ITramadol, iThebhulethi yomlomo

Umxholo

• Izilumkiso ezinzulu ze-FDA
• Amagqabantshintshi e-tramadol
• Yintoni i-tramadol?
• Kutheni isetyenziswa
• Ingaba isebenza kanjani
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeTramadol
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu
• I-Tramadol inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza
• Iziyobisi akufuneki uzisebenzise kunye ne-tramadol
• Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwamanye amachiza
• Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tramadol
• Uyithatha njani i-tramadol
• Iifom kunye namandla
• Umyinge weentlungu ezomeleleyo ukuya kubuhlungu
• Ukuqwalaselwa okhethekileyo
• Izilumkiso zeTramadol
• Izilumkiso ze-FDA
  
• Ezinye izilumkiso
• Isilumkiso sokuhlutha
• Isilumkiso somzimba
• Ukudibana kotywala
• Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo
• Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela
• Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe
• Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha i-tramadol
• Ngokubanzi
• Ukugcina
• Ukuzalisa kwakhona
• Ukuhamba
• Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango
• Iindleko ezifihliweyo
• I-inshurensi
• Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Izilumkiso ezinzulu ze-FDA

Eli chiza linezilumkiso zebhokisi evela kwi-FDA malunga neziphumo ezinobungozi:

• Iziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa
• Yehlisa okanye yeka ukuphefumla
• Ukungena ngengozi
• Iziphumo ezisongela ubomi kubantwana
• Isifo sokurhoxiswa kwe-opioid ye-neonatal
• Ukusebenzisana namachiza athile
• Unxibelelwano kunye ne-benzodiazepines

Iziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa: Eli chiza linokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa, okunokubangela ukugqithisa kunye nokufa. Ukukunceda ukunqanda ezi ngxaki, thabatha eli chiza kanye njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha wakho. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nesi silumkiso, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukuphefumla: Eli chiza linokucothisa okanye liyeke ukuphefumla kwakho. Ukuba oku akunyangwa kwangoko, kunokubangela ukufa. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala iziyobisi okanye ukonyusa idosi yakho.

Ukungena ngengozi: Ukuba nabani na, ngakumbi abantwana, uthatha ithamo leli chiza ngengozi nokuba kube kanye, kunokubangela ukufa. Eli chiza kufuneka ligcinwe kude nokufikelela ebantwaneni.

Iziphumo ezisongela ubomi kubantwana: Ngamanye amaxesha, imizimba yabantwana inokulisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza eli chiza. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphefumlweni okuphefumulayo nasekufeni. Eli chiza akufuneki lisetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Akufanelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala abanemingcipheko ethile, okanye abasandula ukufumana i-tonsillectomy okanye i-adenoidectomy.

Isifo sokurhoxiswa kwe-opioid ye-neonatal: Ukuba usebenzisa eli yeza ixesha elide ukhulelwe, kunokubangela ukurhoxa kusana lwakho. Ukurhoxa kusana lwakho kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Iimpawu zokurhoxa zinokubandakanya ukuba nochuku, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, iipateni zokulala ezingaqhelekanga, kunye nesikhalo esiphakamileyo. Banokubandakanya ukungcangcazela, ukugabha, urhudo, kunye nokusilela ukutyeba.

Ukusebenzisana namachiza athile: Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngamachiza athile kunokubangela iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziphumo zibandakanya ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-tramadol, ekunokuthi kukhokelele ekubanjweni kunye neserotonin syndrome. Babandakanya ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-tramadol, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa kwe-opioid. Amachiza anokubangela ezi ziphumo zibandakanya i-amiodarone, i-quinidine, i-erythromycin, i-ketoconazole, i-ritonavir, kunye namayeza afanayo.

Ukusebenzisana ne-benzodiazepines: Ukuthatha i-tramadol kunye ne-benzodiazepines kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezifanayo kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Ezi ziphumo zinokubandakanya ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuphefumla okucothayo, ikhoma kunye nokufa.

Amagqabantshintshi e-tramadol

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo iTramadol iyafumaneka njengesiqhelo kunye negama lophawu. Igama lebrand: Ultram.
2. Iitafile zomlomo zeTramadol zivela kuzo zombini iifom zokukhululwa kwangoko kunye nokukhululwa. I-Tramadol iza njengephilisi yomlomo.
3. I-Tramadol isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu eziphakathi.

Yintoni i-tramadol?

