Yintoni ingozi yokuSasazeka kweHIV? Ii-FAQ zeMixed-Status Couples

Umxholo

• Isasazeka njani i-HIV?
• Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo?
• Loluphi unyango njengothintelo (TasP)?
• Isifundo se-HPTN 052
• Ayibonakali = ayinakudluliselwa
• Abantu bangayisebenzisa njani i-PrEP ukuthintela i-HIV?
• Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
• Abagqatswa abagqwesileyo kwi-PrEP
• Ukufumana i-PrEP
• Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokuthintela usasazo lwe-HIV?
• Iikhondom
• Unyango lwe-antiretroviral oludityaniswe ne-PrEP
• Ngaba isibini esinezinto ezingafaniyo sinokuba nabantwana?
• Ngaba isibini esikwimeko exubeneyo sinokuzama ukukhulelwa kwendalo?
• Ngaba inokudluliselwa i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-HIV namhlanje?

Ushwankathelo

Ubudlelwane bezesondo phakathi kwabantu abanezimo ezahlukeneyo ze-HIV babekhe bathathelwa ingqalelo ngokubanzi njengemida. Ngoku kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwizibini ezikwimeko exubeneyo.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV, kubalulekile kuwo omabini amaqabane kwizibini ezikwimeko exubeneyo ukuba athathe amanyathelo othintelo.

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), kunye neekhondom zinokunceda omabini amaqabane ukuba alawule kwaye agcine impilo yawo. Ukubonisana neengcali kunokubanceda ukuba baqonde ukhetho lwabo lokuba nabantwana.

Isasazeka njani i-HIV?

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ayinakusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye ngokuncamisana okanye ngokulula ukudibanisa ulusu nolusu, njengokuwolana okanye ukubambana ngezandla. Endaweni yoko, intsholongwane idluliselwa kulwelo oluthile lomzimba. Oku kubandakanya igazi, amadlozi, kunye nelungu lobufazi kunye nelamathambo - kodwa hayi amathe.

Ngokutsho kwe, ukuba neentlobano zesini ezimpundwini ngaphandle kwekhondom kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukuba umntu afumane i-HIV kunayo nayiphi na enye indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Abantu banamathuba ali-13 okuba bafumane i-HIV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini ukuba ngaba "liqabane eliphantsi," okanye lowo ungenileyo.

Kuyenzeka ukuba abantu basulelwe yi-HIV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi. Umngcipheko wokudluliselwa ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo usezantsi.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo?

Xa abantu benamanqanaba aphezulu eNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​egazini labo, kulula kubo ukuba bagqithisele i-HIV kumaqabane abo abelana nawo. Amayeza ee-antiretroviral angasetyenziselwa ukunqanda i-HIV ekuziphindaphindeni, okanye ekwenzeni iikopi zayo egazini.

Ngala mayeza, abantu abane-HIV banakho ukufikelela kunye nokugcina umthamo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo. Umthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo wenzeka xa umntu one-HIV enentsholongwane encinci egazini lakhe engafumanekiyo kuvavanyo.

Abantu abanomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo “abakho mngciphekweni” wokudlulisela i-HIV kumaqabane abo, ngokutsho kwe.

Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom, kunye namayeza othintelo kwiqabane ngaphandle kwe-HIV, nawo unokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Loluphi unyango njengothintelo (TasP)?

“Unyango njengothintelo” (TasP) ligama elichaza ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral ukunqanda ukosulelwa yi-HIV.

UGawulayoulwazi, inkonzo yeSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, icebisa ukuba bonke abantu abane-HIV bafumane unyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Kubalulekile ukuqala unyango lwe-antiretroviral ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxilongwa. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokwehlisa umngcipheko womntu wokosulela i-HIV kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuphuhliswa kwenqanaba 3 le-HIV, eyaziwa njenge-AIDS.

Isifundo se-HPTN 052

Ngo-2011, iNew England Journal of Medicine yapapasha uphononongo lwamazwe aphesheya olwaziwa njenge-HPTN 052. Lafumanisa ukuba unyango lwe-antiretroviral lwenza okungaphezulu kokuyekisa ukuziphindaphinda kwintsholongwane kubantu abane-HIV. Ikwehlisa nomngcipheko wokuhambisa intsholongwane kwabanye.

Olu phononongo lujonge ngaphezulu kwe-1,700 yabantu abatshatileyo, ubukhulu becala besini esahlukileyo. Phantse bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, kwaye bonke bafumana iingcebiso.

