Yintoni i-thoracentesis, yenzelwe ntoni kwaye yenziwa njani?

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Kwenziwa njani
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
• Ukungqinelana

I-Thoracentesis yinkqubo eyenziwa ngugqirha ukususa ulwelo kwindawo yokubongoza, eyinxalenye phakathi kwenwebu egubungele umphunga kunye neembambo. Olu lwelo luqokelelwa luze luthunyelwe elabhoratri ukuze luchaze nasiphi na isifo, kodwa lukwanceda ukukhulula iimpawu, ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci kunye nentlungu esifubeni, ebangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo kwindawo yokubongoza.

Ngokubanzi, yinkqubo ekhawulezayo kwaye ayifuni xesha lide ukuyifumana, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ububomvu, iintlungu kunye nokuvuza kolwelo kunokwenzeka kwindawo apho kufakwe inaliti, kwaye kufuneka wazise ugqirha.

Yenzelwe ntoni

I-Thoracentesis, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumsele wamanzi, iboniswa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinjengeentlungu xa uphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci okubangelwa yingxaki yemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inokuboniswa ukuba iphande unobangela wokuqokelelwa kolwelo kwindawo yokubhengeza.

Oku kuqokelelana kolwelo ngaphandle komphunga kubizwa ngokuba yi-pleural effusion kwaye kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezithile, ezinje:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo;
• Usulelo lweentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya okanye iifungi;
• Umhlaza wemiphunga;
• Ihlwili legazi emiphungeni;
• Inkqubo ye lupus erythematosus;
• Isifo sephepha;
• Inyumoniya enamandla;
• Impendulo kumayeza.

Ugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-pulmonologist angachonga ukunyanzeliswa kwe-pleural ngoviwo olufana ne-X-ray, i-computed tomography okanye i-ultrasound kwaye inokubonisa ukusebenza kwe-thoracentesis kwezinye izizathu, ezinje nge-biopsy ye-pleura.

Kwenziwa njani

I-Thoracentesis yinkqubo eyenziwa esibhedlele okanye eklinikhi ngugqirha oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wamaphaphu okanye ugqirha jikelele. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultrasound kubonisiwe ngexesha le-thoracentesis, kuba ngale ndlela ugqirha uyazi kakuhle apho ulwelo luqokeleleka khona, kodwa kwiindawo apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultrasound kungafumaneki, ugqirha ukhokelwa yimviwo yemifanekiso eyenziwe ngaphambi inkqubo, enjenge-X-ray okanye i-tomography.

I-Thoracentesis idla ngokwenziwa kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, kodwa ingathatha ixesha elide ukuba kukho ulwelo oluninzi kwindawo yokubongoza. Amanyathelo enkqubo ngala:

1. Susa izacholo kunye nezinye izinto kwaye unxibe iimpahla zasesibhedlele ngokuvula ngasemva;
2. Izixhobo ziya kufakwa ukulinganisa ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye abongikazi baya kuba nakho ukubeka ityhubhu ngeempumlo okanye imaski ukuqinisekisa ioksijini engakumbi kwimiphunga;
3. Ukuhlala okanye ulele elunxwemeni lwe-stretcher uphakamise iingalo, njengoko esi sikhundla sinceda ugqirha ukuba abone ngcono izithuba eziphakathi kweembambo, kulapho aya kubeka khona inaliti;
4. Ulusu lucocwa ngemveliso ye-antiseptic kunye ne-anesthesia isetyenziswa apho ugqirha aya kugqobhoza ngenaliti;
5. Emva kokuba i-anesthesia iqale ukusebenza kwisiza, ugqirha ufaka inaliti kwaye urhoxe ulwelo kancinci;
6. Xa ulwelo lususiwe, inaliti iya kususwa kwaye ukubekwa endaweni.

Nje ukuba inkqubo igqitywe, isampuli yolwelo ithunyelwa elebhu kwaye iX-reyi ingenziwa kugqirha ukuze abone imiphunga.

Ubungakanani bolwelo oluchithwe ngexesha lenkqubo luxhomekeke kwisifo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokubeka ityhubhu yokukhupha ulwelo oluninzi, olubizwa ngokuba ngumsele. Funda nzulu malunga nento yokukhupha amanzi kunye nokhathalelo oluyimfuneko.

Ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkqubo, kukho imiqondiso yokuphuma kwegazi okanye ukuvuza kolwelo. Xa kungekho nanye yale miqondiso, ugqirha uya kukukhulula ugoduke, kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba ulumkise xa kukho umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38 ° C, ububomvu kwindawo apho kufakwe inaliti, ukuba kukho igazi elivuzayo okanye ulwelo, ubufutshane umphefumlo okanye iintlungu esifubeni.

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho zithintelo ekutyeni ekhaya kwaye ugqirha unokucela ukuba ezinye izinto zomzimba zinqunyanyiswe.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

I-Thoracentesis yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo, ngakumbi xa isenziwa ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound, kodwa ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka kwaye ziyahluka ngokwempilo yomntu kunye nohlobo lwesifo.

Ezona ngxaki ziphambili zolu hlobo lwenkqubo kunokuba kukopha, usulelo, i-edema yemiphunga okanye i-pneumothorax. Kungenzeka ukuba kubangele umonakalo kwisibindi okanye kwi-spleen, kodwa ezi zinqabile.

Ukongeza, emva kwenkqubo, kunokuvela iintlungu zesifuba, ukukhohlela owomileyo kunye nokuziva utyhafile, ke kuhlala kufanelekile ukunxibelelana nogqirha owenza i-thoracentesis.

Ukungqinelana

I-Thoracentesis yinkqubo enokuthi yenzelwe uninzi lwabantu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko inokuphikiswa, njengokufumana iingxaki zokuvala igazi okanye ukopha.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha ukuba uza kuvavanywa kwiimeko zokukhulelwa, i-allergies kwi-latex okanye i-anesthesia okanye ukusetyenziswa kweyeza. Umntu kufuneka alandele iingcebiso ezenziwe ngugqirha ngaphambi kwenkqubo, njengokuyeka ukuthatha amayeza, ukuqhubeka nokuzila ukutya kunye nokuthatha iimvavanyo zokucinga ezenziwe ngaphambi kwe-thoracentesis.