I-Toxoplasmosis: yintoni, ukuhambisa, iintlobo kunye nendlela yokuthintela

Umxholo

• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Ubomi bexesha lobomi Toxoplasma gondii
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Iindidi ze toxoplasmosis
• 1. I-toxoplasmosis ye-Ocular
• 2. I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• 3. I-Cerebrospinal okanye i-meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Uthintelo toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis, eyaziwa ngokuba sisifo sekati, sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yiprotozoa Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), eneekati njengomphathi wazo oqinisekileyo kunye nabantu njengabalamli. Uninzi lwexesha, usulelo alubangeli zimpawu, nangona kunjalo ukuba umntu unamajoni omzimba atyhafileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu kunye nosulelo lukhona kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuvela kweendlela ezinzima zesi sifo.

Esi sifo sidluliselwa ikakhulu ngokutya ukutya okungcoliswe zii-cysts zesidleleli okanye ngokudibana nelindle leekati ezosulelekileyo. Ukongeza, i-toxoplasmosis inokudluliselwa isuka kumama iye emntwaneni, nangona kunjalo oku kwenzeka kuphela xa isifo singafunyanwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye unyango lungenziwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Nangona ingabangeli zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba i-toxoplasmosis ichongwe kwaye inyangwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha ukuthintela iingxaki, ezinje ngobumfama, ukuxhuzula kunye nokufa, umzekelo.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

I-Toxoplasmosis inokusasazwa ngokusetyenziswa kokutya okuluhlaza kunye nokutya okucocekileyo, okufana nenyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, engcoliswe lilindle leekati ezosulelekileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi angcoliswe zii-cyst zeparasite.

Ukudibana neekati ezosulelekileyo akwanelanga ukuhambisa i Toxoplasma gondii, kuyimfuneko ukuba umntu adibane nelindle leekati ukuze ungcoliseko lwenzeke, kuba ungcoliseko lunokwenzeka ngokuphefumla okanye ukungenisa uhlobo olusulelayo lwe-parasite. Ke, xa ucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okhuselo kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho unxibelelwano nohlobo losulelo lwe-parasite.

Ngenxa yokuba ifom yesifo T. gondii zikwazi ukuhlala zisosulela emhlabeni ixesha elide, ezinye izilwanyana ezinjengeegusha, iinkomo kunye neehagu, umzekelo, zinokosulelwa sisifunxi-gazi, esingena kwiiseli zamathumbu ezi zilwanyana.Ke, xa usitya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, umntu naye unokungcoliswa ngu Toxoplasma gondii. Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwenyama ekrwada, ukutyiwa kwenyama etshaywayo okanye iisoseji ezingakhange zicutshungulwe ngokweemeko ezifanelekileyo zempilo, okanye amanzi angcolileyo anokuqwalaselwa njengeendlela zokudlulisa i-parasite.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-toxoplasmosis kunokwenzeka kwakhona ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngokudlula kwesidleleli nge-placenta. Nangona kunjalo, ukosuleleka kuxhomekeke kwisimo sokukhuselwa komfazi okhulelweyo nakwinqanaba lokukhulelwa: xa umfazi ekwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa kwaye enesixokelelwano somzimba sokuzikhusela, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokudlulisela esi sifo emntwaneni, nangona kunjalo iziphumo ziqwalaselwe. milder. Bona ngakumbi malunga ne-toxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ubomi bexesha lobomi Toxoplasma gondii

Ebantwini T. gondii inamanqanaba amabini okuzivelela kwezinto, abizwa ngokuba zii-tachyzoites kunye ne-bradyzoites, eyifomu yendaleko efumaneka kwinyama eluhlaza yezilwanyana. Abantu banokulufumana usulelo ngokunxibelelana nee-cysts zeparasite ezikhoyo kwilindle leekati okanye ngokutya inyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga ene-bradyzoites.

Zombini ii-cysts kunye ne-bradyzoites zikhupha ii-sporozoites ezingena kwiiseli zamathumbu kwaye zenze inkqubo yomahluko kwii-tachyzoites. Ezi tachyzoites zivelisa kwaye ziphazamise iiseli, ezikwazi ukusasazeka emzimbeni kwaye zihlasele ezinye izicubu, zenze ii-cysts eziqulethe ii-tachyzoites ezininzi. Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, emva kokuphazamiseka kweeseli, ii-tachyzoites zinokuwela i-placenta kwaye zifikelele emntwaneni, zikhokelela kusulelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-toxoplasmosis ayibangeli zimpawu, nangona kunjalo xa ukhuseleko lomntu lusezantsi kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu ezifanayo nezinye izifo ezosulelayo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nedengue, umzekelo, inokuba zezona ziphambili:

• Ulwimi ngomzimba, ikakhulu kwingingqi yentamo;
• Ifiva;
• Iintlungu zezihlunu kunye namalungu;
• Ukudinwa;
• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomqala obuhlungu;
• Amabala abomvu emzimbeni;
• Kunzima ukubona.