Ithebhulethi yomlomo iTramadol sisiyobisi esikhutshwa ngugqirha esifumaneka njengepilisi ekhutshwa kwangoko kunye nepilisi eyandisiweyo. I-Tramadol ikwakhona njenge-capsule yomlomo eyandisiweyo. Amachiza akhutshwa kwangoko akhutshelwa emzimbeni ngoko nangoko. Amachiza akhululweyo akhutshwa emzimbeni kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Zombini iipilisi ze-tramadol zomlomo ziyafumaneka njengeziyobisi eziqhelekileyo. Ithebhulethi yokukhululwa kwangoko ikwafumaneka njengesiyobisi esinegama lophawu Ultram. Amachiza enziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngumenzi ahlala exabisa ixabiso lawo kunexabiso lawo. Ngamanye amaxesha, azinakufumaneka kuwo onke amandla okanye iifom njengegama legama lophawu.

I-Tramadol yinto elawulwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokusetyenziswa kuphela ngogqirha osondeleyo.

Kutheni isetyenziswa

I-Tramadol isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu eziphakathi.

I-Tramadol inokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yonyango oludibeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufuna ukuyithatha kunye namanye amayeza.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

ITramadol ikudidi lweziyobisi ekuthiwa zi-opioid agonists. Iklasi leziyobisi liqela lamayeza asebenza ngendlela efanayo. La machiza ahlala esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezifanayo.

I-Tramadol isebenza ngokutshintsha indlela ubuchopho bakho obuva ngayo iintlungu. ITramadol iyafana nezinto ezisengqondweni yakho ebizwa ngokuba zii-endorphins. Ii-Endorphins zibophelela kwii-receptors (iinxalenye zeeseli ezifumana into ethile). Ii-receptors emva koko zinciphisa imiyalezo yeentlungu ezithunyelwa ngumzimba wakho kwingqondo yakho. I-Tramadol isebenza ngendlela efanayo ukunciphisa inani lentlungu ingqondo yakho icinga ukuba unayo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeTramadol

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol inokubangela ukozela. Akufanele uqhube, usebenzise oomatshini abanzima, okanye wenze nayiphi na imisebenzi eyingozi de ube uyazi indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo oku. I-Tramadol nayo inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-tramadol zingabandakanya:

• isiyezi
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukozela
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukuqhina
• ukunqongophala kwamandla
• ukubila
• umlomo owomileyo

Ukuba ezi ziphumo zincinci, zinokuhamba zingaphelanga iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba zinzima kakhulu okanye azihambi, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unemiphumo emibi. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba iimpawu zakho ziziva zisongela ubomi okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba unempilo kaxakeka. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu kunye neempawu zazo zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Isifo seSerotonin. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
  • igazi elonyukayo
  • ubushushu bomzimba obuphezulu kunesiqhelo
  • Iingcamango ezinamandla kuneqhelekileyo
  • ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso (ulawulo lweentshukumo zakho)
  • isicaphucaphu nokugabha
  • urhudo
  • ukuphazamiseka
  • ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingezizo)
  • ikhoma
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla ezinzima. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • izinga lokuphefumla
  • ukuphefumla okungekho nzulu (intshukumo encinci yesifuba ngokuphefumla)
  • isiqaqa, isiyezi, okanye ukudideka
• Ukuxhomekeka ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokurhoxa xa uyeka ichiza. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukuziva ucaphukile, unxunguphele okanye ungonwabanga
  • ingxaki yokulala
  • ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
  • isantya sokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
  • ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
  • abafundi abaxineneyo (abakhulu)
  • Amehlo aneenyembezi
  • impumlo enemifinya
  • ukuzamla
  • isicaphucaphu, ukugabha nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
  • urhudo kunye necramps zesisu
  • ukubila
  • Ukugodola
  • iintlungu zemisipha, iintlungu zomqolo, okanye iintlungu ezidibeneyo
• Ukungabikho kwe-adrenal. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukudinwa okungapheliyo
  • ubuthathaka bemisipha
  • iintlungu esiswini sakho
• Ukusilela kweAndrogen. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukudinwa
  • ingxaki yokulala
  • ukunciphisa amandla
• Ukuxhuzula
• Iziyobisi okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesiyobisi

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu lwazi lubandakanya zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uxoxa ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka kunye nomboneleli wezempilo oyaziyo imbali yakho yezonyango.

