Umbhali: Randy Alexander
Umhla Wokudalwa: 3 Utshazimpuzi 2021
Hlaziya Umhla: 24 Eyomsintsi 2024
Anonim
Truvada (emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) - Enye
Truvada (emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) - Enye

Umxholo

Yintoni iTruvada?

I-Truvada ligama lonyango elinegama lebrendi elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV. Olu setyenziso, apho unyango lunikezelwa phambi kokuba umntu abe sesichengeni se-HIV, kuthiwa yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

I-Truvada inamachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Omabini la machiza ahlelwa njenge-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). La ngamachiza antiviral, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo kwiintsholongwane. La machiza akhethekileyo alwa i-HIV (intsholongwane yomzimba).

ITruvada iza njengecwecwe olithathayo ngomlomo kube kanye yonke imihla.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ngolwazi malunga nokusebenza kweTruvada, jonga icandelo elithi "Ukusetyenziswa kweTruvada" apha ngezantsi.

Truvada generic

I-Truvada ifumaneka kuphela njengeyeza elinegama lophawu. Okwangoku ayifumaneki ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

ITruvada inezithako ezibini ezisebenzayo zeziyobisi: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.


Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeTruvada

ITruvada inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali okanye ezinobuzaza. Olu luhlu lulandelayo luqulathe ezinye zeziphumo eziphambili ezinokubakho ngelixa uthatha iTruvada. Olu luhlu alubandakanyi zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zeTruvada, okanye iingcebiso ngendlela yokujongana nefuthe elibi, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iTruvada zibandakanya:

  • ukudinwa
  • isicaphucaphu
  • ukugabha
  • urhudo
  • isiyezi
  • izifo zokuphefumla
  • usulelo lwesono
  • irhashalala
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • ukulala (kunzima ukulala)
  • iintlungu zethambo
  • umqala obuhkungu
  • cholesterol ephezulu

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuhamba zingaphelanga iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba zinzima kakhulu okanye azihambi, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

  • Iingxaki zesibindi. Iimpawu zeengxaki zesibindi zingabandakanya:
    • iintlungu okanye ukudumba esiswini sakho (isisu)
    • isicaphucaphu
    • ukugabha
    • ukudinwa
    • ubumthubi besikhumba sakho kunye namhlophe wamehlo akho
  • Uxinzelelo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
    • uziva ulusizi okanye uphantsi
    • kunciphise umdla kwimisebenzi obukade uyonwabela
    • ukulala kakhulu okanye ukulala kancinci
    • ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla
  • Ukuphulukana nethambo
  • Iingxaki zezintso
  • Isifo sokubuyiselwa komzimba
  • Lactic acidosis *
  • Ukunyuka kwesifo se-hepatitis B

Iinkcukacha zesiphumo

Unokuzibuza ukuba zenzeka kangaphi ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngeli chiza. Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubangelwa leli chiza.


Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide

Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweTruvada kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwethambo kunye neengxaki zezintso.

Xa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV, iTruvada isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza antiviral. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi ezinye iziyobisi ezithathwa kunye neTruvada, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide zinokwenzeka.

Ukuphulukana nethambo

I-Truvada inokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo kubantu abadala, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula kwethambo ebantwaneni. Nangona iimpawu zokuqala zokuphulukana nethambo zinqabile, ezinye iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

  • Iintsini eziyekelelayo
  • amandla okubamba buthathaka
  • ubuthathaka, iinzipho ezikrwada

Ukuba uthatha iTruvada, ugqirha wakho angenza iimvavanyo ukujonga ukuba ulahlekile na amathambo. Banokucebisa ukuba uthathe i-vitamin D kunye ne-calcium supplements ukukunceda ukukhusela ukulahleka kwethambo.

Ukufumanisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwethambo kwenzeka kangaphi kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada.

Iingxaki zezintso

Abanye abantu, iTruvada inokubangela okanye yenze mandundu iingxaki zezintso. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko ubonakala uphantsi. Ukufumanisa ukuba le mpembelelo yecala yenzeke kangaphi kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada.


Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ukusebenza kwakho kwezintso ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango lwakho kunye neTruvada. Ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha idosi yakho yeTruvada. Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso ezinzima, ngekhe ukwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.

Iimpawu zeengxaki zezintso zingabandakanya:

  • iintlungu zethambo okanye izihlunu
  • ubuthathaka
  • ukudinwa
  • isicaphucaphu
  • ukugabha
  • kunciphise ukuphuma komchamo

Ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyenzeka okanye ziba nzima, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uyeke ukuthatha iTruvada kwaye utshintshele kolunye unyango.

