I-Tyrosine: Izibonelelo, Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nedosi

Umxholo

• Yintoni iTyrosine kwaye yenza ntoni?
• Ingaphucula ukusebenza kweNgqondo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo
• Inokunceda abo banePhenylketonuria
• Ubu bungqina malunga neempembelelo zoxinzelelo kuxubekile
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeTyrosine
• I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (i-MAOIs)
• Idlala lengqula
• ILevodopa (L-dopa)
• Uncedisa njani ngeTyrosine
• Umgca osezantsi

I-Tyrosine sisongezo esidumileyo sokutya esisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukulumkisa, ukujonga kunye nokugxila.

Ivelisa imichiza ebalulekileyo yobuchopho enceda iiseli zemithambo-luvo zinxibelelane kwaye zinokulawula imeko ().

Ngaphandle kwezi zibonelelo, ukongeza nge-tyrosine kunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunxibelelana namayeza.

Eli nqaku likuxelela konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga ne-tyrosine, kubandakanya izibonelelo zayo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye needosi ezinconyelwayo.

Yintoni iTyrosine kwaye yenza ntoni?

I-Tyrosine yi-amino acid eveliswa ngokwendalo emzimbeni isuka kwenye i-amino acid ebizwa ngokuba yi-phenylalanine.

Ifumaneka kukutya okuninzi, ngakumbi kwitshizi, apho yafunyanwa khona okokuqala. Ngapha koko, "tyros" lithetha "itshizi" ngesiGrike ().

Iyafumaneka nakwinkukhu, iturkey, intlanzi, iimveliso zobisi kunye nokunye ukutya okuneprotein ephezulu ().

I-Tyrosine inceda ukwenza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya (4):

• IDopamine: IDopamine ilawula umvuzo kunye namaziko akho okuzonwabisa. Le khemikhali ibalulekileyo yobuchopho ikwabalulekile kwimemori nakwizakhono zemoto ().
• I-Adrenaline kunye ne-noradrenaline: Ezi hormone zinoxanduva lokuphendula-okanye-ukubhabha impendulo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo. Balungiselela umzimba ukuba "ulwe" okanye "ubaleke" kuhlaselo olubonakalayo okanye ukwenzakala ().
• Iihomoni zedroid: Iihomoni ze-thyroid ziveliswa yidlala lengqula kwaye ikakhulu linoxanduva lokulawula imetabolism ().
• I-Melanin: Lo mbala unika ulusu lwakho, iinwele kunye namehlo umbala wawo. Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama banemelanin eninzi kulusu lwabo kunabantu abanebala elikhanyayo ().

Ikwafumaneka njengesongezelelo sokutya. Ungayithenga wedwa okanye udityaniswe nezinye izithako, njengokuncedisa ngaphambi kokuzilolonga.

Ukuxhasa nge-tyrosine kucingelwa ukuba kukonyusa amanqanaba e-neurotransmitters dopamine, adrenaline kunye norepinephrine.

Ngokwandisa ezi neurotransmitters, inokunceda ukuphucula inkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwimeko zoxinzelelo (4).

Isishwankathelo I-Tyrosine yi-amino acid eveliswa ngumzimba kwi-phenylalanine. Ukuxhasa ngayo kucingelwa ukuba kukonyusa imichiza ebalulekileyo yobuchopho, echaphazela imeko yakho kunye nokuphendula koxinzelelo.

Ingaphucula ukusebenza kweNgqondo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo yinto wonke umntu ahlangabezana nayo.

Olu xinzelelo lunokuchaphazela kakubi ukuqiqa kwakho, inkumbulo, ingqalelo kunye nolwazi ngokunciphisa ii-neurotransmitters (,).

Umzekelo, iimpuku ezazichanabeke kubanda (uxinzelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo) zazinememori engalunganga ngenxa yokwehla kwee-neurotransmitters (10,).