Iimpawu zibonakala rhoqo kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengaleyo inechemotherapy yomhlaza, abasandula ukufakelwa abantu, baphatha intsholongwane kagawulayo, okanye kwabasetyhini abosulelwa sesi sifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-toxoplasmosis inokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamalungu anje ngemiphunga, intliziyo, isibindi kunye nengqondo, kwaye iimpawu zesimo esibi zihlala zidiniwe kakhulu, ukozela, ukukhohlisa kunye nokwehla kwamandla kunye nokuhamba komzimba. Yazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis.

Iindidi ze toxoplasmosis

O Toxoplasma gondii inokusasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi, ngakumbi xa umntu enesifo somzimba esibuthathaka okanye xa unyango lonyango lungakhange luqaliswe okanye lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Yiyo ke loo nto, i-parasite inokufikelela kwilungu elinye okanye ngaphezulu, oko kubangela iingxaki kunye neziphumo zosulelo, ezinje:

1. I-toxoplasmosis ye-Ocular

I-toxoplasmosis ye-Ocular yenzeka xa i-parasite ifikelela esweni kwaye ichaphazele i-retina, ibangele ukudumba okunokukhokelela ekungaboniyo ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha. Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela amehlo omabini, kwaye ukungaboni kakuhle kuyahluka kwiliso ngalinye, ngombono owehlileyo, ukuba bomvu kunye nentlungu kwiliso.

Le ngxaki ixhaphake kakhulu ukuba yenzeke ngenxa yosulelo xa ukhulelwe, nangona kunjalo inokwenzeka nakwabantu abanamajoni omzimba athomalalisiweyo, nangona ingafane yenzeke.

2. I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

I-Toxoplasmosis ekukhulelweni ibangela i-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa, kulapho umntwana wosulelwe sesi sifo esisesibelekweni sikanina. I-Toxoplasmosis ekukhulelweni ingakhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi, ezinjengokungalunganga komntwana, ubunzima bokuzalwa okuphantsi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ukukhupha isisu okanye ukufa komntwana ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Iziphumo zomntwana ziyahluka ngokobudala bokukhulelwa apho usulelo lwenzeke khona, ngomngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki xa usulelo lwenzeka kufutshane nasekupheleni kokukhulelwa, ngomngcipheko omkhulu wokudumba kwamehlo, isifo senyongo esiqatha, isibindi esandisiweyo, ianemia, utshintsho lwentliziyo, ukuxhuzula kunye notshintsho lokuphefumla. Ukongeza, kunokubakho utshintsho lwe-neurological, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ubuthulu, i-micro okanye i-macrocephaly, umzekelo.

3. I-Cerebrospinal okanye i-meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis

Olu hlobo lwe-toxoplasmosis luhlala luxhaphakile kubantu abafunyaniswe ukuba banoGawulayo kwaye luhlala luhambelana nokuvuselelwa kwee-cysts zikaGawulayo. T. gondii kubantu abanesifo esosulelayo, oko kukuthi, abaye bafunyanwa kwaye baphathwa, kodwa i-parasite ayikasuswa emzimbeni, ivumela ukuba ihambe iye kwinkqubo yovalo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwe-toxoplasmosis yintloko, umkhuhlane, ukuphulukana nokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukuxhuzula kunye nokudinwa okugqithisileyo. Ukuba ngaba usulelo aluchongwanga lunyangwe, oko kungakhokelela ekubeni isiqaqa nokufa kusweleke.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-toxoplasmosis lwenziwa kuphela xa umntu eneempawu zesi sifo, kuba amayeza abonakalisiweyo anokuba yityhefu xa esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ke, unyango luyacetyiswa kuphela kwiimeko ezinophawu kunye nakwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanesifo.

Unyango lwe-toxoplasmosis kufuneka luqalwe kwakamsinya nje ukuba esi sifo sichongwe, kwaye isifo senziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi oluchaza ubukho be-antibodies ye-IgG kunye ne-IgM emzimbeni, eveliswa ukulwa iprotozoan ebangela esi sifo.

Uthintelo toxoplasmosis

Ukuthintela i-toxoplasmosis, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, anje ngala:

• Sebenzisa amanzi okusela, ihluziwe okanye izimbiwa;
• Zipheke kakuhle iinyama ukuthintela ukutya inyama enqabileyo kwiivenkile zokutyela;
• Gwema ukudibana neekati ezingaziwayo kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle xa uchukumisa izilwanyana ongazaziyo;
• Nxiba isikhuseli xa ucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma kunye nokuqokelela ilindle lekati.

Abantu abanezilwanyana ezifuywayo kufuneka bazise kugqirha wezilwanyana ukuze kwenziwe iimvavanyo ukuze zichonge i-toxoplasmosis parasite kunye nokukhupha izilwanyana kwibhokhwe, kuthintelwe ukuhanjiswa kwe-toxoplasmosis kunye nezinye izifo.