Isifo sokuqalwa komzimba

Unyango lwe-HIV kunye neTruvada okanye amayeza afanayo anokubangela ukuphucuka okukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokusebenza kwamajoni akho omzimba (alwa nezifo).

Kwezinye iimeko, oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uphendule kwizifo oye wazifumana ngaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kubonakale ngathi unosulelo olutsha, kodwa ngokwenene yimizimba yakho yomzimba eyomeleleyo ephendula kusulelo oludala.

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-immune reconstitution syndrome. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS), kuba umzimba wakho uhlala usabela kusulelo ngamanqanaba aphezulu okuvuvukala.

Imizekelo yosulelo enokuthi "iphinde ivele" ngale meko ibandakanya isifo sephepha, inyumoniya kunye nosulelo lokungunda. Ukuba ezi zifo ziphinda zenzeke, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi anike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye okubulala iintlungu.

Ukufumanisa ukuba esi sifo se-immune reconstitution senzeka kangaphi kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nesi siphumo sinokubakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti

Lactic acidosis

Kukho iingxelo ze-lactic acidosis kubantu abathatha iTruvada. I-Lactic acidosis yinto eyakha i-asidi emzimbeni enokusongela ubomi. Ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu ze-lactic acidosis, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uyeke unyango lwakho ngeTruvada.

Iimpawu ze-lactic acidosis zinokubandakanya:

  • izihlunu zemithambo
  • ukudideka
  • umphefumlo onuka iziqhamo
  • ubuthathaka
  • ukudinwa
  • ingxaki yokuphefumla

Ukufumanisa ukuba i-lactic acidosis yenzeka kangaphi kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nesi siphumo sinokubakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Ukunyuka kwesifo se-hepatitis B

Ukubandezeleka kosulelo lwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B kunokwenzeka kubantu abane-hepatitis B abaye bayeke ukuthatha iTruvada. Ukuba une-hepatitis B kwaye uyeke ukuthatha iTruvada, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi amaxesha ngamaxesha ukujonga isibindi sakho kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokuyeka iyeza.

Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-hepatitis B zinokubandakanya:

  • iintlungu okanye ukudumba esiswini sakho
  • isicaphucaphu
  • ukugabha
  • ukudinwa
  • ubumthubi besikhumba sakho kunye namhlophe wamehlo akho

Ukufumanisa ukuba kukwanda kangakanani ukusuleleka kosulelo lwe-hepatitis B kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nesi siphumo sinokubakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Ukudumba kolusu

I-Rash sisiphumo esibi secala laseTruvada. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuhamba nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

Ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka kangaphi irhashalala kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nesi siphumo sinokubakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Ukuthoba umzimba okanye ukuzuza

Ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka kubantu abathatha iTruvada. Ukufumanisa ukuba kunciphisa kangaphi ubunzima kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada.

Ukutyeba khange kuxelwe kwizifundo zaseTruvada.

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nenye yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, thetha nogqirha okanye usokhemesti.

Umthamo weTruvada

Olu lwazi lulandelayo luchaza iidosi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo okanye ezicetyiswayo. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthatha idosi ekumisela ugqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela eyona idosi ilungele iimfuno zakho.

Iifom zamachiza kunye namandla

I-Truvada iza njengecwecwe lomlomo eliqulethe amachiza amabini kwipilisi nganye: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Iza ngamandla amane:

  • 100 mg emtricitabine / 150 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 133 mg emtricitabine / 200 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 167 mg emtricitabine / 250 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Idosi yonyango lwe-HIV

Umthamo weTruvada uxhomekeke kubunzima bomntu. Ezi ziidosi eziqhelekileyo:

  • Kubantu abadala okanye abantwana abanobunzima be-35 kg (77 lbs) okanye nangaphezuluIthebhulethi enye, 200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ithathwa kanye yonke imihla.
  • Kubantwana abanobunzima obungama-28 ukuya kuma-34 kg (62 ukuya kuma-75 lb)Ithebhulethi enye, 167 mg emtricitabine / 250 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ithathwa kanye yonke imihla.
  • Kubantwana abanobunzima obungama-22 ukuya kuma-27 kg (48 ukuya kuma-59 lb)Ithebhulethi enye, i-133 mg emtricitabine / 200 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ithathwa kanye yonke imihla.
  • Kubantwana abanobunzima be-17 ukuya kwi-21 kg (37 ukuya kwi-46 lb)Ithebhulethi enye, 100 mg emtricitabine / 150 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ithathwa kanye yonke imihla.