I-Tramadol inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza

Ithebhulethi yomlomo iTramadol inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, iivithamini, okanye imifuno onokuthi uyithathe. Unxibelelwano kuxa into isitshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo iyeza. Oku kunokuba yingozi okanye kuthintele ichiza ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

Ukukunceda ukunqanda ukusebenzisana, ugqirha wakho kufuneka alawule onke amayeza ngononophelo. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, okanye imifuno oyithathayo. Ukufumanisa ukuba eli chiza linokusebenzisana njani nenye into oyithathayo, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela ukusebenzisana ne-tramadol zidweliswe apha ngezantsi.

Iziyobisi akufuneki uzisebenzise kunye ne-tramadol

Musa ukuthatha la machiza nge-tramadol. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela iziphumo eziyingozi emzimbeni. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• ICarbamazepine. Ukuthatha la mayeza nge-tramadol kunokwenza ukuba i-tramadol ingasebenzi kakuhle ekunciphiseni iintlungu. Iyanciphisa inani le-tramadol emzimbeni wakho kwaye inyuse umngcipheko wokubanjwa.

Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwamanye amachiza

Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngamayeza athile kunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kula machiza. Kungenxa yokuba inani lala machiza emzimbeni wakho linokunyuswa. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• Amachiza oxinzelelo, njenge-sertraline, i-fluoxetine, i-paroxetine, i-citalopram, i-escitalopram, i-duloxetine, okanye i-venlafaxine
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokubeka iliso rhoqo kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yakho njengoko kufuneka.
• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), kubandakanya isocarboxazid, phenelzine, okanye selegiline
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokubeka iliso rhoqo kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yakho njengoko kufuneka.
• Umgca we-Linezolid
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha eli chiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokukujonga rhoqo. Banokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-tramadol njengoko kufuneka.
• ILithium
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha eli chiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokukujonga rhoqo. Ukuba uneempawu zeserotonin syndrome, ugqirha wakho unokukutshintshela kwichiza elahlukileyo elingadibaniyo ne-tramadol.
• Wort yaseSt
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha eli chiza nge-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokubeka iliso rhoqo kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yakho yeSt.
• Amachiza entloko, njenge-sumatriptan, i-rizatriptan, okanye i-zolmitriptan
  • Unokuba namanqanaba okwanda kwe-serotonin (ihomoni emzimbeni wakho). Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuziva uphazamisekile okanye ungazoli, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubushushu bomzimba, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukugabha.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokubeka iliso rhoqo kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yakho njengoko kufuneka.
• I-Hypnotics, efana ne-zolpidem
  • Usenokuba uye wacothisa ukuphefumla, wehla uxinzelelo lwegazi, wehla ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukudideka.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile na kuwe. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika idosi engezantsi ye-hypnotic yakho.
• I-Benzodiazepines, efana ne-alprazolam, i-clonazepam, i-diazepam, okanye i-lorazepam
  • Uya kuba semngciphekweni wokudideka, ucothise okanye uyeke ukuphefumla, unciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukwehla kwenqanaba lentliziyo, isiqaqa, okanye ukufa.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile na kuwe. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika idosi esezantsi yeyeza le-benzodiazepine.
• Iziyobisi ezichasene nengqondo, ezinje nge-chlorpromazine okanye i-thioridazine
  • Usenokuba uye wacothisa ukuphefumla, wehla uxinzelelo lwegazi, wehla ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukudideka.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile na kuwe. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika idosi esezantsi yeyeza lokuthomalalisa ingqondo.
• Amachiza okubulala iintlungu, anje nge-succinylcholine, pentothal, okanye propofol
  • Usenokuba uye wacothisa ukuphefumla, wehla uxinzelelo lwegazi, wehla ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukudideka.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile na kuwe. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika idosi esezantsi yeyeza lokubulala iintlungu.
• Iziyobisi zeOpioid zentlungu, ezinje ngehydrocodone, oxycodone, okanye morphine
  • Uya kuba semngciphekweni wokudideka, ucothise okanye uyeke ukuphefumla, unciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukwehla kwenqanaba lentliziyo, isiqaqa, okanye ukufa.
  • Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile na kuwe. Ugqirha wakho unokumisela idosi esezantsi ye-tramadol okanye elinye ichiza le-opioid.
• I-Digoxin
  • Ukuba uthatha eli chiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokujonga ubungakanani be-digoxin emzimbeni wakho.
• IWarfarin
  • Ukuba uthatha eli chiza kunye ne-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokujonga inani le-warfarin emzimbeni wakho kunye ne-INR yakho (umlinganiso oqhelekileyo kwilizwe jikelele) rhoqo. Banokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-warfarin njengoko kufuneka.

Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tramadol

Ukuba usebenzisa i-tramadol kunye neziyobisi ezithile, unokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu. Kungenxa yokuba isixa se-tramadol emzimbeni wakho sinokunyuswa. Ukuba uthatha elinye lala machiza nge-tramadol, ugqirha wakho unokukujonga rhoqo. Banokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-tramadol njengoko kufuneka. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, njenge-erythromycin
• Ukuxinezeleka, njenge-amitriptyline
• Amachiza okubola, njenge voriconazole okanye ketoconazole
• Iziyobisi zentliziyo, ezinje ngequinidine
• Iprotease inhibitors, ezinje nge-ritonavir, atazanavir, okanye darunavir

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zinxibelelana ngokwahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu lwazi lubandakanya lonke unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokunxibelelana okunokubakho nawo onke amayeza amiselweyo, iivithamini, amayeza kunye nezongezo, kunye namayeza owathethayo.

Uyithatha njani i-tramadol

Olu lwazi lolawulo lwecwecwe lomlomo le-tramadol. Zonke iidosi ezinokwenzeka kunye neefom zamachiza azinakufakwa apha. Umthamo wakho, ifom yeziyobisi, kunye nokuba ulithatha kangaphi iziyobisi kuya kuxhomekeka:

• iminyaka yakho
• imeko inyangwa
• imbi kangakanani imeko yakho
• ezinye iimeko zonyango onazo
• usabela njani kwidosi yokuqala

Iifom kunye namandla

Ngokwesiqhelo: I-Tramadol

• Ifom: ipilisi yomlomo ekhutshwa kwangoko

• Ukomelela: 50 mg
  • Ifom: ukukhutshwa kwethebhulethi yomlomo eyandisiweyo
  • Amandla: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg

Igama lebrand: Ultram

• Ifom: ipilisi yomlomo ekhutshwa kwangoko
• Ukomelela: 50 mg

Umyinge weentlungu ezomeleleyo ukuya kubuhlungu

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Ithebhulethi yokukhululwa kwangoko:

• Umyinge wemihla ngemihla: Iyonke idosi yemihla ngemihla inokunyuswa nge-50 mg njengoko inyamezelwe yonke imihla ye-3 ukufikelela kwi-200 mg / ngosuku (50 mg amaxesha ama-4 ngosuku).
• Umthamo wesondlo: 50-100 mg zonke iiyure ezi-4-6 njengoko kufuneka.
• Ubuninzi besilinganiso: 400 mg ngosuku.

Ithebhulethi yokukhululwa:

• Ukuba awuthathi iipilisi zokukhupha kwangoko i-tramadol:
  • Isiqalo sokuqala sokuqala: 100 mg kanye ngemini.
  • Ukunyuka kwesilinganiso: Ugqirha wakho unokunyusa kancinci umthamo wakho nge-100 mg rhoqo kwiintsuku ezi-5.
  • Ubuninzi besilinganiso: 300 mg ngosuku.
  • Ukuba ngoku uthatha iipilisi ze-tramadol ezikhutshwa kwangoko:
    • Isiqalo sokuqala sokuqala: Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela idosi yakho entsha ngokusekwe kumthamo wakho wangaphambili wokukhululwa kwangoko.
    • Ubuninzi besilinganiso: 300 mg ngosuku.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka)

Ithebhulethi yokukhululwa kwangoko:

• Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-17):
  • Umyinge wemihla ngemihla: Iyonke idosi yemihla ngemihla inokunyuswa nge-50 mg njengoko inyamezelwe yonke imihla ye-3 ukufikelela kwi-200 mg / ngosuku (50 mg amaxesha ama-4 ngosuku).
  • Umthamo wesondlo: 50-100 mg zonke iiyure ezi-4-6 njengoko kufuneka.
  • Ubuninzi besilinganiso: 400 mg ngosuku.
  • Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-16 iminyaka):
    • Ayaziwa ukuba ngaba le fomu ye-tramadol ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana beli qela leminyaka.

