Luluphi unxibelelwano phakathi komthwalo wentsholongwane kunye nomngcipheko wokosulelwa yintsholongwane kaGawulayo?

Umxholo

• Uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane
• Ithetha ukuthini 'ingabonakali' intsholongwane?
• Umba wespike
• Umthwalo wentsholongwane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-HIV
• Imibuzo neempendulo
• Q:
• A:
• Umthwalo wentsholongwane kunye nokukhulelwa
• Ubungakanani bentsholongwane kuluntu (CVL)
• Imbonakalo

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ushwankathelo

Ubungakanani bentsholongwane linqanaba le-HIV egazini. Abantu abangenayo i-HIV abanawo umthamo wentsholongwane. Ukuba umntu uvavanyiwe ukuba unayo i-HIV, iqela labo lokhathalelo lwempilo banokusebenzisa uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane ukubeka esweni imeko yabo.

Umthamo wentsholongwane ubonakalisa indlela esebenzayo ngayo i-HIV kwinkqubo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ubungakanani bentsholongwane buphezulu ixesha elide, ubalo lwe-CD4 luba sezantsi. Iiseli ze-CD4 (iseti esezantsi yeeseli zeT) zinceda ekwenzeni impendulo kumzimba. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ze-CD4, nto leyo enciphisa ukuphendula komzimba kwintsholongwane.

Umthamo wentsholongwane egazini osezantsi okanye ongabonakaliyo ubonakalisa ukuba amajoni omzimba asebenza ngenkuthalo ukugcina i-HIV ijonga. Ukwazi la manani kunceda ukumisela unyango lomntu.

Uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane

Uvavanyo lwegciwane lokuqala luqala ukwenziwa kwakamsinya emva kokufunyaniswa kwe-HIV.

Olu vavanyo luncedo ngaphambi nasemva kotshintsho kunyango. Umboneleli wezempilo uyalela ukuvavanywa kokulandelwa rhoqo rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane utshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Inani lentsholongwane elikhulayo lithetha ukuba i-HIV yomntu iya isiba mandundu, kwaye utshintsho kunyango lwangoku lunokufuneka. Ukuhla komthamo wentsholongwane luphawu olulungileyo.

Ithetha ukuthini 'ingabonakali' intsholongwane?

Unyango nge-Antiretroviral ngamayeza anceda ukugcina umthamo wentsholongwane emzimbeni ulawulwa. Kubantu abaninzi, unyango lwe-HIV lunokwehlisa ubukhulu bomthamo wentsholongwane egazini, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo.

Umthamo wentsholongwane ubonwa ungabonakali ukuba uvavanyo alunakulinganisa amasuntswana e-HIV kwimililitha enye yegazi. Ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane ubonwa ungabonakali, oko kuthetha ukuba iyeza liyasebenza.

Ngokuka-, umntu ongenabungozi wentsholongwane egazini "akanabungozi" bokudlulisela i-HIV. Ngo-2016, iPhulo lokuThintela ukuFikelela lasungula i-U = U, okanye engafumanekiyo = Ayinakuthunyelwa, iphulo.

Igama lesilumkiso: "alubonakali" aluthethi ukuba amasuntswana wentsholongwane awakho, okanye umntu akasenayo i-HIV. Kuthetha nje ukuba ubungakanani bentsholongwane buphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba uvavanyo alunako ukulinganisa.

Abantu abane-HIV kufuneka bacinge ngokuqhubeka kumayeza e-antiretroviral ukuze bahlale besempilweni kwaye bagcine imithwalo yabo yentsholongwane ingabonakali.

Umba wespike

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba kunokubakho iipikethi zomthamo wentsholongwane egazini okwexeshana, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba zii “blips.” Ezi spikes zinokwenzeka nakubantu abanamanqanaba omthamo wentsholongwane egazini ongafumanekiyo ixesha elide.

Oku kunyuka kwemithwalo yentsholongwane kunokwenzeka phakathi kovavanyo, kwaye akunakubakho zimpawu.