Kubantu abanesifo sezintsoUgqirha wakho unokutshintsha ukuba uthatha kangaphi iTruvada.

  • Kwisifo sezintso esincinci, akukho lutshintsho lwedosi luyafuneka.
  • Kwisifo sezintso esiphakathi, ungathatha iTruvada yonke imihla.
  • Kwisifo esibi sezintso, kubandakanya ukuba ukwi-dialysis, usenokungakwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.

Umthamo wothintelo lwe-HIV (PrEP)

Kubantu abadala okanye abakwishumi elivisayo abanobunzima be-35 kg (i-77 lbs) okanye ngaphezulu, ithebhulethi enye ye-200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ithathwa kanye yonke imihla. (Umvelisi akaboneleli ngedosi kubantu abanobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-35 kg [77 lbs]).

Ukuba unesifo sezintso, ngekhe ube nakho ukuthatha iTruvada ye-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Kuthekani ukuba ndiphose idosi? Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe idosi ephindwe kabini?

Ukuba uphosa idosi, yithabathe kwangoko xa ukhumbula. Kodwa ukuba phantse lixesha ledosi yakho elandelayo, thatha nje idosi enye. Sukuyiphinda kabini idosi ukubamba. Ukuthatha iidosi ezimbini ngaxeshanye kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi.

Ukuba ucinga ngempazamo uthathe iidosi ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu ngosuku olunye, tsalela ugqirha wakho. Banokucebisa unyango ngayo nayiphi na impawu onokuba unayo, okanye unyango lokuthintela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuqala iTruvada

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale iTruvada, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi oluthile. Olu vavanyo luya kujonga:

  • usulelo lwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B
  • iingxaki zezintso kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi
  • ubukho bosulelo lwe-HIV (kwi-PrEP kuphela)
  • Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nokubalwa kweeseli zegazi (kunyango lwe-HIV kuphela)

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olu vavanyo lwegazi kunye nabanye ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha iTruvada, kwaye amaxesha ngamaxesha ngexesha lonyango lwakho kunye nonyango.

Ukusetyenziswa kweTruvada

Ulawulo lokutya kunye neziyobisi (i-FDA) livuma amayeza amiselweyo anje ngeTruvada ukunyanga iimeko ezithile.

I-Truvada yamkelwe yi-FDA kunyango losulelo lwe-HIV, kunye nokuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV. Olu setyenziso lwesibini, apho unyango lunikezelwa phambi kokuba umntu abe sesichengeni sentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kuthiwa yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

ITruvada ye-HIV

I-Truvada yamkelwe ukuze inyange usulelo lwe-HIV kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane ewenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba. Ngaphandle konyango, usulelo lwe-HIV lunokukhula lube nguGawulayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iTruvada inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abaye bazama unyango olwahlukileyo lwe-HIV olungabasebenzelanga.

I-Truvada ithathwa njengeyeza "lomqolo". Oko kuthetha ukuba sesinye seziyobisi esisekwe kwisicwangciso sonyango lwe-HIV. Amanye amayeza athathwa ngokudibanisa neyeza lomqolo.

I-Truvada ihlala isetyenziswa kunye nelinye ichiza lokunyanga i-HIV. Imizekelo yamachiza antiviral anokusetyenziswa kunye neTruvada ukunyanga i-HIV kubandakanya:

  • Isentress (raltegravir)
  • ITivicay (dolutegravir)
  • Evotaz (atazanavir kunye necobicistat)
  • Prezcobix (darunavir kunye necobicistat)
  • I-Kaletra (lopinavir kunye ne-ritonavir)
  • I-Prezista (darunavir)
  • IReyataz (atazanavir)
  • INorvir (ritonavir)

Ukusebenza ngokunyanga i-HIV

Ngokwezikhokelo zonyango, iTruvada, ngokudibeneyo nelinye iyeza lokuthintela intsholongwane, ithathwa njengenyathelo lokuqala lokukhetha kumntu oqala unyango lwe-HIV.

Amachiza okhetho lokuqala kwi-HIV amayeza a:

  • kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni amanqanaba entsholongwane
  • zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunezinye iindlela
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweTruvada kumntu ngamnye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi zinto zibandakanya:

  • iimpawu zesifo sabo se-HIV
  • ezinye iimeko zempilo abanazo
  • basondele kangakanani kunyango lwabo lonyango

Ngolwazi malunga nokuba ichiza lenze njani kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada.

ITruvada yangaphambi kokuvezwa kweprhylaxis (PrEP)

I-Truvada kuphela konyango olwamkelweyo lwe-FDA lwe-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ikwayilo nyango lwe-PrEP olucetyiswayo ngamaZiko oLawulo noKhuseleko lweZifo (CDC).