Ithebhulethi yokukhululwa:

• Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka):
  • Ayaziwa ukuba ngaba ezi ntlobo ze-tramadol zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza ebantwaneni. Akufanele zisetyenziswe kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

• Isibindi kunye nezintso zabantu abadala asinakusebenza njengoko bebefudula besenza. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, iziyobisi ezininzi zihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Ugqirha wakho unokukuqala ngedosi esezantsi okanye ishedyuli eyahlukileyo yedosi. Oku kunokunceda ukugcina amanqanaba eli chiza ekwakheni kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuba umdala kuneminyaka eyi-75, idosi yakho ephezulu yetable-release yi-300 mg ngosuku.

Ukuqwalaselwa okhethekileyo

Isifo sezintso:

• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso ezinzima, ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela nge-50-100 mg qho kwiiyure ezili-12. Elona dosi liphezulu yi-200 mg ngosuku.
• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso ezinzima, akufuneki usebenzise ezi ndlela ze-tramadol.

Isifo sesibindi:

• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki zesibindi ezinzima, ugqirha wakho uya kukumisela ama-50 mg rhoqo kwiiyure ezili-12.
• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki ezinzima zesibindi, akufuneki usebenzise ithebhulethi ekhulisiweyo.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu luhlu lubandakanya zonke iidosi ezinokubakho. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga needosi ezikulungeleyo.

Izilumkiso zeTramadol

Izilumkiso ze-FDA

• Eli chiza linezilumkiso ezininzi ezinamanqindi. Isilumkiso esibhokisi sisilumkiso esinzulu esivela kwiU.S. Yazisa oogqirha kunye nezigulana malunga neziphumo zeziyobisi ezinokuba yingozi.
• Umlutha kunye nesilumkiso sokusetyenziswa gwenxa: Eli chiza linokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa, okunokubangela ukugqithisa kunye nokufa. Ukukunceda ukunqanda ezi ngxaki, thabatha eli chiza kanye njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha wakho. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nesi silumkiso, thetha nogqirha wakho.
• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nesiCwangciso sokuNceda (REMS): Ngenxa yengozi yesiyobisi sokuphathwa gadalala, I-FDA ifuna ukuba umenzi weziyobisi abonelele ngenkqubo ye-REMS. Ngaphantsi kweemfuno zale nkqubo ye-REMS, umenzi weziyobisi kufuneka avelise iinkqubo zemfundo ngokubhekisele ekusetyenzisweni okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwe-opioids kugqirha wakho.
• Ukucothisa okanye ukuyeka ukuphefumla: Eli chiza linokucothisa okanye liyeke ukuphefumla kwakho. Ukuba oku akunyangwa kwangoko, kunokubangela ukufa. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala iziyobisi okanye ukonyusa idosi yakho.
• Isilumkiso sokungena ngengozi: Ukuba nabani na, ngakumbi abantwana, uthatha ithamo leli chiza ngengozi nokuba kube kanye, kunokubangela ukufa. Eli chiza kufuneka ligcinwe kude nokufikelela ebantwaneni.
• Iziphumo ezisongela ubomi kwisilumkiso sabantwana: Ngamanye amaxesha, imizimba yabantwana inokulisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza eli chiza. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphefumlweni okuphefumulayo nasekufeni. Eli chiza akufuneki lisetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Akufanelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala abanemingcipheko ethile, okanye abasandula ukufumana i-tonsillectomy okanye i-adenoidectomy.
• Isilumkiso se-Neonatal opioid yokurhoxisa isifo: Ukuba usebenzisa eli yeza ixesha elide ukhulelwe, kunokubangela ukurhoxa kusana lwakho. Ukurhoxa kusana lwakho kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Iimpawu zokurhoxa zinokubandakanya ukuba nochuku, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, iipateni zokulala ezingaqhelekanga, kunye nesikhalo esiphakamileyo. Banokubandakanya ukungcangcazela, ukugabha, urhudo, kunye nokusilela ukutyeba.
• Ukusebenzisana nesilumkiso esithile samachiza: Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngamachiza athile kunokubangela iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziphumo zibandakanya ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-tramadol, ekunokuthi kukhokelele ekubanjweni kunye neserotonin syndrome. Babandakanya ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-tramadol, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa kwe-opioid. Amachiza anokubangela ezi ziphumo zibandakanya i-amiodarone, i-quinidine, i-erythromycin, i-ketoconazole, i-ritonavir, kunye namayeza afanayo.
• Ukudibana nesilumkiso se-benzodiazepines: Ukuthatha i-tramadol kunye ne-benzodiazepines kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezifanayo kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Ezi ziphumo zinokubandakanya ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuphefumla okucothayo, ikhoma kunye nokufa.

