Ukhuseleko lwe-Vaccine

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni ugonyo?
• Ngaba izitofu zokugonya zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Avavanywa njani amayeza okugonya ukhuseleko?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni ugonyo?

Izitofu zokugonya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yethu. Ziyasikhusela kwizifo ezinzulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibulala. Izitofu zitofu (iidubulo), ulwelo, iipilisi, okanye izitshizi zempumlo ozithathayo ukufundisa amajoni omzimba wakho ukuba aqaphele kwaye azikhusele kwiintsholongwane eziyingozi. Iintsholongwane zingaba ziintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya.

Ezinye iintlobo zokugonya zineentsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Kodwa iintsholongwane ziye zabulawa okanye zenziwa buthathaka ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba azinakukugula. Ezinye izitofu zogonyo zine nxalenye yentsholongwane kuphela. Ezinye iintlobo zokugonya zibandakanya imiyalelo yokuba iiseli zakho zenze iprotein yentsholongwane.

Ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zokugonya zonke zibangela ukuphendula komzimba, okunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ulwe neentsholongwane. Amajoni akho omzimba aya kuyikhumbula intsholongwane kwaye ayihlasele ukuba intsholongwane ingaphinda ihlasele kwakhona. Olu khuselo kwisifo esithile lubizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane.

Ezi zifo zinokuba mandundu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoku, ukukhuselwa kwisitofu kukhuselekile kunokufumana ukhuseleko ngokugula sesi sifo. Kwaye kwizitofu zokugonya ezimbalwa, ukugonywa kunokukunika impendulo engcono yomzimba kunokufumana isifo.

Ngaba izitofu zokugonya zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Njengamayeza, naluphi na ugonyo lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Uninzi lwexesha iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zincinci, ezinje ngengalo ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, okanye umkhuhlane omncinci. Zihlala zihamba zingaphelanga iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala zibonisa ukuba umzimba wakho uqala ukwakha ukukhuselwa sisifo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ezivela kwizitofu zokugonya zinokwenzeka, kodwa zinqabile kakhulu. Ezi ziphumo zecala zinokubandakanya ukusabela okungafunekiyo komzimba. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zahlukile kwisitofu ngasinye. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ukhathazekile ngempilo yakho emva kokugonywa.

Abanye abantu banexhala lokuba izitofu zobuntwana zinokubangela isifo se-autism (ASD). Kodwa uphando oluninzi lwezenzululwazi luye lwakujonga oku kwaye alufumananga nxu lumano phakathi kwezitofu zokugonya kunye ne-ASD.

Avavanywa njani amayeza okugonya ukhuseleko?

Lonke ugonyo oluvunyiweyo eMelika luya kuvavanyo lokhuseleko olubanzi. Iqala ngovavanyo kunye nokuvavanywa kwesitofu sokugonya ngaphambi kokuba samkelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Le nkqubo ihlala ithatha iminyaka eliqela.

• Okokuqala, iyeza lokuvavanya iye yavavanywa elebhu. Ngokusekwe kuvavanyo, i-FDA igqiba ekubeni iluvavanye na ugonyo nabantu.
• Ukuvavanywa kwabantu kwenziwa ngovavanyo lweklinikhi. Kolu vavanyo, izitofu ziyavavanywa kumavolontiya. Ulingo lwezonyango luhlala luqala ngamavolontiya angama-20 ukuya kwali-100, kodwa ekugqibeleni lubandakanya amawaka amavolontiya.
• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lunezigaba ezithathu. Izilingo zifuna impendulo kwimibuzo ebalulekileyo enje
  • Ingaba isitofu sikhuselekile?
  • Yeyiphi idosi (isixa) esisebenza kakuhle?
  • Amajoni omzimba asabela njani kuyo?
  • Isebenza kangakanani?
• Ngexesha lenkqubo, i-FDA isebenza ngokusondeleyo nenkampani eyenza iyeza lokuvavanya ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwentsholongwane. Ukuba iyeza lokugonya lifunyenwe likhuselekile kwaye lisebenza, liyakuvunywa kwaye ligunyazwe yi-FDA.
• Emva kokuba isitofu sokugonya sinelayisensi, iingcali zinokuthathela ingqalelo ukongeza kwichiza lokuthintela, okanye kugonyo, kwishedyuli. Le shedyuli ivela kumaZiko oLawulo noKhuseleko lweZifo (CDC). Uluhlu lwazo zezitofu zokugonya ezicetyiswayo kumaqela ahlukeneyo abantu. Babhala uluhlu lwamaqela eminyaka yobudala ekufuneka befumene ukuba zeziphi na izitofu, zingaphi iidosi abazifunayo, kwaye kufuneka bazifumane nini.

Ukuvavanywa nokubekwa kweliso kuyaqhubeka emva kokuba isitofu sivunyiwe:

• Inkampani eyenza ukuba izitofu zivavanye zonke izitofu zokugonya ezisemgangathweni kunye nokhuseleko. I-FDA iphonononga iziphumo zolu vavanyo. Iphinda ihlole iifektri apho kwenziwa isitofu sokugonya. Olu hlolo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izitofu ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho nokhuseleko.
• I-FDA, iCDC, kunye nezinye iiarhente zomdibaniso ziyaqhubeka nokujonga ukhuseleko, ukujonga iziphumo ezinokubakho. Baneenkqubo zokulandelela nayiphi na imiba yokhuseleko kunye nezitofu zokugonya.

Le migangatho iphezulu yokhuseleko kunye novavanyo lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitofu e-United States zikhuselekile. Izitofu zokugonya zinceda ukukhusela kwizifo ezinobuzaza, nokuba zibulalayo. Abakukhuseli nje kuphela, kodwa banceda ukugcina ezi zifo zingasasazeki ziye kwabanye.