I-Truvada yamkelwe ukuthintela i-HIV kubantu abadala nakwishumi elivisayo abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV. Abantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV baquka abo:

  • ube neqabane owabelana nalo ngesondo elinosulelo lwe-HIV
  • babelana ngesondo kwindawo yejografi apho ixhaphakileyo i-HIV kwaye banezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezinje:
    • ukungasebenzisi ikhondom
    • uhlala ejele okanye ejele
    • ukuba notywala okanye ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi
    • ukuba nesifo esidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini
    • ukutshintshiselana ngesondo ngemali, iziyobisi, ukutya, okanye indawo yokuhlala

Ukusebenza kuthintelo lwe-HIV (PrEP)

I-Truvada kuphela konyango olwamkelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kwi-PrEP. Ikwayilo nyango lwe-PrEP olucetyiswayo ngamaZiko oLawulo noKhuseleko lweZifo (CDC). Kufunyenwe kusebenza ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Ngolwazi malunga nokuba ichiza lenze njani kwizifundo zeklinikhi, jonga ulwazi lokumisela iTruvada kunye nolu phononongo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweTruvada kunye nezinye iziyobisi

I-Truvada isetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV. Olu setyenziso lwesibini lubizwa ngokuba yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Sebenzisa namanye amayeza ukunyanga i-HIV

Xa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV, iTruvada isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza antiviral.

Ngokwezikhokelo zonyango lwe-HIV, iTruvada idityaniswe nelinye ichiza elinjenge-Tivicay (dolutegravir) okanye i-Isentress (raltegravir) ithathwa njengokhetho lokuqala xa uqala unyango lwe-HIV. Ngamanye amaxesha, iTruvada inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abaye bazama unyango olwahlukileyo lwe-HIV olungabasebenzelanga.

Amachiza okhetho lokuqala kwi-HIV amayeza a:

  • kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni amanqanaba entsholongwane
  • zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunezinye iindlela
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

ITruvada kunye neTivicay

I-Tivicay (dolutegravir) luhlobo lweziyobisi ekuthiwa yi-HIV integrase inhibitor. I-Tivicay ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo neTruvada kunyango lwe-HIV.

Ngokwezikhokelo zonyango, ukuthatha iTruvada kunye neTivicay lukhetho lokuqala kubantu abaqala unyango lwe-HIV.

Truvada kunye neIsentress

I-Isentress (i-raltegravir) luhlobo lweziyobisi ekuthiwa yi-HIV integrase inhibitor. I-Isentress ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo neTruvada kunyango lwe-HIV.

Ngokwezikhokelo zonyango lwe-HIV, ukuthatha iTruvada nge-Isentress lukhetho lokuqala kubantu abaqala unyango lwe-HIV.

Truvada kunye neKaletra

I-Kaletra iqulethe amachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-lopinavir kunye ne-ritonavir. Omabini la machiza aqulathwe kwi-Kaletra ahlelwa njenge-protease inhibitors.

I-Kaletra ngamanye amaxesha idityaniswa neTruvada ukunyanga i-HIV. Nangona indibaniselwano iyasebenza kunyango lwe-HIV, izikhokelo zonyango azikukhuthazi njengokhetho lokuqala kubantu abaninzi abaqala unyango lwe-HIV. Kungenxa yokuba olu dibaniso lunomngcipheko ophezulu weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunezinye iindlela.

Ayisetyenziswanga namanye amachiza kwi-HIV PrEP

I-Truvada isetyenziswa yodwa xa imiselwe i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ayisetyenziswanga nezinye iziyobisi.

ITruvada kunye notywala

Ukusela utywala ngelixa uthatha iTruvada kunokunyusa umngcipheko wezinye iziphumo, ezinje:

  • isicaphucaphu
  • ukugabha
  • urhudo
  • intloko ebuhlungu

Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunye nokuthatha iTruvada kungonyusa umngcipheko wesibindi okanye iingxaki zezintso.

Ukuba uthatha iTruvada, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ukusela utywala kukhuselekile kuwe.

Unxibelelwano lweTruvada

ITruvada inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Inokuphinda inxibelelane nezinye izongezo, kunye nejusi yeziqhamo.

Unxibelelwano olwahlukileyo kunokubangela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezinye zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesiyobisi, ngelixa ezinye zinokubangela ukwanda kweempembelelo.