Ezinye izilumkiso

Eli chiza liza nezinye izilumkiso.

Isilumkiso sokuhlutha

I-Tramadol inokubangela okanye ibangele ukuxhuzula. Umngcipheko wokubanjwa uphezulu ukuba uthatha amanye amayeza. La machiza aquka ezinye iziyobisi ze-opioid okanye amayeza athile oxinzelelo, ezinye iingxaki zemood, okanye isifo sengqondo. Ukuba uthatha i-tramadol eninzi, unokunyangwa ngamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-naloxone. Eli chiza liphakamisa umngcipheko wokubanjwa.

Isilumkiso somzimba

I-Tramadol inokubangela ukusabela kakubi. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukudumba kobuso bakho, imilebe, umqala, okanye ulwimi
• ukurhawuzelela kakhulu
• imihlathi (ukurhawuzelela ukurhawuzelela)
• ukudumba okanye ukuxobuka kolusu

Ukuba awunampendulo ayichasanga, biza ugqirha wakho okanye indawo yokulawula ityhefu kwangoko. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi elingxamisekileyo elikufutshane.

Sukuphinda ulithathe eli chiza ukuba ubukhe waba negazi okanye ezinye iopioid ngaphambili. Ukuyithatha kwakhona kunokuba yingozi (kubangele ukufa).

Ukudibana kotywala

Ukusetyenziswa kweziselo ezinesiselo esinxilisayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tramadol. Oku kubandakanya ukuphefumla okucothayo, ukwehla kwentliziyo, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye ukudideka. Akufuneki usele utywala ngelixa uthatha i-tramadol.

Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abaxhuzulayo: Ukuba unokubanjwa okanye imbali yokubanjwa, i-tramadol inokubangela okanye ibangele ukubanjwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile kuwe.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo: Ukuba uneengcinga malunga nokuzenzakalisa ngabom, okanye ukuzenzakalisa, musa ukuthatha i-tramadol.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zokulutha: Ukuba unengxaki yokulutha, njengotywala okanye iziyobisi, musa ukuthatha i-tramadol. Luphephe eli chiza ukuba unembali yokulutha.

Kubantu abonzakele entloko: I-Tramadol inokunyusa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko yakho. Oku kunokuba mandundu imeko yakho okanye kwenze kube nzima koogqirha ukufumanisa okanye ukufumana unobangela weengxaki kwingqondo yakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile kuwe.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zesisu: I-Tramadol inokwenza iingxaki zesisu zibe mbi ngakumbi. Inokwenza nokuba kube nzima koogqirha ukufumanisa okanye ukufumana unobangela weengxaki. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba i-tramadol ikhuselekile kuwe.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zezintso:

• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso okanye imbali yesifo sezintso, ngekhe ube nakho ukulicoca kakuhle eli chiza emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-tramadol emzimbeni wakho kwaye kubangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu.
• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso ezinzima, akufuneki usebenzise iifom zokukhupha ezandisiweyo ze-tramadol.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zesibindi:

• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko iTramadol: Ukuba unengxaki yesibindi okanye unembali yesifo sesibindi, umzimba wakho awungekhe ukwazi ukulenza kakuhle eli chiza. Oku kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-tramadol emzimbeni wakho kwaye kubangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu.
• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo iTramadol: Ukuba uneengxaki ezinzima zesibindi, akufuneki usebenzise iifom zokukhupha ezandisiweyo ze-tramadol.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla: I-Tramadol inokunciphisa ukuphefumla kwakho kwaye ibangele ukuphefumla okungaphantsi. Ukuphefumla nzulu kuthetha ukuba uthatha umoya omncinci, omfutshane. Ukuba sele unengxaki yokuphefumla, njenge-asthma, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba eli chiza likhuselekile na kuwe.

Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela

Abafazi abakhulelweyo: I-Tramadol ludidi C lokukhulelwa iziyobisi. Oko kuthetha izinto ezimbini:

1. Uphando kwizilwanyana lubonakalise iziphumo ezingalunganga kwimveku xa umama ethatha iyeza.
2. Khange kubekho zifundo zaneleyo zenziweyo ebantwini ukuze baqiniseke ukuba ichiza linokuchaphazela njani umntwana ongekazalwa.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa. Eli chiza kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba isibonelelo esinokubakho siqinisekisa ubungozi obunokubakho kwimveku engekazalwa. Biza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ukhulelwe ngelixa uthatha eli chiza.