Nangona kunjalo, xa ezi ntonga zinikwa isongezo se-tyrosine, ukwehla kwee-neurotransmitters kwabuyiselwa umva kwaye imemori yabo yabuyiselwa.

Ngelixa idatha yeentonga ayithethi kuthi iguqulele ebantwini, izifundo zabantu zifumene iziphumo ezifanayo.

Kwisifundo esinye kwabasetyhini abangama-22, i-tyrosine iphucule kakhulu inkumbulo yokusebenza ngexesha lomsebenzi onzima ngengqondo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo. Imemori yokusebenza idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugxileni nasekulandeleni imiyalelo ().

Kwisifundo esifanayo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-22 banikwa isongezo se-tyrosine okanye i-placebo ngaphambi kokugqiba uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukubanakho kwengqondo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo, i-tyrosine yafunyanwa ukuphucula imeko yokuqonda ().

Ukuguquguquka kwengqondo kukukwazi ukutshintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi okanye iingcinga. Ngokukhawuleza umntu angatshintsha imisebenzi, kokukhona bhetyebhetye kwengqondo yakhe.

Ukongeza, ukongeza nge-tyrosine kubonisiwe ukuba kuzuze abo baleleyo. Idosi enye yayo incede abantu abaphulukene nokulala ebusuku bahlala bephaphile kangangeeyure ezintathu kunokuba bebeya kuthi ().

Ngapha koko, uphononongo ezimbini zigqibe kwelokuba ukongeza nge-tyrosine kunokuguqula ukubuyela kwengqondo kunye nokuphucula ukuqonda kwixesha elifutshane, uxinzelelo okanye imeko enzima yengqondo (15,).

Ngelixa i-tyrosine inokubonelela ngezibonelelo zokuqonda, akukho bungqina bucebise ukuba buphucula ukusebenza komntu ebantwini (,,).

Okokugqibela, akukho phando lubonisa ukuba ukongeza nge-tyrosine ngokungabikho koxinzelelo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ngamanye amagama, ayizukunyusa amandla akho engqondo.

Isishwankathelo Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-tyrosine inokunceda ukugcina amandla akho engqondo xa uthathwa ngaphambi koxinzelelo lomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, abukho ubungqina bokuba ukongeza kuyo kunokuphucula imemori yakho.

Inokunceda abo banePhenylketonuria

I-Phenylketonuria (PKU) yimeko enqabileyo yemfuza ebangelwa sisiphene kwimfuza enceda ukudala i-enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase ().

Umzimba wakho usebenzisa le enzyme ukuguqula i-phenylalanine ibe yi-tyrosine, esetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-neurotransmitters (4).

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwale enzyme, umzimba wakho awunako ukwaphula i-phenylalanine, ibangele ukuba yakhe emzimbeni.

Indlela ephambili yokunyanga i-PKU kukulandela ukutya okukhethekileyo okuthintela ukutya okuqukethe i-phenylalanine (20).

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-tyrosine yenziwe nge-phenylalanine, abantu abane-PKU banokusilela kwi-tyrosine, enokuthi ibe negalelo kwiingxaki zokuziphatha ().

Ukongezwa kunye ne-tyrosine kunokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ezi mpawu, kodwa ubungqina buxubekile.

Kuphononongo olunye, abaphandi baphande ngeziphumo zokuncedisa nge-tyrosine ecaleni okanye endaweni yokutya okuthintelwe yi-phenylalanine kubukrelekrele, ukukhula, imeko yesondlo, amaqondo okusweleka kunye nomgangatho wobomi ().

Abaphandi bahlalutye izifundo ezimbini kubandakanya abantu abangama-47 kodwa abafumananga mahluko phakathi kokuxhasa nge-tyrosine kunye ne-placebo.

Uphengululo lwezifundo ezithathu kubandakanya abantu abangama-56 abafumananga mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kokuncedisa nge-tyrosine kunye ne-placebo kwiziphumo ezilinganisiweyo ().

Abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba akukho zindululo zinokwenziwa malunga nokuba izongezo ze-tyrosine ziyasebenza na kunyango lwe-PKU.

Isishwankathelo I-PKU yimeko enzulu enokubangela ukunqongophala kwe-tyrosine. Izifundo ezingaphezulu ziyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izindululo malunga nokunyangwa nge-tyrosine supplements.

Ubu bungqina malunga neempembelelo zoxinzelelo kuxubekile

I-Tyrosine ikwathiwe iyanceda ngokudakumba.

Uxinzelelo kucingelwa ukuba lwenzeka xa ii-neurotransmitters kwingqondo yakho zingalingani. Ukudakumba kuqheleke ukuba kumiselwe ukunceda ukulungelelanisa kwakhona ().

Ngenxa yokuba i-tyrosine inokunyusa imveliso ye-neurotransmitters, ibanga ukuba isebenza njenge-antidepressant ().

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwangaphambili aluxhasi eli bango.

Kwisifundo esinye, abantu abangama-65 abanexinzelelo bafumana i-100 mg / kg ye-tyrosine, i-2.5 mg / kg ye-anti-depressant okanye indawo ye-placebo yonke imihla iiveki ezine. I-Tyrosine yafunyanwa ingenazo iziphumo zoxinzelelo ().

Uxinzelelo sisifo esintsonkothileyo esahlukileyo. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba ukongezwa kokutya njenge-tyrosine kungasebenzi ekulweni neempawu zayo.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadandathekileyo abanamanqanaba asezantsi e-dopamine, i-adrenaline okanye i-noradrenaline banokufumana inzuzo ngokuxhasa nge-tyrosine.

Ngapha koko, olunye uphononongo phakathi kwabantu abanesiphene kuxinzelelo lwe-dopamine uqaphele ukuba i-tyrosine ibonelele ngezibonelelo ezibonakalayo zekliniki ().

Uxinzelelo oluxhomekeke kwi-Dopamine lubonakaliswa ngamandla asezantsi kunye nokusilela kwenkuthazo ().

Kude kube kufumaneke uphando, ubungqina obukhoyo ngoku abuxhasi ukuxhasa i-tyrosine yokunyanga iimpawu zoxinzelelo ().

Isishwankathelo I-Tyrosine inokuguqulwa ibe zii-neurotransmitters ezichaphazela imood. Nangona kunjalo, uphando aluxhasi ukuxhasa nalo ukulwa neempawu zoxinzelelo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeTyrosine

I-Tyrosine "ibonwa ngokubanzi njengekhuselekileyo" (i-GRAS) nguLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (28).

Yongezwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwidosi ye-68 mg ngepawundi (150 mg ngeekhilogram) yobunzima bomzimba ngosuku ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintathu (15,,).

Ngelixa i-tyrosine ikhuselekile kubantu abaninzi, inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye inxibelelane namayeza.

I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (i-MAOIs)

I-Tyramine yi-amino acid enceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye iveliswa ngokonakala kwe-tyrosine.

I-Tyramine iqokelela ekutyeni xa i-tyrosine kunye ne-phenylalanine ziguqulwa zaba yi-tyramine yi-enzyme kwii-microorganisms (31).

Iitshizi ezinje nge-cheddar kunye noshizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inyama ephilisiweyo okanye yokutshaya, iimveliso zesoya kunye nebhiya inezinga eliphezulu le-tyramine (31).

Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo abizwa ngokuba yi-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) athintela i-enzyme monoamine oxidase, eyaphula i-tyramine emzimbeni (,,).

Ukudibanisa ii-MAOIs kunye nokutya okuphezulu kwe-tyramine kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwinqanaba eliyingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, ayaziwa ukuba ukongeza nge-tyrosine kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-tyramine emzimbeni, ke ulumkiso luyimfuneko kwabo bathatha ii-MAOIs (, 35).