Truvada kunye namanye amayeza

Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwamayeza anokusebenzisana neTruvada. Olu luhlu alunazo zonke iziyobisi ezinokusebenzisana neTruvada.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iTruvada, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ngayo yonke into emiselweyo, ekhawuntareni, kunye nezinye iziyobisi ozithathayo. Baxelele malunga nazo naziphi na iivithamini, amayeza esintu kunye nezixhasi ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngolu lwazi kunokukunceda uphephe unxibelelwano olunokubakho.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokunxibelelana kweziyobisi okunokuchaphazela, buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziyobisi ezinokusebenzisana neTruvada

Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo yamayeza anokusebenzisana neTruvada. Olu luhlu alunazo zonke iziyobisi ezinokusebenzisana neTruvada.

  • Iziyobisi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwezintso. ITruvada isuswe emzimbeni wakho zizintso zakho. Ukuthatha iTruvada kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezisuswe zizintso zakho, okanye iziyobisi ezinokonakalisa izintso zakho, zinokunyusa amanqanaba eTruvada emzimbeni wakho kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezisuswe zizintso zakho okanye ezinokonakalisa izintso zakho zibandakanya:
    • acyclovir (iZovirax)
    • I-adefovir (Hepsera)
    • Iasprini
    • cidofovir
    • diclofenac (eCambia, Voltaren, Zorvolex)
    • ganciclovir (iCytovene)
    • inyamicin
    • ibuprofen (Motrin)
    • I-naproxen (iAleve)
    • iValacyclovir (iValtrex)
    • ivalganciclovir (iValcyte)
  • Atazanavir. Ukuthatha iTruvada nge-atazanavir (Reyataz), nelinye ichiza le-HIV, kunokunciphisa amanqanaba e-atazanavir emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokwenza i-atazanavir isebenze kancinci.
  • I-Didanosine. Ukuthatha iTruvada nge-didanosine (Videx EC) kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-didanosine emzimbeni wakho kwaye kwandise umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-didanosine.
  • Epclusa. Iyeza elinyanga i-hepatitis C, i-Epclusa iqulethe amachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-sofosbuvir kunye ne-velpatasvir.Ukuthatha i-Epclusa kunye neTruvada kunokunyusa amanqanaba omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, elinye lamacandelo eTruvada. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tenofovir.
  • IHarvoni. Iyeza elinyanga i-hepatitis C, iHarvoni iqulethe amachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-sofosbuvir kunye ne-ledipasvir. Ukuthatha iHarvoni kunye neTruvada kunokunyusa amanqanaba omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, elinye lamacandelo eTruvada. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tenofovir.
  • I-Kaletra. I-Kaletra, elinye iyeza le-HIV, linamachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-lopinavir kunye ne-ritonavir. Ukuthatha i-Kaletra kunye neTruvada kunokunyusa amanqanaba omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, esinye sezithako zeTruvada. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tenefovir.

ITruvada kunye neediliya

Ukusela ijusi ye grapefruit ngelixa uthatha iTruvada kunokunyusa amanqanaba omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, esinye sezithako eTruvada. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-tenofovir. Ukuba uthatha iTruvada, musa ukusela ijusi yeziqhamo.

Khange kubekho zifundo malunga neziphumo zokutya igrapefruit ngelixa uthatha iTruvada. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba ngumbono olungileyo ukunqanda ukutya isixa esikhulu seediliya ukuze kuthintelwe ukwanda kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Enye indlela eya eTruvada

I-Truvada inamachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. La machiza ahlelwa njenge-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). I-Truvada isetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokukhusela usulelo lwe-HIV.

Zininzi ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV. Abanye banokukulungela ngcono kunabanye. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngamanye amayeza anokukusebenzela.

Ezinye iindlela zokunyanga i-HIV

Xa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV, iTruvada idityaniswe namanye amayeza antiviral. Owona mxube uqhelekileyo weTruvada yiTruvada kunye ne-Isentress (raltegravir), kunye neTruvada kunye neTivicay (dolutegravir). Ezi zithathwa njengokhetho lokuqala lonyango kubantu abaqala unyango lwe-HIV.

Imizekelo yolunye ukhetho lokuqala lwendibaniselwano ye-HIV enokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV ibandakanya:

  • Biktarvy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide)
  • UGenvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine)
  • Uluhlu (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine)
  • Isentress (raltegravir) kunye Descovy (tenofovir alafenamide kunye ne-emtricitabine)
  • Isentress (raltegravir) kunye IViread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kunye lamivudine
  • UTivicay (dolutegravir) kunye Descovy (tenofovir alafenamide kunye ne-emtricitabine)
  • UTivicay (dolutegravir) kunye IViread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kunye lamivudine
  • Triumeq (I-dolutegravir, abacavir, lamivudine)

Amachiza okhetho lokuqala kwi-HIV amayeza athi:

  • ukunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba wentsholongwane
  • zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunezinye iindlela
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

Zininzi ezinye iziyobisi kunye nendibaniselwano yeziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa ezi zisetyenziswa kuphela xa indibaniselwano yokhetho lokuqala olungenakusetyenziswa.