Kubafazi abancancisayo: I-Tramadol inokudlula kubisi lwebele kwaye ibangele iziphumo ezibi emntwaneni oncanciswa. Ezi ziphumo zinokubandakanya ukuphefumla okucothayo kunye nokufa.

I-Tramadol ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngabasetyhini abancancisayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho xa uncelisa umntwana wakho. Kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba uyeke ukuncancisa okanye uyeke ukuthatha eli yeza.

Kubantu abadala: Izintso okanye isibindi sabantu abadala asinakusebenza njengokuba besenza ngaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, iziyobisi ezininzi zihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu basemngciphekweni omkhulu weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwiifom ezandisiweyo zokukhutshwa kweli chiza.

Kubantwana:

• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko iTramadol: Ayaziwa ukuba eli liyeza likhuselekile kwaye liyasebenza kubantwana. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 ubudala.
• Ithebhulethi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo iTramadol: Ayaziwa ukuba eli liyeza likhuselekile kwaye liyasebenza kubantwana. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala.

Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol isetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elifutshane okanye lexesha elide. Ubude bakho bonyango buxhomekeke kwindlela ebuhlungu ngayo intlungu yakho. Kuza nomngcipheko omkhulu ukuba awuyithathi njengoko kumiselwe.

Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha iyeza ngesiquphe okanye ungathathi kwaphela: Intlungu yakho ingaqhubeka. Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha iyeza ngesiquphe, unokuba neempawu zokurhoxa, ezinokubandakanya:

• ukuziva ucaphukile, unxunguphele okanye ungonwabanga
• ingxaki yokulala
• ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
• isantya sokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• abafundi abaxineneyo (abakhulu)
• Amehlo aneenyembezi
• impumlo enemifinya
• ukuzamla
• isicaphucaphu, ukugabha nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• urhudo kunye necramps zesisu
• ukubila
• Ukugodola
• iintlungu zemisipha, iintlungu zomqolo, okanye iintlungu ezidibeneyo

Ukuba uphosa idosi okanye awuthathi ichiza kwishedyuli: Amayeza akho anokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye angayeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze eli chiza lisebenze kakuhle, isixa esithile kufuneka sibe semzimbeni wakho ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ukuba uthatha kakhulu: Unokuba namanqanaba ayingozi amachiza emzimbeni wakho. Iimpawu libanda, eli chiza kungabandakanya:

• ukuphefumla okucothayo okanye okungekho nzulu
• unengxaki yokuthetha
• ukudideka
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• ulusu olubandayo kunye nolusu
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• abafundi abancinci (abancinci kakhulu)
• ukuxhuzula
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokuthe chu
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• iingxaki zentliziyo eziyingozi ezinje ngesingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga okanye ukubanjwa kwentliziyo (xa intliziyo ngesiquphe iyeka ukubetha)
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uthathe kakhulu eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho okanye ufune isikhokelo kuMbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu e800-222-1222 okanye ngesixhobo sabo se-Intanethi. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni omele uyenze xa uphosa idosi: Thatha idosi yakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukhumbule. Ukuba ukhumbula iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwethamo lakho elilandelayo, thabatha idosi enye kuphela. Ungaze uzame ukubamba ngokuthatha iidosi ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi.

Ungaxela njani ukuba ichiza liyasebenza: Kuya kufuneka uve iintlungu ezingaphantsi.

Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha i-tramadol

Gcina ezi zinto ziqwalaselwe engqondweni ukuba ugqirha wakho ukumisele ipilisi ye-tramadol yomlomo kuwe.

Ngokubanzi

• Ungathatha i-tramadol kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutya
• Ukusika okanye ukutyumza eli chiza
• Musa ukusika okanye ukutyumza ithebhulethi ekhulisiweyo. Kuya kufuneka uyiginye iphelele.
• Unokusika okanye utyumle ithebhulethi yokukhupha kwangoko.
• Ayizizo zonke iikhemesti ezigcina zonke iifom okanye iimveliso zeli chiza. Xa ugcwalisa amayeza akho, qiniseka ukuba utsalele umnxeba phambili ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba ikhemesti yakho ihamba nefom ekumisele ugqirha wakho.