Amanqanaba omthamo wentsholongwane egazini okanye kulwelo lwangasese okanye kwiimfihlo zihlala zifana.

Umthwalo wentsholongwane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-HIV

Ubungakanani bentsholongwane obuncinci kuthetha ukuba umntu akanakufane ahambise i-HIV. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane lilinganisela kuphela isixa se-HIV esegazini. Umthamo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo awuthethi ukuba i-HIV ayikho emzimbeni.

Abantu abane-HIV banokufuna ukuthathela ingqalelo amanyathelo okhuseleko ukunciphisa ukosuleleka yi-HIV kunye nokunciphisa ukosuleleka kwezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngokuchanekileyo nangokungaguqukiyo xa usabelana ngesondo yindlela efanelekileyo yothintelo lwe-STI. Jonga esi sikhokelo sokusebenzisa iikhondom.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuhambisa i-HIV kumaqabane ngokwabelana ngeenaliti. Akukhuselekanga ukwabelana ngeenaliti.

Abantu abane-HIV banokufuna ukucinga ngokuthetha phandle nangokunyaniseka namaqabane abo. Banokubuza ababoneleli babo bokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba bachaze ubungakanani bentsholongwane kunye nomngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Q:

Eminye imithombo ithi amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo nguziro. Ngaba oku kuyinyaniso?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo, i-CDC ngoku inika ingxelo yokuba umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV ngumntu “onyamezelayo” kunyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) ene-viral suppression yi-0%. Izifundo ebezisetyenziselwa ukwenza esi sigqibo zichonge ukuba iziganeko zosasazo, xa zisenzeka, zibangelwe kukufunyanwa kosulelo olutsha kwiqabane elahlukileyo, elingacinezelwanga. Ngenxa yoku, akukho thuba lokudlulisela i-HIV kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo. Ukungafumaneki kuchazwe ngokwahlukileyo kwezi zifundo zithathu, kodwa zonke zazingama-200 iikopi zentsholongwane ngegazi leemililitha.

UDaniel Murrell, iimpendulo ze-MDA zimele izimvo zeengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.

Umthwalo wentsholongwane kunye nokukhulelwa

Ukuthatha amayeza ee-antiretroviral ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokubeleka kunokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-HIV emntwaneni. Ukuba nomthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo yinjongo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Abasetyhini banokuthatha amayeza e-HIV ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wezempilo malunga neerejimeni ezithile.

Ukuba owasetyhini one-HIV sele esela amayeza ee-antiretroviral, ukukhulelwa kunokuchaphazela indlela umzimba olisebenzisa ngayo iyeza lakhe. Utshintsho oluthile kunyango lunokufuneka.

Ubungakanani bentsholongwane kuluntu (CVL)

Ubungakanani bomthamo wentsholongwane egazini wabantu abane-HIV kwiqela elithile ubizwa ngokuba ngumthamo wentsholongwane egazini (i-CVL). I-CVL ephezulu inokubeka abantu abakuloo ndawo abangenayo i-HIV emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuyifumana.

I-CVL inokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuba loluphi unyango lwe-HIV olusebenzayo olwehlisa umthamo wentsholongwane. I-CVL inokuba luncedo ekufundeni ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane osezantsi ungawachaphazela njani amaqondo okuhambisa kuluntu oluthile okanye amaqela abantu.

Imbonakalo

Ukuba nomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo kwehlisa kakhulu amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV kumaqabane ezesondo okanye ngokusebenzisa iinaliti ekwabelwana ngazo.

Ukongeza, iingxelo zokuba unyango lwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-HIV kunye neentsana zabo linciphisa inani lobungakanani bentsholongwane kunye nomngcipheko wokuba umntwana afumane i-HIV kwisibeleko.

Ngokubanzi, unyango lwakwangoko lubonakalisiwe ukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsholongwane egazini labantu abane-HIV. Ngaphandle kokwehlisa amazinga osulelo kubantu abangenayo i-HIV, unyango kwangoko kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane osezantsi kunceda abantu abane-HIV baphile ixesha elide, ubomi obuphilileyo.