Ezinye iindlela zentsholongwane ye-HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

I-Truvada kuphela konyango olwamkelweyo lwe-FDA lwe-PrEP. Ikwayilo nyango lwe-PrEP olucetyiswayo ngamaZiko oLawulo noKhuseleko lweZifo (CDC). Okwangoku, azikho ezinye iindlela zeTruvada ze-PrEP.

ITruvada vs Descovy

Unokuzibuza ukuba iTruvada ithelekiswa njani namanye amayeza amiselwe ukusetyenziswa okufanayo. Apha sijonga indlela iTruvada kunye neDescovy ezifanayo kunye ezahlukeneyo.

Izithako

I-Truvada inamachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Descovy ikwanamachiza amabini kwipilisi enye: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir alafenamide.

Omabini la mayeza anechiza le-tenofovir, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-Truvada iqulethe i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate kunye ne-Descovy iqulethe i-tenofovir alafenamide. La machiza ayafana, kodwa aneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.

Sebenzisa

I-Truvada kunye ne-Descovy zombini zivunyelwe i-FDA ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV xa zisetyenziswa ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza antiviral.

I-Truvada ikwavunyiwe ukukhusela i-HIV kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Iifom kunye nolawulo

I-Truvada kunye ne-Descovy zombini zivela njengeepilisi zomlomo ezithathwa kanye yonke imihla.

Iziphumo kunye neengozi

I-Truvada kunye ne-Descovy ngamachiza afanayo kwaye abangela iziphumo ezifanayo kunye nezibi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo

Imizekelo yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zeTruvada kunye neDescovy zibandakanya:

  • urhudo
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • ukudinwa
  • izifo zokuphefumla
  • umqala obuhkungu
  • ukugabha
  • irhashalala

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

Imizekelo yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbi ezabiwe nguTruvada kunye noDescovy zibandakanya:

  • ukonakala kwamathambo
  • umonakalo kwizintso
  • ukulimala kwesibindi
  • I-lactic acidosis
  • isifo somzimba

Bobabini uTruvada noDescovy baneebhokisi zezilumkiso ezivela kwi-FDA. Isilumkiso esinebhokisi lolona hlobo lomeleleyo lwesilumkiso esifunwa yi-FDA. Izilumkiso zichaza ukuba la machiza anokubangela ukwanda kosulelo lwe-hepatitis B xa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyekisiwe.

I-Truvada kunye ne-Descovy zombini zinokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo kunye nokonakala kwezintso. Nangona kunjalo, iDescovy ibangela ilahleko encinci yethambo kuneTruvada. Ideskovy nayo incinci amathuba okubangela ukonzakala kwezintso kuneTruvada.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ukusebenza kweTruvada kunye neDescovy khange kuthelekiswa ngqo kwizifundo zeklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, uthelekiso olungqalileyo lubonise ukuba iTruvada kunye neDescovy banokusebenza ngokulinganayo kunyango lwe-HIV.

Ngokwezikhokelo zonyango, iTruvada okanye iDescovy idityaniswe nelinye iyeza, njengeTivicay (dolutegravir) okanye i-Isentress (raltegravir), zithathwa njengezinto ezinokukhethwa kuqala xa kuqalwa unyango lwe-HIV.

Iindleko

Iindleko zeTruvada okanye iDescovy zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sonyango lwakho. Ukuphonononga amaxabiso anokubakho, ndwendwela iGoodRx.com. Elona xabiso uzakuhlawula ngalo naliphi na ichiza lixhomekeke kwiinshurensi yakho. indawo okuyo, kunye nekhemesti oyisebenzisayo.

Ungayithatha njani iTruvada

Kuya kufuneka uthathe iTruvada ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Ixesha

I-Truvada kufuneka ithathwe kube kanye yonke imihla malunga nexesha elifanayo yonke imihla.

Ukuthatha iTruvada ngokutya

ITruvada ingathathwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutya. Ukukuthatha ngokutya kunokunceda ukunciphisa nasiphi na isisu esinokubangelwa lunyango.

Ngaba iTruvada ingatyunyuzwa?

