Ukuphazamiseka kwi-TMJ (yeTemporomandibular Joint)

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kweTMJ?
• Zithini iimpawu ze-TMJD?
• Ichongwa njani i-TMJD?
• Iphathwa njani i-TMJD?
• Inokuthintelwa njani i-TMJD?
• Imbonakalo yeengxaki zeTMJ

Yintoni i-TMJ?

Umdibaniso wetemporomandibular (TMJ) lilungu elidibanisa amandla akho (umhlathi osezantsi) kukhakhayi lwakho. Idibeneyo inokufumaneka kumacala omabini entloko yakho phambi kweendlebe zakho. Ivumela umhlathi wakho ukuba uvule kwaye uvale, ikwenza ukuba ukwazi ukuthetha nokutya.

Esi shunqulelo sikwasetyenziselwe ukubhekisa kwiqela leengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nomhlathi wakho, kodwa oku kuya kusenziwa kufinyezwe ngokufuthi njenge-TMD okanye i-TMJD ukwahlula indibaniselwano ye-temporomandibular ngokwayo kwiingxaki ze-TMJ. Ezi ngxaki zinokubangela ukuthamba ngokudibeneyo, iintlungu ebusweni, kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa ngokudibeneyo.

Ngokwe-National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, uninzi lwezigidi ezili-10 zaseMelika zinengxaki ye-TMJD. I-TMJD ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Ezi ngxaki ziyanyangeka, kodwa zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho. Oku kunokwenza uxilongo lube nzima.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi nge-TMJD. Kuya kufuneka uxoxe nanto ikhathazayo nogqirha wakho.

Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kweTMJ?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akwaziwa ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ. Ukulimala emhlathini okanye ngokudibeneyo kunokudlala indima. Kukho nezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kuphuhliso lwe-TMJD. Oku kubandakanya:

• isifo samathambo
• Ukhukuliseko lwendibaniselwano
• kukungqengqa okanye ukuqinisa amazinyo
• iingxaki zomhlathi ezakhiweyo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa

Kukho ezinye izinto ezihlala zihambelana nokuphuhliswa kwe-TMJD, kodwa azange zibonakaliswe ukuba zibangele i-TMJD. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukusetyenziswa kwamabhanti orthodontic
• ukungahambi kakuhle okunyanzela izihlunu zentamo nobuso
• uxinzelelo olude
• ukutya okungafanelekanga
• ukungabikho kokulala

Zithini iimpawu ze-TMJD?

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ zixhomekeke kubukhali kunye nonobangela wemeko yakho. Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lwe-TMJD yintlungu kumhlathi kunye nezihlunu ezijikelezileyo. Ezinye iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa nezi ngxaki zibandakanya:

• iintlungu ezinokuviwa ebusweni okanye entanyeni
• ukuqina kwezihlunu zomhlathi
• intshukumo encinci yomhlathi
• Ukutshixa imihlathi
• ukucofa okanye ukuphuma kwesandi kwindawo yeTMJ
• tshintsha emhlathini, utshintshe indlela amazinyo angaphezulu kunye asezantsi alungelelanisa (ebizwa ngokuba yi-malocclusion)

Iimpawu zingabonakalisa kwicala elinye lobuso, okanye zombini.

Ichongwa njani i-TMJD?

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa isifo. Akukho vavanyo lusemgangathweni lokuchonga ezi ngxaki. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kugqirha wamazinyo okanye endlebeni, empumlweni nasemqaleni (ENT) yingcali ukufumanisa imeko yakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya umhlathi wakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho ukudumba okanye ukuthamba ukuba uneempawu zesifo i-TMJ. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• X-ray yomhlathi
• I-CT scan yomhlathi ukuze ibone amathambo kunye namalungu adibeneyo
• I-MRI yomhlathi ukujonga ukuba kukho iingxaki kulwakhiwo lomhlathi

Iphathwa njani i-TMJD?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zeengxaki ze-TMJ zinokunyangwa ngeendlela zokuzinakekela ekhaya. Ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-TMJ unga:

• yitya ukutya okuthambileyo
• Sebenzisa umkhenkce ukunciphisa ukudumba
• ukunciphisa intshukumo yomhlathi
• thintela itshungama kunye nokutya okunzima (njengenkomo yenkomo)
• ukunciphisa uxinzelelo
• sebenzisa ukuzolula umhlathi ukunceda ukuphucula intshukumo yomhlathi

Unokufuna uncedo kugqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki kolu nyango. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika okanye acebise oku kulandelayo:

• iintlungu zonyango (ezinje nge-ibuprofen)
• amayeza okuphucula izihlunu zomhlathi (njengeFlexeril, iSoma, okanye iValium)
• amayeza okunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba emhlathini (iziyobisi ze-corticosteroid)
• ukuzinzisa iziqwenga okanye ukulinda ukukhusela amazinyo
• I-Botox ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimisipha kunye neentsholongwane zomhlathi
• indlela yokuziphatha eqondayo ekuncedeni ukunciphisa uxinzelelo

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokunyanga imeko yakho. Iinkqubo zinokubandakanya:

• unyango lokulungisa amazinyo ukuphucula ukuluma kwakho kunye nokulungelelanisa amazinyo akho
• arthrocentesis, esusa ulwelo kunye nenkunkuma kwilungu
• utyando endaweni yelungu

Iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga le meko zinokuthi, kwezinye iimeko, zenze iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nobungozi obunokubakho kwezi nkqubo.

Inokuthintelwa njani i-TMJD?

Awungekhe ukwazi ukuthintela i-TMJD ekuphuhliseni, kodwa unganakho ukunciphisa iimpawu ngokunciphisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo. Kunokuba luncedo ukuzama ukuyeka ukugaya amazinyo ukuba lo ngumba kuwe. Izisombululo ezinokubakho zokutshixwa kwamazinyo zibandakanya ukunxiba umlomo ebusuku kunye nokuthomalalisa izihlunu. Unokunceda ekuthinteleni ukugaya kwamazinyo ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho kunye noxinzelelo ngokucebisa, ngokuzivocavoca nangokutya.

Imbonakalo yeengxaki zeTMJ

Imbonakalo yesifo se-TMJ ixhomekeke kwisizathu sengxaki. I-TMD inokunyangwa ngempumelelo kubantu abaninzi ngamayeza asekhaya, njengokutshintsha kokuma okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Ukuba imeko yakho ibangelwa sisifo esinganyangekiyo (sexesha elide) esifana nesifo samathambo, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alunakwanela. Isifo samathambo sinokulidibanisa ngokudibeneyo ixesha kunye nokwandisa iintlungu.

Uninzi lwamatyala e-TMJD aguqula utshintsho kwimikhwa yokuphila, kunokwenzeka ukuba idityaniswe namayeza ukunciphisa nayiphi na intlungu kunye nokungonwabi. Unyango olunomsindo alufane lufuneke. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezinto onokukhetha kuzo ukumisela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.