Ukugcina

• Gcina eli chiza kubushushu begumbi phakathi kwe-59 ° F kunye ne-86 ° F (15 ° C kunye ne-30 ° C).
• Gcina la mayeza kwisitya esivaliweyo.
• Gcina eli chiza kude nokukhanya.
• Sukugcina eli yeza kwiindawo ezifumileyo okanye ezimanzi, ezinjengezindlu zangasese.

Ukuzalisa kwakhona

Imigqaliselo yolu nyango iyahlaziywa. Ugqirha wakho uza kubhala inani lezinto ezigcwalisiweyo kugunyaziswe ngugqirha wakho. Kukho umda kwinani lokuzaliswa kwakhona onokulufumana kulo myalelo. Wena okanye ikhemesti yakho kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho amayeza amatsha xa ufuna eliyeza lizaliswe.

Ukuhamba

Xa uhamba namayeza akho:

• Soloko uphatha amayeza akho kunye nawe. Xa ubhabha, ungaze uyibeke kwingxowa ekhangelwe. Yigcine kwibhegi yakho yokuqhubela phambili.
• Musa ukuzikhathaza ngoomatshini beX-ray kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Abakwazi ukulimaza amayeza akho.
• Kusenokufuneka ubonise abasebenzi besikhululo seenqwelomoya ilebhile yekhemesti yakho. Soloko uphatha ibhokisi yelebheli ebhalwe kwangaphambili.
• Musa ukubeka eli yeza kwigumbi leglavu lemoto yakho okanye ulishiye emotweni. Qiniseka ukuthintela ukwenza oku xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu okanye ibanda kakhulu.

Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango

Ugqirha wakho kufuneka abeke iliso kwimicimbi ethile yempilo. Oku kunokukunceda uqiniseke ukuba uhlala ukhuselekile ngelixa uthatha eli chiza. Le micimbi ibandakanya:

• Izinga lokuphefumla. Ugqirha wakho unokukujonga ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela ophefumla ngayo. Banokujonga ngononophelo xa uqala ukuthatha i-tramadol nasemva kwako nakuphi na ukonyuka komthamo.
• Umsebenzi wezintso. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge ukusebenza kwezintso zakho. Ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha wakho unokuhlisa idosi yakho okanye anike amayeza eentlungu ezahlukeneyo.
• Umsebenzi wesibindi. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho. Ukuba isibindi sakho asisebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha wakho unokuhlisa idosi yakho okanye anike amayeza eentlungu ezahlukeneyo.
• Umngcipheko wokusebenzisa gwenxa okanye umlutha. Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha wakho akumisele i-tramadol, baya kuvavanya umngcipheko wokusebenzisa gwenxa okanye ukuba likhoboka lamayeza e-opioid. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba lo mngcipheko kuwe, banokumisela amayeza eentlungu ezahlukeneyo.

Iindleko ezifihliweyo

Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube novavanyo lwegazi ngexesha lonyango lwakho nge-tramadol. Iindleko zolu vavanyo ziya kuxhomekeka kwi-inshurensi yakho.

I-inshurensi

Iinkampani ezininzi zeinshurensi zifuna ugunyaziso lwangaphambili lweefom ezithile okanye iimveliso zeli chiza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukufumana imvume kwinkampani yakho yeinshurensi ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yeinshurensi ihlawule amayeza.

Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Kukho ezinye iziyobisi ezikhoyo ukunyanga imeko yakho. Abanye banokukulungela ngcono kunabanye. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinye iindlela zamachiza ezinokusebenzela wena.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba lonke ulwazi luchanekile, lubanzi kwaye luhlaziyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku akufuneki lisetyenziswe endaweni yolwazi kunye nobuchule bengcali yezempilo enelayisensi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye nolunye uqeqesho kwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nawaphi na amayeza. Ulwazi lweziyobisi oluqulethwe apha luyakwazi ukutshintsha kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni konke okunokwenzeka, imikhombandlela, izilumkiso, izilumkiso, ukuhlangana kweziyobisi, ukungahambelani komzimba, okanye iziphumo ezibi. Ukungabikho kwezilumkiso okanye olunye ulwazi ngesiyobisi esinikiweyo akubonisi ukuba indibaniselwano yeziyobisi ikhuselekile, iyasebenza, okanye ifanelekile kuzo zonke izigulana okanye konke ukusetyenziswa okuthile.