Ithebhulethi yomlomo weTruvada akufuneki ityunyuzwe. Kufuneka iginywe iphelele.

Isebenza njani iTruvada

ITruvada inamachiza amabini: i-emtricitabine kunye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. La machiza omabini zii-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

La machiza abhloka i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-reverse transcriptase ekufuneka i-HIV ikope yona. Ngokuthintela le enzyme, iTruvada ithintela intsholongwane ekubeni ikhule kwaye ikope ngokwayo. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba e-HIV emzimbeni wakho aqala ukwehla.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukusebenza?

Amayeza aqulathwe eTruvada aqala ukusebenza kwangoko ukunciphisa amanqanaba entsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha inyanga enye ukuya kwezintandathu zonyango ngaphambi kokuba amanqanaba akho e-HIV asezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba angasabonakali egazini lakho. (Le yinjongo yokonyango. Xa i-HIV ingasabonakali, ayisakwazi ukudluliselwa komnye umntu.)

Izikhuselo zeTruvada

Eli yeza lineebhokisi zezilumkiso ezivela kuLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA). Isilumkiso sebhokisi sisilumkiso esomeleleyo esifunwa yi-FDA. Isilumkiso esinebhokisi silumkisa oogqirha kunye nezigulana malunga neziyobisi ezinokuba yingozi.

  • Ukunyuka kwesifo se-hepatitis B (HBV)Usulelo lwe-HBV lunokuba mandundu kubantu abane-HBV kwaye bayeke ukuthatha iTruvada. Ukuba unayo i-HBV kwaye uyeke ukuthatha iTruvada, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela isibindi sakho amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokuyeka iyeza. Unokufuna unyango losulelo lwe-HBV.
  • Ukuchasana neTruvadaI-Truvada akufuneki isetyenziselwe i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kubantu abasele bene-HIV kuba oku kunokubangela ukunganyangeki kwintsholongwane eTruvada. Ukuxhathisa kwintsholongwane kuthetha ukuba i-HIV ayisenakuphathwa nge-Truvada. Ukuba usebenzisa iTruvada kwi-PrEP, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kusulelo lwe-HIV ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango kwaye ubuncinci rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ngexesha lonyango lwakho.

Ezinye iindlela zokukhusela

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iTruvada, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nembali yakho yezempilo. ITruvada isenokungakulungeli ukuba uneemeko ezithile zonyango okanye ezinye izinto ezichaphazela impilo yakho. Oku kubandakanya:

  • Isifo sezintso: I-Truvada inokuwenza mandundu umsebenzi wezintso kubantu abanesifo sezintso. Ukuba unesifo sezintso, unokufuna ukuthatha iTruvada yonke imihla endaweni yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba unesifo sezintso ezinzima, ngekhe ukwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.
  • Isifo sesibindi: ITruvada inokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi. Ukuba unesifo sesibindi, iTruvada inokuyenza mandundu imeko yakho.
  • Isifo samathambo: ITruvada inokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo. Ukuba unesifo samathambo, njenge-osteoporosis, unokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuka kwethambo ukuba uthatha iTruvada.

Phawula: Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho zeTruvada, jonga icandelo leziphumo zeTruvada apha ngasentla.

Ukugqithisa kweTruvada

Ukuthatha kakhulu la mayeza kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi.

Iimpawu libanda

Iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu zinokubandakanya:

  • isisu esibuhlungu
  • urhudo
  • ukugabha
  • ukudinwa
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • isiyezi
  • iimpawu zomonakalo wezintso, njenge:
    • iintlungu zethambo okanye izihlunu
    • ubuthathaka
    • ukudinwa
    • isicaphucaphu
    • ukugabha
    • kunciphise ukuphuma komchamo
  • iimpawu zomonakalo wesibindi, njenge:
    • iintlungu okanye ukudumba esiswini sakho
    • isicaphucaphu
    • ukugabha
    • ukudinwa
    • tyheli kolusu okanye ezimhlophe zamehlo akho

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa uthe wagqithisa?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uthathe kakhulu eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho okanye ufune isikhokelo kuMbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu e800-222-1222 okanye ngesixhobo sabo se-Intanethi. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Truvada kunye nokukhulelwa

Ukuthatha iTruvada ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa akubonakali kwandisa umngcipheko weziphene zokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, akukho lwazi lufumanekayo malunga neziphumo zeTruvada ukuba ithathwa ngexesha lesibini okanye lesithathu itrimesters, okanye ukuba iTruvada inyusa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu.