Abanye babathathi-nxaxheba abane-HIV baqale unyango lwe-antiretroviral kwangoko, xa benamanani aphezulu eeseli ze-CD4. Iseli ye-CD4 luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba abane-HIV baye balibaziseka kunyango lwabo de izibalo zabo ze-CD4 zehla zaya kumaqondo asezantsi.

Kwizibini ezitshatileyo apho iqabane eline-HIV lifumene unyango kwangoko, umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV lwehliswa ngama-96 eepesenti.

Ayibonakali = ayinakudluliselwa

Olunye uphando luqinisekisile ukuba ukugcina umthamo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni usulelo.

Ngo-2017, kwaxelwa ukuba “akukho bungozi” bokudlulisela xa unyango lwe-antiretroviral lucinezela amanqanaba e-HIV kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo. Amanqanaba angabonakaliyo achazwa njengangaphantsi kwama-200 eekopi ngeemililitha (iikopi / ml) yegazi.

Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zisebenza njengesiseko sePhulo lokuFikelela kuThintelo elingafumanekiyo = Iphulo elingenakuthunyelwa. Eli phulo likwabizwa ngokuba yi-U = U.

Abantu bangayisebenzisa njani i-PrEP ukuthintela i-HIV?

Abantu abangenayo i-HIV banokuzikhusela ekufumaneni intsholongwane ngokusebenzisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). I-PrEP okwangoku ifumaneka kwifom yeepilisi phantsi kwegama lophawu iTruvada kunye neDescovy.

ITruvada iqulethe amachiza amabini okuthomalalisa intsholongwane kaGawulayo: i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate kunye ne-emtricitabine. Descovy iqulethe amachiza okuthomalalisa intsholongwane kaGawulayo i-tenofovir alafenamide kunye ne-emtricitabine.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

I-PrEP isebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswa yonke imihla nangokufanayo.

Ngokwe-CDC, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba yonke imihla i-PrEP inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko womntu wokosulelwa yi-HIV ngokwesondo ngokuthi. I-PrEP yemihla ngemihla inciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-74 eepesenti kubantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezitofwayo.

Ukuba i-PrEP ayithathwa yonke imihla kwaye ayisebenzi, ayisebenzi kangako. , ezinje ngesifundo se-PROUD, iqinise unxibelelwano phakathi kokubambelela kwi-PrEP kunye nokusebenza kwayo.

Abagqatswa abagqwesileyo kwi-PrEP

Nawuphi na umntu oceba ukulala ngesondo neqabane eline-HIV unokufuna ukuqaphela ukubuza umboneleli wezempilo malunga ne-PrEP. I-PrEP inokunceda abantu ababelana ngesondo ngaphandle kweekhondom kwaye:

• abayazi imeko ye-HIV yamaqabane abo
• babe namaqabane omngcipheko owaziwayo we-HIV

Ukufumana i-PrEP

Uninzi lwezicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo zigubungela i-PrEP ngoku, kwaye nangakumbi ziya kwenziwa emva kwe-PrEP ekhuthazwayo kubo bonke abantu abanemingcipheko eyaziwayo ye-HIV. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho weinshurensi yezempilo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Abanye abantu banokulungela inkqubo yonyango eqhutywa yiGiliyadi, umenzi weTruvada kunye neDescovy.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokuthintela usasazo lwe-HIV?

Phambi kokuba ubelane ngesondo ngaphandle kweekhondom, kungcono uhlolwe i-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs. Cinga ngokubuza amaqabane ukuba avavanyiwe kutshanje.

Ukuba ngaba elinye ilungu lesibini liye lavavanyelwa i-HIV okanye enye i-STI, ukufumana unyango kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukosulela. Banokucela ababoneleli ngezempilo ukuba bafumane iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Iikhondom

Iikhondom zinokunceda ukunqanda ukosuleleka yi-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STI ezininzi. Zisebenza kakhulu xa zisetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha umntu esabelana ngesondo. Kukwabalulekile ukuzisebenzisa ngokwemiyalelo yephakheji kwaye ulahle iikhondomu eziphelelwe lixesha, ezisetyenzisiweyo, okanye ezikrazukileyo.

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral oludityaniswe ne-PrEP

Ukuba umntu ukwimeko yokuhlangana ngokwamaqabane, imeko yakhe iya kubakhuthaza kunye neqabane labo ukuba badibanise iikhondom nonyango lwe-antiretroviral. Olu dibana lunceda ukwehlisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Ukuba iqabane eline-HIV linomthamo wentsholongwane, iqabane elingenayo i-HIV lingasebenzisa i-PrEP ukuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HIV.

Cinga ngokubuza umboneleli wezempilo ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-PrEP kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthintela.

Ngaba isibini esinezinto ezingafaniyo sinokuba nabantwana?

Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi zonyango, zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo kwizibini ezixubeneyo ezifuna ukuba nabantwana.

UGawulayoulwazi ikhuthaza abantu abatshatileyo ukuba bafune ukubonisana neengcali ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa. Umboneleli wezempilo angabazisa malunga nokukhetha kwabo ukukhulelwa okusempilweni kunye nokuhanjiswa.

Ukuba ilungu le-cisgender labasetyhini elinobudlelwane obuxubeneyo linentsholongwane kagawulayo, uGawulayoulwazi icebisa ukusebenzisa ukuncedisa ekusasazeni ukuzama ukukhulelwa. Le ndlela ibandakanya umngcipheko ophantsi wosulelo lwe-HIV xa kuthelekiswa nokwabelana ngesondo okuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweekhondom.

Ukuba ilungu lesilisa le-cisgender lobudlelwane obuxubeneyo bane-HIV, i-AIDSulwazi icebisa ukusebenzisa isidoda kumnikeli ongenayo i-HIV ukukhulelwa. Ukuba oku akuyiyo inketho, amadoda anokufumana "isidoda" sabo kwilabhoratri ukususa i-HIV.

Nangona kunjalo, uGawulayoulwazi Qaphela ukuba le nkqubo khange ibonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kuyabiza, ngokubanzi kubiza amakhulu amawaka eedola.

Ngaba isibini esikwimeko exubeneyo sinokuzama ukukhulelwa kwendalo?

Kuba ibandakanya isondo ngaphandle kweekhondom, ukukhulelwa kwendalo kungabeka abantu abangenayo i-HIV emngciphekweni wokuyifumana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo isibini esinokuthatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa kwendalo, uGawulayoulwazi icebisa ukuba iqabane eline-HIV lizame ukucinezela ubungakanani bentsholongwane kangangoko.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, banakho ukusebenzisa unyango lwe-antiretroviral ukufezekisa kunye nokugcina umthamo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo. Ukuba abanako ukwenza njalo, iqabane labo linokuzama i-PrEP.

UGawulayoulwazi ikwacebisa izibini ezixubeneyo ukuba zinciphise isondo ngaphandle kweekhondom ukuya kwixesha lokuzala. Ukuchuma kwencopho kunokubakho kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kunye nangomhla we-ovulation. Ukusebenzisa iikhondom de kuphele inyanga kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Ngaba inokudluliselwa i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Kuyenzeka ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-HIV bayidlulise ngegazi kunye nobisi lwebele. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV ngexa lokukhulelwa, i-AIDSulwazi ikhuthaza abo bafuna ukuba ngoomama ukuba:

• bafumana unyango lwe-antiretroviral ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokumitha, ukukhulelwa kunye nokuzala
• imvume yokuba umntwana wabo anyangwe ngamayeza ee-antiretroviral kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuzalwa
• kuthintele ukuncancisa kwaye usebenzise ubisi olungumgubo wosana endaweni yoko
• bathethe nabanikezeli babo bezempilo malunga nezibonelelo ezinokubakho zokuhanjiswa kwe-cesarean, ekucetyiswa ikakhulu kwabasetyhini abanamanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu okanye angaziwayo nge-HIV

UGawulayoulwazi Uyaphawula ukuba, ukuba owasetyhini kunye nosana lwakhe bathabatha amayeza abo e-HIV njengoko kumiselwe, kungathoba umngcipheko wosana lokufumana i-HIV kunina iye kwiipesenti ezi-1 okanye ngaphantsi.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-HIV namhlanje?

Unyango olwenziweyo lwenze ukuba kube lula kubantu abaninzi ukuba baphile ubomi obude nobunempilo ne-HIV. Inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwezonyango ikwenziwe kwicandelo lokuthintela i-HIV, eliwonyusileyo amathuba kwizibini ezitshatileyo.

Ngapha koko, ndiphuhlise izixhobo zokunceda ukujongana neengcinga eziphosakeleyo kunye nokucalucalucalulo malunga nabantu abaphila ne-HIV. Ngelixa umsebenzi omninzi kufuneka wenziwe, uphononongo olupapashwe kwiJenali ye-International AIDS Society lubonisa ukuba inkqubela phambili iyenziwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba ulale nomntu onesifo esahlukileyo se-HIV, cinga ngokwenza idinga nomboneleli wezempilo. Banganceda ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sokuthintela ukosuleleka yi-HIV.

Uninzi lwezibini ezitshatileyo ezinolwalamano olwanelisayo ngokwesini kwaye zikwakhulelwa abantwana ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuba iqabane elingenayo i-HIV liza kuyifumana intsholongwane.