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide, zimbalwa izifundo zabantu zexesha elide ezikhoyo. Ke ngoko, uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuqonda ngcono indima yalo kwimpilo yabantu (,).

I-Titanium dioxide ihlelwa njengeqela le-2B carcinogen njengoko izifundo zezilwanyana zidibanise inhalation yayo nophuhliso lwethumba lomphunga. Nangona kunjalo, akukho phando lubonisa ukuba i-titanium dioxide ekutyeni iyonakalisa impilo yakho.

Ubungozi

E-United States, iimveliso zinokuqulatha ngaphezulu kwe-1% ye-titanium dioxide enobunzima, kwaye ngenxa yesakhono sayo sokusasaza ukukhanya, abavelisi bokutya kufuneka basebenzise imali encinci ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo ().

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 badla uninzi lwezi zongezo, nge-avareji ye-0.08 mg ngeponti nganye (i-0.18 mg ngekg) yobunzima bomzimba ngosuku.

Ngokuthelekisayo, umndilili wabantu abadala utya malunga ne-0.05 mg ngeepawundi (0.1 mg ngekg) ngosuku, nangona la manani ehluka (, 14).

Oku kungenxa yokutya okuphezulu kwamakhekhe kunye neelekese ngabantwana, kunye nobungakanani bomzimba wabo omncinci ().

Ngenxa yophando olunqongopheleyo olukhoyo, akukho Kwamkelwa kweMihla ngemihla (ADI) eyamkelekileyo ye-titanium dioxide. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olunzulu olwenziwe yiGunya loKhuseleko loKutya lwaseYurophu alufumananga ziphumo zibi kwiigundane ezitye i-1,023 mg ngeponti nganye (i-2,250 mg ngekg) ngemini (14).

Okwangoku, uphando olongezelelekileyo lomntu luyafuneka.

Abantwana badla eyona titanium dioxide ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kwayo kwiilekese kunye namakhekhe. Uphando olungakumbi luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kusekwe iADI.

Imiphumela

Kukho uphando olulinganiselweyo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-titanium dioxide, kwaye ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokufikelela (,,):

• Ukusetyenziswa komlomo. Akukho ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zaziwayo.
• Amehlo. Ikhompawundi inokubangela ukucaphuka okuncinci.
• Ukuphefumula. Ukuphefumla uthuli lwe-titanium dioxide kunxulunyaniswe nomhlaza wemiphunga kwizifundo zezilwanyana.
• Ulusu. Ingabangela ukucaphuka okuncinci.

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinxulumene nokuphefumla ngothuli lwe-titanium dioxide. Ke ngoko, kukho imigangatho yemizi-mveliso endaweni yokunciphisa umngcipheko ().

Akukho ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zaziwayo zokusebenzisa i-titanium dioxide. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwezilwanyana lubonisa ukuba ukuphefumla uthuli lwayo kunokunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ngaba ufanele uyiphephe?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, titanium dioxide ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo ukuba ingasetyenziswa.

Uninzi lophando luqukumbela ukuba isixa esityiweyo kukutya siphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba asibeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu (,,, 14).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usafuna ukusiphepha esi songezelelo, qiniseka ukuba ufunda iilebheli zokutya neziselo ngononophelo. Itshungama, iikeyiki, iilekese, iikhrimu zekofu, kunye nezinto zokuhombisa ikeyiki zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo nge-titanium dioxide.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kunokubakho urhwebo olwahlukileyo okanye amagama aqhelekileyo ekhompawundi anokuthi uluhlu lwabavelisi lubhale endaweni ye "titanium dioxide," ke qiniseka ukuzazisa (17).

Ukujonga i-titanium dioxide ikhona ikakhulu kukutya okucutshungulwayo, kulula ukuyiphepha ngokukhetha ukutya ukutya okupheleleyo, okungasetyenziswanga.

Nangona i-titanium dioxide ibonwa njengekhuselekileyo, usenokunqwenela ukuyiphepha. Ukutya okuqhelekileyo kunye nesongezelelo kubandakanya i-chewing gum, i-pastries, i-cream creamers kunye ne-cake decorations.

Umgca wezantsi

I-Titanium dioxide sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza mhlophe iimveliso ezininzi zokutya ukongeza kwiimveliso zothambiso, zepeyinti kunye nephepha.

Ukutya okune-titanium dioxide ngokwesiqhelo ziilekese, iikeyiki, itshungama, iikhrimu zekofu, iitshokholethi kunye nokuhonjiswa kwekhekhe.

Nangona kukho inkxalabo ngokhuseleko, i-titanium dioxide ibonwa njengekhuselekileyo yi-FDA. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabantu alutyi phantse ngokwaneleyo ukunika ingozi.

Ukuba usafuna ukunqanda i-titanium dioxide, qiniseka ukuba ufunda iilebhile ngononophelo kwaye unamathele kukutya okucutshungulweyo okuncinci.