Kwizifundo zezilwanyana, iTruvada khange ibe neziphumo eziyingozi kwinzala. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zezilwanyana azihlali zibonisa indlela abantu abaphendula ngayo.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iTruvada. Ukuba ukhulelwe ngelixa uthatha iTruvada, thetha nogqirha wakho kwangoko.

ITruvada kunye nokuncancisa

Amachiza aqulathwe eTruvada adluliswa kubisi lwebele. Oomama abathatha iTruvada akufuneki bancancise, kuba umntwana owanyiswayo unokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela eTruvada.

Esinye isizathu sokungancancisi kukuba i-HIV inokudluliselwa emntwaneni ngobisi lwebele. E-United States, amaZiko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo (i-CDC) icebisa ukuba abasetyhini abane-HIV bakuphephe ukuncancisa.

(Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi usakhuthaza ukuncancisa abasetyhini abane-HIV kumazwe amaninzi.)

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo yeTruvada

Nazi iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga neTruvada.

Ngaba iTruvada inokubangela isifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile asiyompembelelo ecaleni echazwe kwizifundo zaseTruvada. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yezintso ebizwa ngokuba yi-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus yenzekile kubantu abathatha iTruvada. Ngale meko, izintso azisebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye umntu udlula umchamo omkhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Ukuba unale meko kwaye iba nzima, ugqirha wakho angayeka unyango lwakho kunye neTruvada.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile se-nephrogenic zinokubandakanya:

  • isikhumba esomileyo
  • ukunciphisa inkumbulo
  • isiyezi
  • ukudinwa
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • iintlungu zemisipha
  • ukuhla ukusinda
  • i-orthostatic hypotension (uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi olubangela ukuba nesiyezi xa umi)

Ngaba iTruvada ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iherpes?

ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu alicebisi iTruvada yokuthintela usulelo lwe-herpes kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zonyango ziye zavavanya ukuba iTruvada, xa isetyenziselwa i-PrEP, inokuthintela nosulelo lwe-herpes. Ezi zifundo, ezinokufumaneka apha kwaye zilapha, zibe neziphumo ezixubeneyo.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokusebenzisa iTruvada ukunyanga i-herpes, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Ndingayisebenzisa iTylenol ngelixa ndithatha iTruvada?

Akukho kunxibelelana kuchaziweyo phakathi kweTylenol (acetaminophen) kunye neTruvada. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha iidosi eziphezulu zeTylenol kunokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi. Ngamanye amaxesha, iTruvada ikwabangele ukonakala kwesibindi. Ukuthatha idosi ephezulu yeTylenol kunye neTruvada kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokulimala kwesibindi.

Ukupheliswa kweTruvada

Xa iTruvada ikhutshwa ekhemesti, usokhemesti uya kongeza umhla wokuphelelwa kwileyibhile esebhotileni. Lo mhla uqhele ukuba ngunyaka omnye ukusukela kumhla wokukhutshwa kwamayeza. Isizathu salo mhla wokuphelelwa yisikhathi kukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamayeza ngeli xesha.

Isimo sangoku soLawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) kukuphepha ukusebenzisa amayeza aphelelwe lixesha. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwe-FDA lubonise ukuba amayeza amaninzi anokulunga ngaphaya komhla wokuphelelwa kuluhlu oludweliswe kwibhotile.

Ixesha elide amayeza ahlala elungile anokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya nokuba ligcinwa njani kwaye liphi iyeza. I-Truvada kufuneka igcinwe kwisikhongozeli sokuqala kubushushu begumbi, malunga ne-77 ° F (25 ° C).

Ukuba awusebenzisanga iyeza elidlulileyo kumhla wokuphelelwa kwalo, thetha nosokhemesti wakho malunga nokuba unganako na ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukuziphendulela: Iindaba Zonyango Namhlanje wenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke ingcaciso ichanekile, ibanzi kwaye ihlaziyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku akufuneki lisetyenziswe endaweni yolwazi kunye nobuchule bengcali yezempilo enelayisensi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye nolunye uqeqesho kwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nawaphi na amayeza. Ulwazi lweziyobisi oluqulethwe apha luyakwazi ukutshintsha kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni konke okunokwenzeka, imikhombandlela, izilumkiso, izilumkiso, ukuhlangana kweziyobisi, ukungahambelani komzimba, okanye iziphumo ezibi. Ukungabikho kwezilumkiso okanye olunye ulwazi ngesiyobisi esinikiweyo akubonisi ukuba indibaniselwano yeziyobisi ikhuselekile, iyasebenza, okanye ifanelekile kuzo zonke izigulana okanye konke ukusetyenziswa okuthile.

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