Idlala lengqula

Ihomoni ye-thyroid triiodothyronine (T3) kunye ne-thyroxine (T4) zinceda ukulawula ukukhula kunye nemetabolism emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile ukuba amanqanaba e-T3 kunye ne-T4 awekho phezulu kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu.

Ukuxhasa nge-tyrosine kunokuchaphazela ezi hormone ().

Kungenxa yokuba i-tyrosine yindawo yokwakha iihomoni ze-thyroid, ngoko ke ukuxhaswa nayo kunokunyusa amanqanaba abo aphezulu kakhulu.

Ke ngoko, abantu abathatha amayeza e-thyroid okanye abane-thyroid engasebenziyo kufuneka balumke xa besongeza nge-tyrosine.

ILevodopa (L-dopa)

I-Levodopa (L-dopa) liyeza eliqhele ukunyanga isifo sika-Parkinson ().

Emzimbeni, i-L-dopa kunye ne-tyrosine bakhuphisana ngokufakwa kumathumbu amancinci, anokuthi aphazamise ukusebenza kweziyobisi (38).

Ke, iidosi zala machiza mabini zahlulwe ziiyure ezininzi ukunqanda oku.

Into enomdla kukuba, i-tyrosine iyaphandwa ukunciphisa ezinye zeempawu ezinxulunyaniswa nokwehla kwengqondo kubantu abadala (38,).

Isishwankathelo I-Tyrosine ikhuselekile kuninzi lwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, inokusebenzisana namayeza athile.

Uncedisa njani ngeTyrosine

Njengokongezwa, i-tyrosine iyafumaneka njengefom yasimahla ye-amino acid okanye i-N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT).

I-NALT inyibilikiswa ngamanzi ngakumbi kunohlobo lwayo lwasimahla, kodwa inezinga eliphantsi lokuguqula libe yi-tyrosine emzimbeni (,).

Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kufuna idosi enkulu ye-NALT kune-tyrosine ukuze ufumane isiphumo esifanayo, usenza ifom yasimahla ukhetho olukhethiweyo.

I-Tyrosine ihlala ithathwa kumthamo we-500-2,000 mg 30-60 imizuzu ngaphambi kokuzilolonga, nangona izibonelelo zayo ekusebenzeni komthambo zihlala zingahambelani (42, 43).

Kubonakala ngathi kuyasebenza ekugcineni ukusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha loxinzelelo lomzimba okanye amaxesha okuphulukana nokulala xa uthathwa ngeedosi ukusuka kwi-45-68 mg ngepawundi (100-150 mg ngekg) yobunzima bomzimba.

Oku kuya kuba zi-7-10 iigram zomntu oyi-150 yeepawundi (68.2-kg) yomntu.

Ezi dosi ziphezulu zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesisu kwaye zahlulwe zibe ngamanani amabini ahlukeneyo, kuthathwe imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 ngaphambi komsitho oxinzelelekileyo.

Isishwankathelo I-Tyrosine njengefom yasimahla ye-amino acid yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokongezwa. Iziphumo zayo eziphambili zokulwa noxinzelelo ziye zaqwalaselwa xa zithathwa kumthamo we-45-68 mg ngeponti nganye (100-150 mg nge-kg) yobunzima bomzimba malunga nemizuzu engama-60 ngaphambi kwesiganeko soxinzelelo.

Umgca osezantsi

I-Tyrosine sisongezo esidumileyo sokutya esisetyenziselwa izizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Emzimbeni, isetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-neurotransmitters, ezihlala zincipha phantsi kwamaxesha oxinzelelo okanye obunzima bengqondo.

Kukho ubungqina obulungileyo bokuthi ukuncedisa nge-tyrosine kuzalisa ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ze-neurotransmitters kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo.

Ukuxhaswa ngayo kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kukhuselekile, nakwiidosi eziphezulu, kodwa inako ukusebenzisana namayeza athile, ukulumkisa.

Ngelixa i-tyrosine inezibonelelo ezininzi, ukubaluleka kwayo kuhlala kungacacanga de kufumaneke ubungqina obuninzi.